Nurses' adherence to patient safety protocols and its relationship with adverse patient events.

INTRODUCTION: Ensuring patient safety is a critical component of healthcare delivery, and nurses play a vital role in adhering to patient safety protocols to prevent adverse events. However, studies linking nurses' adherence to these protocols with patient outcomes is scarce. This study has two-fold purposes: (1) to examine determinants of nurses' adherence to patient safety protocols, and (2) to investigate the relationship between nurses' adherence to patient safety protocols and adverse patient events. DESIGN: A cross-sectional design. METHODS: A total of 343 clinical nurses from five hospitals in the Philippines were included in this study. Two standardized scales were used to collect data, including the Patient Safety Adherence Scale and the Adverse Patient Events Scale. Data collection took place from April 2022 to August 2022. RESULTS: Adherence to patient safety protocols was generally moderate to high (M = 4.483), while nurse-reported adverse events occurred at a lower frequency (M = 1.150). Lower adherence rates were identified in areas such as reporting safety errors (M = 3.950), conducting fall risk assessments (M = 4.299), and adhering to pressure ulcer prevention guidelines (M = 3.979). Patients' and their families' complaints (M = 2.129) and abuses (M = 1.475) were the most frequently reported adverse events. Increased adherence to safety protocols was associated with higher reporting of adverse patient events (ß = 0.115, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Higher adherence to patient safety protocols resulted in an increased reporting of adverse patient events. The factors identified that contributed to nurses' adherence to patient safety protocols can be utilized in the development of strategies aimed at improving compliance, especially in areas where adherence is currently low. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Healthcare organizations should prioritize efforts to enhance adherence to patient safety protocols, particularly in areas with lower compliance rates, through relevant trainings, resource provision, and support systems. Promoting a culture of open communication and reporting can significantly contribute to reducing adverse events and improving patient safety.

The role of nurses' adherence to clinical safety guidelines in linking nurse practice environment to missed nursing care.

INTRODUCTION: While the nurse practice environment's vital role in shaping patient care outcomes is well established, the precise mechanisms through which it influences missed nursing care remain unexplored. Hence, this study examined the mediating role of adherence to clinical safety guidelines in the relationship between the nurse practice environment and missed nursing care. METHODS: This descriptive, cross-sectional study involved 1237 nurses from 11 governorates in the Sultanate of Oman. Data were collected using three standardized scales: the Patient Safety Adherence Scale, the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index, and the Missed Nursing Care Scale. RESULTS: A favorable nurse practice environment was associated with higher adherence to clinical safety guidelines (ß = 2.492, p < 0.001) and a lower frequency of missed nursing care (ß = -0.2919, p = 0.015). Adherence to clinical safety guidelines partially mediated the relationship between the nurse practice environment and missed nursing care (ß = -0.055, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Enhancing the nurse practice environment plays a crucial role in improving nurses' adherence to clinical safety guidelines, which in turn reduces compromised nursing care. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Healthcare administrators and policymakers should prioritize improving working conditions to enhance nurses' adherence to clinical safety guidelines, thereby minimizing the occurrence of missed care and improving overall patient outcomes.

Determinants of Nurse Managers' Transformational Leadership: The Role of Individual Unit and Organizational Characteristics.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between various factors and self-perceived transformational leadership among a sample of Filipino nurse managers (NMs). BACKGROUND: Transformational leadership plays a crucial role in promoting positive outcomes in healthcare settings, particularly for NMs. Understanding the factors that influence NMs' self-perceived transformational leadership is essential for improving leadership practices and enhancing organizational effectiveness. METHODS: A cross-sectional research design was used to collect data from 260 NMs using standardized measures. RESULTS: Employment status, the number of units managed, the type of hospital employment, psychological distress, and job satisfaction were factors that significantly influenced their leadership perceptions. CONCLUSION: By addressing the identified factors, nursing organizations can create an environment that promotes effective leadership practices, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes, staff satisfaction, and overall organizational performance.

Stress as a mediator between abusive supervision and clinical nurses' work outcomes.

