RESUMEN
The analysis of antimicrobial activity is usually MIC- and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC)-focused, though also crucial are resistance-related parameters, e.g., the frequency of spontaneous mutant selection (FSMS), the mutant prevention concentration (MPC), and the mutant selection window (MSW). In vitro-determined MPCs, however, are sometimes variable, poorly repeatable, and not always reproducible in vivo. We propose a new approach to the in vitro determination of MSWs, along with novel parameters: MPC-D, MSW-D (for dominant mutants, i.e., selected with a high frequency, without a fitness loss), and MPC-F, MSW-F (for inferior mutants, i.e., with an impaired fitness). We also propose a new method for preparing the high-density inoculum (>1011 CFU/mL). In this study, the MPC and MPC-D (limited by FSMS of <10-10) of ciprofloxacin, linezolid, and novel benzosiloxaborole (No37) were determined for Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 using the standard agar method, while the MPC-D and MPC-F were determined by the novel broth method. Regardless of the method, MSWs1010 of linezolid and No37 were the same. However, MSWs1010 of ciprofloxacin in the broth method was narrower than in the agar method. In the broth method, the 24-h incubation of ~1010 CFU in a drug-containing broth differentiates the mutants that can dominate the cell population from those that can only be selected under exposure. We consider MPC-Ds in the agar method to be less variable and more repeatable than MPCs. Meanwhile, the broth method may decrease discrepancies between in vitro and in vivo MSWs. The proposed approaches may help establish MPC-D-related resistance-restricting therapies.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Antiinfecciosos , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Linezolid/farmacología , Agar/farmacología , Mutación , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/genética , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Ciprofloxacina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Over 30 compounds, including para-, meta-, and ortho-phenylenediboronic acids, ortho-substituted phenylboronic acids, benzenetriboronic acids, di- and triboronated thiophenes, and pyridine derivatives were investigated as potential ß-lactamase inhibitors. The highest activity against KPC-type carbapenemases was found for ortho-phenylenediboronic acid 3a, which at the concentration of 8/4 mg/L reduced carbapenems' MICs up to 16/8-fold, respectively. Checkerboard assays revealed strong synergy between carbapenems and 3a with the fractional inhibitory concentrations indices of 0.1-0.32. The nitrocefin hydrolysis test and the whole cell assay with E. coli DH5α transformant carrying blaKPC-3 proved KPC enzyme being its molecular target. para-Phenylenediboronic acids efficiently potentiated carbapenems against KPC-producers and ceftazidime against AmpC-producers, whereas meta-phenylenediboronic acids enhanced only ceftazidime activity against the latter ones. Finally, the statistical analysis confirmed that ortho-phenylenediboronic acids act synergistically with carbapenems significantly stronger than other groups. Since the obtained phenylenediboronic compounds are not toxic to MRC-5 human fibroblasts at the tested concentrations, they can be considered promising scaffolds for the future development of novel KPC/AmpC inhibitors. The complexation of KPC-2 with the most representative isomeric phenylenediboronic acids 1a, 2a, and 3a was modeled by quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics calculations. Compound 3a reached the most effective configuration enabling covalent binding to the catalytic Ser70 residue.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos , Ceftazidima , Humanos , Antibacterianos/química , Ceftazidima/farmacología , Escherichia coli , beta-Lactamasas/química , Proteínas Bacterianas/metabolismo , Inhibidores de beta-Lactamasas/farmacología , Inhibidores de beta-Lactamasas/química , Carbapenémicos/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Compuestos de Azabiciclo/farmacología , Combinación de MedicamentosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study, conducted within the framework of the project entitled 'Let's get the kids moving', was to determine the associations between children's longitudinal and transverse foot arch and their weight, gender and age. METHOD: The pro-health initiative 'Let's get the kids moving' was created by researchers of the Medical University and the Run for Health Foundation. A total of 655 children (51.5% boys) aged 7 to 10 years from primary schools in south-western Poland participated in the study. The mean age of the subjects was 8.7 ± 0.8 years. In all the children, we assessed anthropometric measurements (weight and height) and the longitudinal and transverse arch of the foot under the load of their weight. A two-dimensional foot scanner (Sensor Medica, Italy) was used to examine the plantar part of the children's feet. RESULTS: The data collected from the 655 subjects revealed that excessive weight predisposed them to less longitudinal and transverse arching. The foot shape was not differentiated by gender or age. CONCLUSIONS: Screening school-aged children's footprints can detect abnormalities in the shape of children's feet early on, which allows for early diagnosis of functional or structural flatfoot in children.