AIMS: This study aimed to test whether stress could mediate the association between abusive supervision and nurses' work engagement, absenteeism, and turnover intention. BACKGROUND: Abusive supervision has been attributed to suboptimal work performance and reduced productivity among employees in different sectors. While existing nursing literature links abusive supervision to a wide range of work-related outcomes in the nursing workforce, little is known regarding the mechanism underlying this relationship. DESIGN: Data for this descriptive study were collected from 770 direct-care nurses from seven acute care hospitals in the Philippines, utilizing five standardized scales. RESULTS: Abusive supervision had direct positive effects on absenteeism (ß = .189, p < .001) and intent to leave (ß = .138, p < .001) and a direct negative effect on job engagement (ß = -.131, p < .001). The relationships between abusive supervision and absenteeism (ß = .175, p < .001), intent to leave (ß = .131, p < .001), and work engagement (ß = -.122, p < .001) were partially mediated by stress. CONCLUSIONS: Stress mediated the relationship between abusive supervision and nurses' work outcomes, including turnover intention, absenteeism, and work disengagement. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: The evident connection between abusive supervision, stress, and work-related outcomes underscores the importance of focusing on enhancing managerial supervisory styles as a potential organizational strategy to enhance staff retention and well-being.

Leadership Styles and Nurses' Innovative Behaviors: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE: In an increasingly competitive healthcare climate, ensuring an innovative nursing workforce is essential for organizational success and survival. BACKGROUND: The authors aimed to evaluate the literature examining the association between leadership styles and innovative behaviors in the nursing workforce. METHODS: A systematic review of articles from 5 databases was conducted from August 2022 to October 2022. RESULTS: A total of 21 articles published in the English language were included in the review. This study provides evidence for the vital role of "relationship-oriented" leadership styles in fostering innovative behaviors among nurses. However, more research is needed to examine how "task-oriented" leadership styles contribute to innovativeness in nurses. Twelve mediators linking leadership styles to healthcare workers' innovative behaviors were identified and clustered into motivation-based, relation-based, and affective mediators. CONCLUSION: Organizational strategies to foster relationship-based leadership styles among healthcare leaders are vital to support nurses' innovative behaviors.

Problematic internet use and psychological distress among student nurses: The mediating role of coping skills.

Problematic internet use has become a growing concern among student nurses, posing potential risks to their well-being and academic performance. Yet, the extent to which coping skills can help alleviate the adverse effects of problematic internet use on the psychological well-being of student nurses remains largely understudied. This study examined the mediating role of coping skills in the relationship between problematic internet use and psychological distress among student nurses. This cross-sectional study was conducted to collect data from 279 student nurses enrolled in a public-funded nursing school. Mediation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS Macro with Model 4. Findings showed that student nurses reported moderate levels of problematic internet use with a mean score of 2.233 (SD = 0.765). Several factors strongly predicted problematic internet, including being on the 3rd year of education (ß = -0.261, p < 0.001), having an average academic performance (ß = 0.184, p = 0.006), and using the internet for <3 h per day (ß = -0.304, p < 0.001). Problematic internet use was significantly associated with increased psychological distress (ß = 0.1791, p < 0.01). Coping skills were found to mediate the relationship between problematic internet use and psychological distress (ß = 0.0160, SE = 0.0095). Overall, this study sheds light on the determinants of problematic internet use among student nurses and its negative impact on psychological well-being. By addressing problematic internet use and promoting healthy coping mechanisms, nursing education can better prepare student nurses to maintain their well-being and academic performance in the digital age.

Linking Toxic Leadership With Work Satisfaction and Psychological Distress in Emergency Nurses: The Mediating Role of Work-Family Conflict.

INTRODUCTION: Toxic leadership is a prevalent issue within health care organizations, including emergency departments. No studies have been found specifically examining these issues among emergency nurses. This study examined the mediating effects of work-family conflict on the relationship between toxic leadership behaviors of nurse managers and psychological distress and work satisfaction among emergency nurses. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was used to gather data from 285 Filipino emergency nurses, using 4 validated measures. Mediation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS Macro with Model 4. RESULTS: Toxic leadership had a direct negative effect on work satisfaction (ß = -0.3313, P<.001) and a direct positive effect on psychological distress (ß = 0.0945, P = .0491). Work-family conflict partially mediated the relationship between toxic leadership and both psychological distress (ß = 0.0217, SE = .0141, 95% CI = 0.0002-0.0538) and work satisfaction (ß = -0.0438, SE = 0.0216, 95% CI = -0.0884 to -0.0049). DISCUSSION: The study findings highlighted the negative influence of toxic leadership behaviors on the overall work satisfaction and psychological well-being of emergency nurses. In addition, this study identified work-family conflict as a mechanism that explained how the toxic leadership behaviors of nurse managers influenced the psychological well-being and job satisfaction of emergency nurses. The results of this study underscore the need for interventions and strategies to address toxic leadership and mitigate the negative consequences it poses to emergency nurses' well-being.