Asunto(s)
Pie Plano , Pie , Masculino , Niño , Humanos , Femenino , Polonia/epidemiología , Pie Plano/diagnóstico , Pie Plano/epidemiología , Instituciones Académicas , EstudiantesRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is observed in almost 100% of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). CF-related CRS treatment is extremely challenging because of the underlying genetic defect leading to its development. CRS in CF is often refractory to standard therapy, while recurrences after surgical treatment are inevitable in the majority of patients. This study provides a precise review of the current knowledge regarding possible therapeutic options for CF-related CRS. METHODS: The Medline and Web of Science databases were searched without a time limit using the terms "cystic fibrosis" in conjunction with "otorhinolaryngological manifestation", "rhinology" and "sinusitis". RESULTS: Precise guidelines for CF-induced CRS therapy are lacking due to the lack of large cohort randomized controlled trials. None of the existing therapeutic agents has already been recommended for CRS in CF. Therapy targeting the underlying genetic defect, intranasal dornase alfa administration, and topical delivery of colistin and tobramycin showed promising results in CF-related CRS therapy. Besides the potential effectiveness of nasal steroids, strong recommendations for their usage in CF have not been provided yet. Systemic corticosteroid usage is controversial due to its potential negative influence on pulmonary disease. Ibuprofen revealed some positive effects on CF-related CRS in molecular and small cohort studies. Intranasal irrigation with saline solutions could relieve sinonasal symptoms. Nasal decongestants are not recommended. Endoscopic sinus surgery is the first-line surgical option for refractory CRS. Extensive surgical approaches should be considered as they could improve long-term outcomes in CRS. CONCLUSION: Further studies are warranted to establish consensus for CF-related CRS therapy.
Asunto(s)
Fibrosis Quística , Rinitis , Sinusitis , Enfermedad Crónica , Fibrosis Quística/complicaciones , Fibrosis Quística/terapia , Humanos , Descongestionantes Nasales/uso terapéutico , Rinitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Rinitis/terapia , Sinusitis/complicaciones , Sinusitis/terapiaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study was carried out to assess whether a prolonged time between primary transurethral resection of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (TURB) and implementation of bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) immunotherapy (time to BCG; TTBCG) is associated with adverse oncological survival in patients with T1 high-grade (HG) non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on 429 patients from 13 tertiary care centers with primary T1HG NMIBC treated with reTURB and maintenance BCG between 2001 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Change-point regression was applied following Muggeo's approach. The population was divided into subgroups according to TTBCG, whereas the recurrence-free survival (RFS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated with log-rank tests. Additionally, Cox regression analyses were performed. Due to differences in baseline patient characteristics, propensity-score-matched analysis (PSM) and inverse-probability weighting (IPW) were implemented. RESULTS: The median TTBCG was 95 days (interquartile range (IQR): 71-127). The change-point regression analysis revealed a gradually increasing risk of recurrence with growing TTBCG. The risk of tumor progression gradually increased until a TTBCG of approximately 18 weeks. When the study population was divided into two subgroups (time intervals: ≤ 101 and > 101 days), statistically significant differences were found for both RFS (p = 0.029) and PFS (p = 0.005). Furthermore, in patients with a viable tumor at reTURB, there were no differences in RFS and PFS. After both PSM and IPW, statistically significant differences were found for both RFS and PFS, with worse results for longer TTBCG. CONCLUSION: This study shows that delaying BCG immunotherapy after TURB of T1HG NMIBC is associated with an increased risk of tumor recurrence and progression.
Asunto(s)
Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/uso terapéutico , Vacuna BCG/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/mortalidad , Anciano , Terapia Combinada , Cistectomía/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Inmunoterapia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Invasividad Neoplásica , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tasa de Supervivencia , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Uretra , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/patología , Neoplasias de la Vejiga Urinaria/cirugíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Otorhinolaryngological manifestations are common symptoms of COVID-19. This study provides a brief and precise review of the current knowledge regarding COVID-19, including disease transmission, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, and potential treatment. The article focused on COVID-19-related information useful in otolaryngologist practice. METHODS: The Medline and Web of Science databases were searched without a time limit using terms "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2" in conjunction with "otorhinolaryngological manifestation", "ENT", and "olfaction". RESULTS: The most common otolaryngological dysfunctions of COVID-19 were cough, sore throat, and dyspnea. Rhinorrhea, nasal congestion and dizziness were also present. COVID-19 could manifest as an isolated sudden hyposmia/anosmia. Upper respiratory tract (URT) symptoms were commonly observed in younger patients and usually appeared initially. They could be present even before the molecular confirmation of SARS-CoV-2. Otolaryngologists are of great risk of becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2 as they cope with URT. ENT surgeons could be easily infected by SARS-CoV-2 during performing surgery in COVID-19 patients. CONCLUSION: Ear, nose and throat (ENT) symptoms may precede the development of severe COVID-19. During COVID-19 pandemic, patients with cough, sore throat, dyspnea, hyposmia/anosmia and a history of travel to the region with confirmed COVID-19 patients, should be considered as potential COVID-19 cases. An otolaryngologist should wear FFP3/N95 mask, glasses, disposable and fluid resistant gloves and gown while examining such individuals. Not urgent ENT surgeries should be postponed. Additional studies analyzing why some patients develop ENT symptoms during COVID-19 and others do not are needed. Further research is needed to determine the mechanism leading to anosmia.
Asunto(s)
Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Otorrinolaringólogos , Pandemias/prevención & control , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Infecciones por Coronavirus/prevención & control , Tos , Humanos , Otolaringología , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Otorrinolaringológicos/normas , Faringitis , Neumonía Viral/prevención & control , Sistema Respiratorio/virología , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
There is limited information on gene expression in the pathogenic spirochaete Leptospira interrogans and genetic mechanisms controlling its virulence. Transcription is the first step in gene expression that is often determined by environmental effects, including infection-induced stresses. Alterations in the environment result in significant changes in the transcription of many genes, allowing effective adaptation of Leptospira to mammalian hosts. Thus, promoter and transcriptional start site identification are crucial for determining gene expression regulation and for the understanding of genetic regulatory mechanisms existing in Leptospira. Here, we characterized the promoter region of the L. interrogans clpB gene (clpBLi) encoding an AAA+ molecular chaperone ClpB essential for the survival of this spirochaete under thermal and oxidative stresses, and also during infection of the host. Primer extension analysis demonstrated that transcription of clpB in L. interrogans initiates at a cytidine located 41 bp upstream of the ATG initiation codon, and, to a lesser extent, at an adenine located 2 bp downstream of the identified site. Transcription of both transcripts was heat-inducible. Determination of clpBLi transcription start site, combined with promoter transcriptional activity assays using a modified two-plasmid system in E. coli, revealed that clpBLi transcription is controlled by the ECF σE factor. Of the ten L. interrogans ECF σ factors, the factor encoded by LIC_12757 (LA0876) is most likely to be the key regulator of clpB gene expression in Leptospira cells, especially under thermal stress. Furthermore, clpB expression may be mediated by ppGpp in Leptospira.