The impact of job burnout on nurses' caring behaviors: Exploring the mediating role of work engagement and job motivation.

AIM: To investigate the influence of job burnout on nurses' caring behaviors, with a specific focus on the serial mediating role of work engagement and job motivation. BACKGROUND: Job burnout is a prevalent issue among nurses and poses significant challenges to their ability to deliver compassionate care. However, the underlying mechanisms that explain the relationship between job burnout and nurses' caring behaviors, which could provide valuable insights for developing targeted interventions and strategies to support nurse well-being and ensure the consistent provision of compassionate care, remain underexplored. METHODS: A cross-sectional design was used to gather data from 520 clinical nurses working in various acute healthcare settings in the Philippines. Mediation analyses were conducted using the PROCESS Macro with Model 6. RESULTS: Nurses exhibited high levels of caring behaviors (M = 4.219); however, they experienced moderate levels of job burnout (M = 2.342). Job burnout had a negative effect (ß = -0.0603, p = 0.0482) on nurses' caring behaviors. Work engagement and job motivation sequentially mediated the relationship between job burnout and nurse caring behaviors (ß = -0.0126, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Higher levels of job burnout were associated with a decreased demonstration of nurses' caring behaviors. Job burnout among nurses led to a decrease in their level of work engagement and job motivation, ultimately impacting their ability to provide caring behaviors to patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: Organizations should prioritize creating a positive work environment and implementing theory-driven strategies to address job burnout, which can foster work engagement and job motivation among nurses, thereby providing crucial support for them in delivering high-quality, compassionate care to patients.

COVID-19 phobia, loneliness, and dropout intention among nursing students: the mediating role of social support and coping.

The coronavirus outbreak led to many students' experiencing tremendous fear, resulting in numerous psychological and mental health issues, and potentially impacting academic outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of coping and social support on the relationships between COVID-19 phobia, loneliness, and the intention to abandon nursing education in students. An online survey using a cross-sectional research design was used. A total of 301 full-time student nurses from the Philippines who were currently registered in a nursing programme were included. Nearly half 40.8% (n = 127) of the nursing students were found to experience COVID-19 phobia. COVID-19 phobia had direct positive effects on loneliness (ß = 0.210, p < .001) and intention to abandon nursing education (ß = 0.293, p < .001). Social support and coping had partial mediating effects on the association between COVID-19 phobia and loneliness and the intention to abandon nursing education. COVID-19 phobia was associated with increased loneliness and greater desires to abandon nursing studies in students. However, by providing adequate social support and coping, the negative effects of the pandemic on nursing students' outcome were reduced, resulting in decreased loneliness and improved student retention.

Transformational leadership as a mediator between work-family conflict, nurse-reported patient safety outcomes, and job engagement.

PURPOSE: Work-family conflict (WFC) is an important issue in nursing administration and management that is associated with reduced work effectiveness and patient safety issues. To date, very few studies have attempted to explain the mechanisms underlying these relationships. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of work-family conflict (WFC) on patient safety outcomes and job engagement via the intermediary role of transformational leadership (TL). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. METHODS: Seven hundred fifty-four nurses from 10 acute care hospitals in the Philippines were included in this cross-sectional study. FINDINGS: A higher perception of WFC was associated with increased adverse events, reduced quality of care and decreased job engagement. WFC was indirectly associated with quality of care, adverse events and job engagement through the intermediary of TL. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study underscore the important role of nurse managers' TL in sustaining work-family balance and, in turn, improving patient safety outcomes and enhancing job engagement among nurses. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Institutional measures to foster patient safety outcomes and sustain the nursing workforce should involve enhancing nurse managers' leadership behaviors through theory-driven interventions, periodic leadership assessment, and implementation of leadership development activities. WFC may be addressed by creating empowering work conditions, providing adequate coaching and mentorship to nurses, and implementing work-family friendly policies in the workplace.

Nurses' job burnout and its association with work environment, empowerment and psychological stress during COVID-19 pandemic.

AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the influence of perceived work environment, empowerment and psychological stress on job burnout among nurses working at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. BACKGROUND: Nurses experienced high levels of job burnout during the pandemic, which impacted their mental health and well-being. Studies investigating the influence of work environment, empowerment and stress on burnout during the time of COVID-19 are limited. DESIGN: The study utilized a cross-sectional design. METHODS: Data were collected from 351 nurses in Oman between January and March 2021. The Maslach Burnout Inventory, the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index, the Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale were used to assess study variables. RESULTS: About two-thirds of the nurses (65.6%) reported high levels of job burnout. Nurse managers' ability, leadership and support; staffing and resources adequacy; and nurses' access to support were significant factors associated with a reduced level of burnout. CONCLUSION: Supporting nurses during the crisis, ensuring adequate staffing levels and providing sufficient resources are critical to lower job burnout. Creating a positive and empowered work environment is vital to enhance nurses' retention during the pandemic.

Turnover intention and coronaphobia among frontline nurses during the second surge of COVID-19: The mediating role of social support and coping skills.

BACKGROUND: Turnover among frontline health care workers, particularly nurses, reached an alarming rate during the COVID-19 pandemic. This turnover has been attributed, in part, to excessive fear of the virus (a condition called coronaphobia). Studies have not yet been conducted examining whether social support and coping skills could act as buffers between coronaphobia and the intention to leave. AIM: To examine the relationship between coronaphobia and frontline nurses' organisational and professional turnover intention and to assess whether social support and coping skills can buffer this relationship. METHODS: A correlational research design was used to collect responses through an online questionnaire from a convenience sample of 687 frontline nurses from the Central Philippines. Data were analyzed using descriptive (mean, standard deviation and percentages) and inferential statistics (t test, Pearson r correlation coefficient, ANOVA and multiple linear regression). RESULTS: More than half of the frontline nurses experienced coronaphobia, while 25.8% reported a desire to leave their job and 20.7% reported a desire to leave their profession. Coronaphobia had direct significant effects on nurses' organisational (ß = .424, p < .001) and professional turnover intention (ß = .316, p < .001). Social support and coping skills partially mediated the relationship between organisational (ß = .365, p < .001; ß = .362, p < .001) and professional turnover intention (ß = .279, p < .001; ß = .289, p < .001). CONCLUSION: Frontline nurses who experienced coronaphobia were more likely to quit their job and the nursing profession. Increasing nurses' social support and enhancing their coping skills reduced the negative effects of coronaphobia, resulting in improved nurse retention. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Institutional approaches to reduce coronaphobia and turnover intention during the pandemic can be facilitated by improving social support through innovative approaches (e.g., use of technology and social media) and equipping nurses with positive coping skills through coping skills training and other empirically based coping skill-building interventions.

Interprofessional collaboration as a mediator in the relationship between nurse work environment, patient safety outcomes and job satisfaction among nurses.

BACKGROUND: As an important organisational feature, the nurse work environment has been associated with increased work effectiveness, reduced patient safety issues and improved care quality. However, the mechanism underlying this association remains unexplored. AIM: This study aims to assess the mediating role of interprofessional collaboration in the relationships between nurse work environment, select patient safety outcomes and job satisfaction. METHODS: This cross-sectional, descriptive study used five standardized scales and included 881 clinical nurses employed in select teaching hospitals in Oman. RESULTS: Nurses who worked in teaching hospitals in Oman perceived their work environment as highly favourable. Nurse work environment was directly and indirectly associated with nurse-assessed quality of care, adverse patient events and job satisfaction, through interprofessional collaborations. CONCLUSION: Findings of the study suggest that enhancing nurse work environments can be a potential strategy to foster interprofessional collaboration and improve job satisfaction and patient safety outcomes. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: Organisational strategies to improve patient safety outcomes and job satisfaction in nurses can be facilitated by improving nurses' work conditions and enhancing interprofessional collaboration through supportive leadership, theory-driven approaches, obtaining hospital accreditation/certification and relevant workplace policies.