Asunto(s)
Endopeptidasa Clp/genética , Escherichia coli/genética , Leptospira interrogans/genética , Plásmidos/genética , Regiones Promotoras Genéticas/genética , Spirochaetales/genética , Transcripción Genética/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Secuencia de Bases , Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica/genética , Chaperonas Moleculares , Sitio de Iniciación de la Transcripción/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Bacterial ClpB is an ATP-dependent Hsp100 chaperone that reactivates aggregated proteins in cooperation with the DnaK chaperone system and promotes survival of bacteria under stress conditions. A large number of publications also indicate that ClpB supports the virulence of bacteria, including a pathogenic spirochaete Leptospira interrogans responsible for leptospirosis in both animals and humans. However, the exact role of ClpB in bacterial pathogenicity remains poorly characterized. It can be assumed that ClpB, due to its role as the molecular chaperone, mediates refolding of essential bacterial proteins, including the known virulence factors, which may become prone to aggregation under infection-induced stresses. In this study, we identified putative substrates of ClpB from L. interrogans (ClpBLi). For this purpose, we used a proteomic approach combining the ClpB-Trap affinity pull-down assays, Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS/MS), and bioinformatics analyses. Most of the identified proteins were enzymes predominantly associated with major metabolic pathways like the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glycolysis–gluconeogenesis and amino acid and fatty acid metabolism. Based on our proteomic study, we suggest that ClpB can support the virulence of L.interrogans by protecting the conformational integrity and catalytic activity of multiple metabolic enzymes, thus maintaining energy homeostasis in pathogen cells.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Bacterianas/aislamiento & purificación , Endopeptidasa Clp/metabolismo , Leptospira interrogans/enzimología , Proteínas Bacterianas/clasificación , Chaperonas Moleculares/metabolismo , Especificidad por SustratoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Leptospira interrogans is a spirochaete responsible for leptospirosis in mammals. The molecular mechanisms of the Leptospira virulence remain mostly unknown. Recently, it has been demonstrated that L. interrogans ClpB (ClpBLi) is essential for bacterial survival under stressful conditions and also during infection. The aim of this study was to provide further insight into the role of ClpB in L. interrogans and answer the question whether ClpBLi as a potential virulence factor may be a target of the humoral immune response during leptospiral infections in mammals. RESULTS: ClpBLi consists of 860 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular mass of 96.3 kDa and shows multi-domain organization similar to that of the well-characterized ClpB from Escherichia coli. The amino acid sequence identity between ClpBLi and E. coli ClpB is 52 %. The coding sequence of the clpB Li gene was cloned and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) strain. Immunoreactivity of the recombinant ClpBLi protein was assessed with the sera collected from Leptospira-infected animals and uninfected healthy controls. Western blotting and ELISA analysis demonstrated that ClpBLi activates the host immune system, as evidenced by an increased level of antibodies against ClpBLi in the sera from infected animals, as compared to the control group. Additionally, ClpBLi was found in kidney tissues of Leptospira-infected hamsters. CONCLUSIONS: ClpBLi is both synthesized and immunogenic during the infectious process, further supporting its involvement in the pathogenicity of Leptospira. In addition, the immunological properties of ClpBLi point to its potential value as a diagnostic antigen for the detection of leptospirosis.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas Bacterianas/inmunología , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/inmunología , Leptospira interrogans/inmunología , Leptospirosis/veterinaria , Chaperonas Moleculares/inmunología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Anticuerpos Antibacterianos/sangre , Antígenos Bacterianos/inmunología , Proteínas de la Membrana Bacteriana Externa/genética , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Clonación Molecular , Cricetinae , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Endopeptidasa Clp , Escherichia coli/genética , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/genética , Proteínas de Escherichia coli/inmunología , Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/aislamiento & purificación , Inmunidad Humoral , Riñón/anatomía & histología , Riñón/patología , Leptospira interrogans/genética , Leptospirosis/sangre , Leptospirosis/inmunología , Leptospirosis/microbiología , Chaperonas Moleculares/genética , Chaperonas Moleculares/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Análisis de Secuencia de Proteína , Factores de Virulencia/genética , Factores de Virulencia/inmunologíaRESUMEN
Overproduction of heterologous proteins in bacterial systems often results in the formation of insoluble inclusion bodies (IBs), which is a major impediment in biochemical research and biotechnology. In principle, the activity of molecular chaperones could be employed to gain control over the IB formation and to improve the recombinant protein yields, but the potential of each of the major bacterial chaperones (DnaK/J, GroEL/ES, and ClpB) to process IBs has not been fully established yet. We investigated the formation of inclusion bodies (IBs) of two aggregation-prone proteins, VP1LAC and VP1GFP, overproduced in Escherichiacoli in the presence and absence of the chaperone ClpB. We found that both ClpB isoforms, ClpB95 and ClpB80 accumulated in E. coli cells during the production of IBs. The amount of IB proteins increased in the absence of ClpB. ClpB supported the resolubilization and reactivation of the aggregated VP1LAC and VP1GFP in E. coli cells. The IB disaggregation was optimal in the presence of both ClpB95 and ClpB80. Our results indicate an essential role of ClpB in controlling protein aggregation and inclusion body formation in bacteria.
Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/metabolismo , Cuerpos de Inclusión/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/metabolismo , Proteínas de la Cápside/genética , Proteínas de la Cápside/metabolismo , Endopeptidasa Clp , Escherichia coli/genética , Virus de la Fiebre Aftosa , Galactosidasas/genética , Galactosidasas/metabolismo , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes/genética , Proteínas Fluorescentes Verdes/metabolismo , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismo , Proteínas Recombinantes de Fusión/genéticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Fatigue can be the result of overexertion and overload. It occurs when the burdened body does not have enough time for regeneration and biological renewal. The aim of this study was analysis of fatigue based on the subjective feeling in physiotherapists, nurses, and paramedics. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The research covered 193 women and 107 men aged 30-60 years, including 100 physiotherapists, 100 nurses and 100 paramedics with higher education, employed in clinics and hospitals in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Poland. The research tool of choice was 30-item Research Committee on Industrial Fatigue Fatigue Scale, adapted into the Polish language by Paluch. The data were analyzed based on ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's rank correlation. RESULTS: Values determining frequency of decrease in activity were higher in nurses than in physiotherapists (p < 0.001) and paramedics (p = 0.005). Physiotherapists and nurses showed statistically significant positive associations of all fatigue indices with age and seniority. Sex-related differences in the frequency of physical fatigue symptoms have been noted (p = 0.044). Among people working in outpatient clinics and hospitals there were statistically significant differences in the frequency of decrease in activity (p = 0.001) and general level of fatigue (p = 0.031). CONCLUSIONS: In nurses and physiotherapists, the frequency of experiencing ailments increases with age and work experience. This suggests that in the case of these professions it is important to quick identification of signs of fatigue and taking actions to prevent its worsening. Women experience fatigue more often, so they especially need to take steps to prevent and, if necessary, treat this condition. Hospitals should be an area of special involvement in the process of implementing programs to counteract fatigue of employees in the medical services sector. Int J Occup Med Environ Health. 2024;37(1):72-83.
Asunto(s)
Emociones , Fatiga , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Polonia , OcupacionesRESUMEN
High levels of economic inflation can adversely affect societies and individuals in many ways. Although numerous studies explore the health implications of macroeconomic factors, systematic investigation of the inflation-health nexus has been scarce. We conducted a comprehensive scoping review mapping the literature on inflation and health. From 8923 screened records, 69 empirical studies were analysed. These studies explored a wide range of health-related risk factors (eg, diet, substance use, stress, and violence) and outcomes (eg, life expectancy, mortality, suicidal behaviour, and mental health) linked to inflation, across diverse contexts and timeframes. The findings suggest a predominantly negative effect of inflation on health, with specific socioeconomic groups facing greater risks. Our Review uncovers notable gaps in the literature, particularly in geographical coverage, methodological approaches, and specific health outcomes. Among global socioeconomic and geopolitical shifts, understanding and mitigating the health effects of inflation is of contemporary relevance and merits thorough academic attention.