Factors associated with missed nursing care and nurse-assessed quality of care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus outbreak has brought unprecedented pressures to many health care systems worldwide, potentially compromising nursing care delivery and overall health care services. AIMS: This study identified factors that contributed to missed nursing care and nurse-assessed quality of care during the coronavirus pandemic. METHODS: This study employed a cross-sectional research design using an online survey. Survey respondents were 295 frontline nurses from the Central Region of the Philippines. RESULTS: Missed care occurred at a low level, with "adequate patient surveillance" as the most often missed nursing care activity. Hospital facility size, nurse staffing levels, and patient safety culture predicted missed nursing care. Personal protective equipment adequacy, nurse staffing levels, and patient safety culture were identified as predictors of quality of care. CONCLUSION: Frontline nurses tended to miss clinical aspects of nursing care during the pandemic. Modifying elements of the work environment, including nurse staffing levels, safety culture, and adequacy of protective equipment, may reduce care compromise and improve the quality of nursing care. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: By addressing the identified predictors, nurse managers could effectively develop appropriate interventions to support the professional role of nurses and ensure the delivery of complete, safe, and quality nursing care during the pandemic.

Linking nurse practice environment, safety climate and job dimensions to missed nursing care.

AIM: This study examined the aspects of the nurse practice environment and patient safety climate and the various job dimensions that contribute to the occurrence of missed nursing care. BACKGROUND: Missed nursing care is a crucial healthcare concern that poses significant threats to patient safety. The available literature on missed nursing care is confined to high-resource nations, where hospital policies, mechanisms and processes to support professional nursing practice are well established. METHODS: This is a multi-centre, cross-sectional study, using self-report scales, which involves 624 clinical nurses in selected hospitals in the Philippines. RESULTS: Patient safety climate (ß = -0.148, p = 0.001), decision authority (ß = -0.101, p = 0.018) and staffing/resource adequacy (ß = -0.086, p = 0.014) significantly predicted missed nursing care. Nurse, unit and hospital variables were not related with missed nursing care. DISCUSSION: Nurses who perceived greater decision authority, positive safety climate and adequate staffing/resources were less likely to miss or omit patient care activities. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING AND HEALTH POLICY: Institutional measures to foster decision authority in nurses, improve safety climate and address staffing/resource issues can be a viable solution to reduce the occurrence of missed nursing care.

Effects of mobile text messaging on breast cancer and breast self-examination (BSE) knowledge, BSE self-efficacy, and BSE frequency: a randomised controlled trial.

AIMS: Educating women regarding breast cancer and increasing breast self-examination uptake continues to remain a major challenge despite the intensive campaigns. An innovative, cost-effective and easily customised intervention is needed especially in under-resourced and hard to reach communities. This paper is a report examining the effects of mobile text messaging on women's knowledge of breast cancer and BSE, BSE self-efficacy and frequency of BSE. METHODS: A randomised controlled trial design was used. The study sample consisted of 128 women of reproductive age (WRA) (64 in the experimental group and 64 in the control group) from two communities in the Philippines during the months of August to October 2018. Three to five short messages were sent to the participants in the experimental group daily for one month while the control group did not receive the messages. RESULTS: Women who received mobile text messages had higher knowledge of breast cancer (F = 21.756, p = 0.001) and breast self-examination (F = 6.776, p = 0.010) than the control group. However, no significant improvements were seen in the BSE self-efficacy (F = 1.446, p = 0.232) and frequency of BSE (F = 3.374, p = 0.69). CONCLUSION: Mobile text messaging significantly improved the knowledge on breast cancer and breast self-examination among women; however, it did not affect their breast self-examination self-efficacy and frequency. Mobile text messaging can be a viable tool that can be used by healthcare workers in order to educate women regarding breast cancer and breast self-examination.

Relationship between nurse practice environment and work outcomes: A survey study in the Philippines.

AIMS: Challenges in the nurse practice environment greatly affect nurse work outcomes. This study investigated the relationship between nurse practice environment and work outcomes in the Philippines. METHODS: This cross-sectional survey involved 549 hospital nurses in the Philippines in 2018. The nurse practice environment was measured using the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI). Four self-report scales were used to measure work outcomes: job satisfaction, job burnout, job stress and nurse-assessed quality of care. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyse the data. RESULTS: Significant relationships were found between nurse and organizational characteristics and nurse practice environment. Further, multivariate regression analysis revealed that the nurse practice environment had a significant and positive relationship with perceived quality of care and a significant and negative relationship with job burnout and job stress. CONCLUSION: A favourable work environment significantly reduced job burnout and job stress and improved the quality of patient care. With considerable migration abroad, a favourable nurse practice environment may engage a better nurse workforce in the country and subsequently reduce migration. Managers must focus on developing good nurse practice environments that will improve professional work outcomes and quality patient care.