Asunto(s)
Salud Global , Humanos , Estado de Salud , Factores Socioeconómicos , EconomíaRESUMEN
Benzosiloxaboroles are an emerging class of medicinal agents possessing promising antimicrobial activity. Herein, the expedient synthesis of two novel thiol-functionalized benzosiloxaboroles 1e and 2e is reported. The presence of the SH group allowed for diverse structural modifications involving the thiol-Michael addition, oxidation, as well as nucleophilic substitution giving rise to a series of 27 new benzosiloxaboroles containing various polar functional groups, e.g., carbonyl, ester, amide, imide, nitrile, sulfonyl and sulfonamide, and pendant heterocyclic rings. The activity of the obtained compounds against selected bacterial and yeast strains, including multidrug-resistant clinical strains, was investigated. Compounds 6, 12, 20 and 22-24 show high activity against Staphylococcus aureus, including both methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains, with MIC values in the range of 1.56-12.5 µg mL-1, while their cytotoxicity is relatively low. The in vitro assay performed with 2-(phenylsulfonyl)ethylthio derivative 20 revealed that, in contrast to the majority of known antibacterial oxaboroles, the plausible mechanism of antibacterial action, involving inhibition of the leucyl-tRNA synthetase enzyme, is not responsible for the antibacterial activity. Structural bioinformatic analysis involving molecular dynamics simulations provided a possible explanation for this finding.
RESUMEN
Background: Pediatric paranasal rhinosinusitis is one of the more common pediatric diseases of the upper respiratory tract and it entails significant morbidity. Most commonly, it is caused by a viral infection of the nasal mucosa, which spreads through the natural passages within the cavities of the paranasal sinuses, leading to inflammation of the mucosa that lines the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. Methods: The objective of this cohort study was to assess whether there is a correlation between pediatric rhinosinusitis, physical activity, and selected dietary habits among pupils aged 6 to 16 years from elementary schools in Wroclaw, Poland. This study - as part of the pro-health program "Let us Get the Kids Moving" - is also aimed at establishing factors that potentially predispose children to developing RS. The survey study was conducted on a group of 2,458 children and adolescents from elementary schools in Wroclaw. The age of the examined children ranged from 6 to 17 years (mean = 10.8 years; standard deviation = 2.7). Results: Rhinosinusitis was more common in the children aged 13-17 years than in those aged 6-9 years (6.4% vs. 1.5%; p < 0.001) or 10-12 years (6.4 vs. 2.6%; p < 0.001). The study revealed a significant positive correlation between rhinosinusitis development and several variables: age > 11 years, attending swimming classes fewer than 1-2 times a week, using a computer, consuming milk, salty snacks, and carbonated sweet drinks, consuming fruit fewer than 1-2 times a week, not attending physical education classes, eating fewer than 4 meals, and not eating breakfast at home (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It is of great importance to establish preventive measures against recurrent upper respiratory tract infections that may predispose children to rhinosinusitis. Introducing healthier, traditional dietary habits and regular physical activity in children and adolescents may result in normal and adequate immune response and proper functioning of the inflammatory control system.
Asunto(s)
Rinosinusitis , Humanos , Adolescente , Niño , Autoinforme , Estudios de Cohortes , Ejercicio Físico , Conducta AlimentariaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Participating in physical activity (PA) is essential for children's proper development. Promoting physical activity from early school years is considered a highly important prevention task for good health. The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of PA and sedentary behavior of children and adolescents aged 6-17 years attending primary and junior high schools in Wroclaw, Lower Silesia, Poland. The study assessed the frequency of various forms of PA and sedentary behavior in children and adolescents. The age differences in PA and sedentary behavior in the cohort studied was also analyzed. DESIGN: Survey study to assess children's and adolescents' physical activity and sedentary behavior were based on a parent-reported questionnaire. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 2913 children and adolescents aged 6-17 years (average age, 11.38 years) from Wroclaw, Poland, who participated in a pro-health campaign "Let's Get the Kids Moving." This project promotes a healthy lifestyle among primary and middle school students. RESULTS: The frequency of physical activity significantly decreased as children grew older (p < 0.0001). As many as 18.6% of adolescents 13-17 years old undertook the recommended level of physical activity less than once a week. Time spent in front of the television or computer by pupils in group 3 was longer than in younger children (p < 0.0001). Nearly 19% of adolescents (13-17 years old) spent 5 h or more daily in a sitting position in front of the television or computer on weekends. CONCLUSIONS: Polish children and adolescents do not spend the recommended level of time on physical activity and spend excessive time in front of the television and other electronic devices. The level of physical activity decreases as the number of hours spent in a sitting position increases with increasing age. Actions should be taken to avoid the long-term consequences of these behaviors.
Asunto(s)
Ejercicio Físico , Conducta Sedentaria , Humanos , Adolescente , Niño , Polonia , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , TelevisiónRESUMEN
Introduction: Childhood overweight and obesity have become a global problem in the past three decades. There are very few studies which examine the correlation between body mass index (BMI) and the development of otorhinolaryngological diseases in children. The objective of the study was to determine the association between overweight or obesity in children and the occurrence of otorhinolaryngological diseases. Material and methods: The survey study was based on a parent-reported multidisciplinary questionnaire on children's medical status among elementary and junior high school children in the city of Wroclaw, the capital city of Poland's Lower Silesia region. The children were taking part in the pro-health campaign "Let's Get the Kids Moving". Results: The study was conducted among 2,913 children. A statistically significant correlation was observed between the assessment of the children's BMI and the occurrence of adenoid hypertrophy. Adenoid hypertrophy was more common in the overweight and obese children. The children with adenoid hypertrophy had higher BMI than the children without adenoid hypertrophy. There was a statistically significant correlation between BMI and the incidence of adenoidectomy. There was a statistically significant correlation between BMI and the incidence of tonsillectomy. Conclusions: The development and introduction of preventive programs like "Let's Get the Kids Moving" in the future will contribute to building a healthier society. The study findings suggest that primal prevention may lead to a decrease in the development of otorhinolaryngological diseases. We also showed that higher body mass correlates with higher prevalence of otorhinolaryngological diseases. Further studies are needed to establish the etiopathology of this association.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Balanced nutrition is crucial for adolescent's proper physical and mental development. Dietary habits change significantly with a child's development. Along with increasing age and the shift towards adolescence, unhealthy diet-related habits become more common. The objective of the survey study was to determine the differences in nutritional habits between children and adolescents according to their age and body mass index (BMI). METHODS: "Let's get the kids moving" campaign (pol. "Uruchamiamy dzieciaki") was launched in 2016. Within the campaign, the survey study was conducted in 2913 participants between 6 and 17 years old from primary and junior high schools in Wroclaw (Poland). The survey was anonymous, and its supplement was voluntary. Participants were divided into age groups. The study group of 2913 consisted of 29.8% of 6-9-year-olds, 32.7% of 10-12-year-olds, and 37.5% of 13-17-year-olds. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and further interpreted as a BMI z-scores depending on children's age and gender. RESULTS: A total of 19.3% of participants consumed 3 meals a day or less. Children from the oldest age group (13-17) consumed statistically significantly fewer meals per day than younger children (p < 0.001). Children from the oldest age group (13-17) consumed breakfast statistically less often than children of age group 10-12 years (75.0% vs. 83.6%; p < 0.001) and children of age group 6-9 years (75.0% vs. 84.0%; p < 0.001). Severely thin children consumed breakfast significantly more often than overweight (85.8% vs. 76.3%; p = 0.004) and children with obesity (85.8% vs. 75.9%; p = 0.021). Children with obesity consumed vegetables significantly less often than severely thin (p < 0.008), thin (p < 0.001), and children with normal body weight (p < 0.007). The oldest children (13-17 years) consumed Coca-Cola and SSB (p < 0.001) and fruit-flavored beverages (p < 0.05) significantly more often than children from other age groups. Boys consumed carbonated beverages with added sugar significantly more often than girls (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Unhealthy diet-related behaviors in children and adolescents may promote overweight and obesity and should be targeted in health promotion programs. Special attention should be paid to 13-17-year-olds, as adolescents from this group made more unhealthy choices than younger children.