Prevalence and predictors of coronaphobia among frontline hospital and public health nurses.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence as well as the predictors of coronaphobia in frontline hospital and public health nurses. DESIGN: This study used a cross-sectional research study involving 736 nurses working in COVID-19 designated hospitals and health units in Region 8, Philippines. Four structured self-report scales were used, including the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale, the Brief Resilience Scale, the Perceived Social Support Questionnaire, and the single-item measure for perceived health. RESULTS: The prevalence of coronaphobia was 54.76% (n = 402): 37.04% (n = 130) in hospital nurses and 70.91% (n = 273) in public health nurses. Additionally, nurses' gender (ß = 0.148, p < .001), marital status (ß = 0.124, p < .001), job status (ß = 0.138, p < .001), and personal resilience (ß = -0.167, p = .002) were identified as predictors of COVID-19 anxiety. A small proportion of nurses were willing (19.94%, n = 70) and fully prepared (9.40%, n = 33) to manage and care for coronavirus patients. CONCLUSION: Coronaphobia is prevalent among frontline Filipino nurses, particularly among public health nurses. Interventions to address coronaphobia among frontline nurses in the hospital and community should consider the predictors identified. By increasing personal resilience in nurses through theoretically driven intervention, coronaphobia may be alleviated.

Resilience as a mediator between compassion fatigue, nurses' work outcomes, and quality of care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: Nurses in the frontline of the battle against COVID-19 are highly vulnerable to compassion fatigue (CF), which may affect their mental health, work effectiveness, and patient safety outcomes. However, no studies have investigated nurses' CF in relation to job outcomes and care quality during the pandemic. AIMS: This study aims to examine the mediating role of resilience in the relationship between CF and frontline nurses' job outcomes (job satisfaction and turnover intention) and care quality. DESIGN: An online, cross-sectional survey containing five self-report scales was used to collect data from 270 frontline nurses in selected hospitals in the Philippines. RESULTS: Overall, 38.5% of frontline nurses experienced medium to high CF during the second wave of the pandemic. Increased CF was associated with poorer nurse-reported quality of care (ß = -0.145, p = 0.019), lower job satisfaction (ß = -0.317, p = 0.001), and higher organizational turnover intention (ß = 0.301, p = 0.001). Moreover, resilience fully mediated the relationship between CF and quality of care (ß = -0.088, p = 0.169), and partially mediated the relationship between CF and job satisfaction (ß = -0.259, p = 0.001), and CF fatigue and organizational turnover intention (ß = 0.272, p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: Frontline nurses are at risk of developing CF during the pandemic. Psychological resilience reduces the negative impact of CF on frontline nurses' job satisfaction, turnover intention, and the quality of care in their assigned unit. Proactive measures to reduce CF should be prioritized by nursing administrators. Resilience-promoting interventions could foster job satisfaction and retention in nurses and, hence, the quality of care delivered in their units.

Psychological resilience, coping behaviours and social support among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review of quantitative studies.

AIM: To appraise and synthesize studies examining resilience, coping behaviours and social support among health care workers during the coronavirus pandemic. BACKGROUND: A wide range of evidence has shown that health care workers, currently on the frontlines in the fight against COVID-19, are not spared from the psychological and mental health-related consequences of the pandemic. Studies synthesizing the role of coping behaviours, resilience and social support in safeguarding the mental health of health care workers during the pandemic are largely unknown. EVALUATION: This is a systematic review with a narrative synthesis. A total of 31 articles were included in the review. KEY ISSUES: Health care workers utilized both problem-centred and emotion-centred coping to manage the stress associated with the coronavirus pandemic. Coping behaviours, resilience and social support were associated with positive mental and psychological health outcomes. CONCLUSION: Substantial evidence supports the effectiveness of coping behaviours, resilience and social support to preserve psychological and mental health among health care workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: In order to safeguard the mental health of health care workers during the pandemic, hospital and nursing administrators should implement proactive measures to sustain resilience in HCWs, build coping skills and implement creative ways to foster social support in health care workers through theory-based interventions, supportive leadership and fostering a resilient work environment.