Asunto(s)
Conducta Alimentaria , Sobrepeso , Adolescente , Índice de Masa Corporal , Niño , Dieta , Femenino , Hábitos , Humanos , Masculino , Obesidad , Sobrepeso/epidemiología , Sobrepeso/etiología , Polonia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Two isomeric benzosiloxaborole derivatives 3a and 5a bearing fluorine and 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolin-2-yl substituents attached to the aromatic rings were obtained. Both compounds were prone to hydrolytic cleavage of the oxazoline ring after initial protonation or methylation of the nitrogen atom. The derivative 3c featuring N-methylammoniumalkyl ester functionality was successfully subjected to N-sulfonylation and N-acylation reactions to give respective derivatives which demonstrates its potential for modular synthesis of structurally extended benzosiloxaboroles. Compound 5c bearing N-ammoniumalkyl ester underwent conversion to a unique macrocyclic dimer due to siloxaborole ring opening. Furthermore, an unexpected 4-electron reduction of the oxazoline ring occurred during an attempted synthesis of 5a. The reaction gave rise to an unprecedented 7-membered heterocyclic system 4a comprising a relatively stable B-O-B-O-Si linkage and stabilized by an intramolecular N-B coordination. It could be cleaved to derivative 4c bearing BOH and SiMe2OH groups which acts as a pseudo-diol as demonstrated by formation of an adduct with Tavaborole. Apart from the multinuclear NMR spectroscopy characterization, crystal structures of the obtained products were determined in many cases by X-ray diffraction. Investigation of biological activity of the obtained compounds revealed that derivatives 3e and 3f with pendant N-methyl arylsulfonamide groups exhibit high activity against Gram-positive cocci such as methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) ATCC 43300 as well as the MRSA clinical strains, with MIC values in the range of 3.12-6.25 mg L-1. These two compounds also showed activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and Enterococcus faecium ATCC 6057 (with MICs of 25-50 mg L-1). The results of the antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity studies indicate that 3e and 3f can be considered as potential antibacterial agents, especially against S. aureus MRSA.
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Carrying a properly weighted schoolbag is an important factor in preventing the occurrence of muscular skeletal disorder in early school age children. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this cross- sectional observational study was to examine the schoolbag weight and to determine the percentage of children were carrying overloaded schoolbag. METHODS: The study group included pupils from five primary public schools in Wroclaw, Poland. Anthropometrical measurements such body weight (BW) and height were conducted on 650 children (51.1% of boys). Children's age, gender, Cole's Index was juxtaposed with schoolbag weight. The mean age of the examined students was 8.7±0.8 years (range 7 to 10 years). RESULTS: The mean schoolbags weight was 3.7±0.92âkg, which represented 13.0±3.8% of pupils' BW. The percentage of pupils carry the schoolbags weighing more than 10% of their BW was 77.9%. More than a quarter of Polish children carry school backpack above 15% of their BW. The majority (96.8%) had schoolbags which may be carried on both shoulders. A significant negative correlation was observed between relative schoolbag weight and Cole's Index (rhoâ=â-0.44, pâ<â0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The problem of overloaded schoolbags among elementary school children was frequent. Pupils ought to be educated in the proper packing of their school backpacks. Additionally, parents and teachers should pay attention regarding the contents carried by children in their respective schoolbags.
Asunto(s)
Estudiantes , Peso Corporal , Niño , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Masculino , Polonia , Soporte de PesoRESUMEN
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides (AAV) are a group of necrotizing multiorgan autoimmune vasculitides that predominantly affect small blood vessels and are associated with the presence of ANCAs. The aim was to assess regulatory and effector cell populations accompanied by the suPAR biomarker level and link the so-defined immune state to the AAV disease activity. The research involved a multicomponent description of an immune state encompassing a range of B and T cell subsets such as transitional/regulatory B cells (CD19+CD24++CD38++), naïve B cells (CD19+CD24INTCD38INT), Th17 cells, T regulatory cells (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+) and cytotoxic CD4+CD28- cells by flow cytometry. The suPAR plasma level was measured by ELISA. The results indicate that AAV is associated with an increased suPAR plasma level and immune fingerprint characterized by an expansion of Th17 cells and T cells lacking the costimulatory molecule CD28, accompanied by a decrease of regulatory populations (Tregs and transitional B cells) and NK cells. Decreased numbers of regulatory T cells and transitional B cells were shown to be linked to activation of the AAV disease while the increased suPAR plasma level-to AAV-related deterioration of kidney function. The observed immune fingerprint might be a reflection of peripheral tolerance failure responsible for development and progression of ANCA-associated vasculitides.