RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Combining National Quality Registries (NQRs) with existing National Health Registries (NHRs) might make it possible to get a wider picture of older adults health situation. The aim was to examine the feasibility of aggregating data across different NQRs and existing NHRs to explore the possibility to investigate trajectories and patterns of disease and care, specifically for the most ill older adults. METHOD: A Swedish twin population (N = 44,816) was linked to nine NQRs and four NHRs. A descriptive mixed-method study was performed. A manifest content analysis identified which health parameters were collected from each NQR. Factor analysis identified patterns in representation across NQRs. Two case studies illustrated individual trajectories of care by using NQRs and NHRs. RESULTS: About 36% of the population was registered in one or more NQRs. NQRs included 1849 variables that were sorted into 13 categories with extensive overlap across the NQRs. Health and function variables were identified, but few social or cognitive variables. Even though most individuals demonstrated unique patterns of multi-morbidities, factor analysis identified three clusters of representation in the NQRs with sufficient sample sizes for future investigations. The two cases illustrated the possibility of following patterns of disease and trajectories of care. CONCLUSIONS: NQRs seem to be a significant source for collecting data about a population that may be underrepresented in most research on aging because of their age and poor health. However, NQRs are primarily disease related, and further development of the registries to maximize coverage and utility is needed.
Asunto(s)
Proyectos de Investigación , Anciano , Humanos , Sistema de Registros , SueciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: In the last years of life, burden of disease and disability and need of health- and social care often increase. Social, functional and psychological factors may be important in regard to social- and health care utilization. This study aims to describe use of health- and social care during the last year of life among persons living in ordinary housing or in assisted living facilities. METHODS: A retrospective study examining health- and social care utilization during their last year of life, using a subsample from the Swedish twin registries individually linked to several Swedish national quality registries (NQR). Persons that died during 2008-2009 and 2011-2012 (n = 1518) were selected. RESULTS: Mean age at death was 85.9 ± 7.3 (range 65.1-109.0). Among the 1518 participants (women n = 888, 58.5%), of which 741 (49%) were living in assisted living facilities and 1061 (69.9%) had at least one hospitalization during last year of life. The most common causes of death were cardiovascular disease (43.8%) and tumors (15.3%). A multivariable logistic regression revealed that living in ordinary housing, younger age and higher numbers of NQR's increased the likelihood of hospitalization. CONCLUSIONS: Persons in their last year of life consumed high amount of health- and social care although 12% did not receive any home care. Married persons received less home care than never married. Persons living in ordinary housing had higher numbers of hospitalizations compared to participants in assisted living facilities. Older persons and persons registered in fewer NQR's were less hospitalized.
Asunto(s)
Atención a la Salud/métodos , Apoyo Social , Cuidado Terminal/métodos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Servicios de Atención de Salud a Domicilio/normas , Servicios de Atención de Salud a Domicilio/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Suecia , Cuidado Terminal/normas , Cuidado Terminal/tendenciasRESUMEN
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To explore the association between oral health and nutritional status in the context of daily care for older people. BACKGROUND: Oral problems often increase with age and affect a person's ability to chew and swallow. They might also influence the ability to maintain a satisfactory nutritional status. Oral health awareness is therefore of great importance in nursing care for older people. DESIGN: A retrospective cross-sectional study. METHODS: Data from the Swedish quality register, Senior Alert, were used, including structured assessments of both oral and nutritional status using the Revised Oral Assessment Guide-Jönköping and the Mini Nutritional Assessment. In total, 1,156 persons (mean age: 82.8 ± 7.9) had both oral and nutritional assessments registered by the nursing staff in daily care. RESULTS: Approximately 29% of participants had moderate oral health problems. Another 12% had severe problems. Over 60% of the persons were considered at risk of malnutrition or were malnourished. There was a weak correlation between poor nutritional status and poor oral health, and approximately one-third of the persons who were at risk or malnourished had simultaneous oral problems. A multivariate logistic regression revealed that when problems involving voice and swallowing were present, there was also a greater possibility of being assessed as at risk of malnourishment or being malnourished. CONCLUSION: There is a relationship between oral health problems and nutritional status, indicating the importance of evaluating oral health status in older persons with nutritional problems. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nursing staff involved in care for older people should be aware of the importance of including regular oral health check-ups in their work. There is also a need for nursing staff members and oral health professionals to exchange knowledge.
Asunto(s)
Estado Nutricional , Salud Bucal/estadística & datos numéricos , Higiene Bucal/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios Transversales , Trastornos de Deglución/epidemiología , Femenino , Evaluación Geriátrica/métodos , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrición/epidemiología , Proyectos de Investigación , Estudios Retrospectivos , SueciaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To determine the effect of amoxicillin treatment on resistance selection in patients with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections in a randomized, placebo-controlled trial. METHODS: Patients were prescribed amoxicillin 1 g, three times daily (nâ=â52) or placebo (nâ=â50) for 7 days. Oropharyngeal swabs obtained before, within 48 h post-treatment and at 28-35 days were assessed for proportions of amoxicillin-resistant (ARS; amoxicillin MIC ≥2 mg/L) and -non-susceptible (ANS; MIC ≥0.5 mg/L) streptococci. Alterations in amoxicillin MICs and in penicillin-binding-proteins were also investigated. ITT and PP analyses were conducted. RESULTS: ARS and ANS proportions increased 11- and 2.5-fold, respectively, within 48 h post-amoxicillin treatment compared with placebo [ARS mean increase (MI) 9.46, 95% CI 5.57-13.35; ANS MI 39.87, 95% CI 30.96-48.78; Pâ<â0.0001 for both]. However, these differences were no longer significant at days 28-35 (ARS MI -3.06, 95% CI -7.34 to 1.21; ANS MI 4.91, 95% CI -4.79 to 14.62; Pâ>â0.1588). ARS/ANS were grouped by pbp mutations. Group 1 strains exhibited significantly lower amoxicillin resistance (mean MIC 2.8 mg/L, 95% CI 2.6-3.1) than group 2 (mean MIC 9.3 mg/L, 95% CI 8.1-10.5; Pâ<â0.0001). Group 2 strains predominated immediately post-treatment (61.07%) and although decreased by days 28-35 (30.71%), proportions remained higher than baseline (18.70%; Pâ=â0.0004). CONCLUSIONS: By utilizing oropharyngeal streptococci as model organisms this study provides the first prospective, experimental evidence that resistance selection in patients receiving amoxicillin is modest and short-lived, probably due to 'fitness costs' engendered by high-level resistance-conferring mutations. This evidence further supports European guidelines that recommend amoxicillin when an antibiotic is indicated for community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections.
Asunto(s)
Amoxicilina/administración & dosificación , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neumonía Bacteriana/tratamiento farmacológico , Selección Genética , Resistencia betalactámica , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Amoxicilina/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/microbiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Placebos/administración & dosificación , Neumonía Bacteriana/microbiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Estreptocócicas/microbiología , Streptococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Streptococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Swedish studies on antibiotic use in primary care have been based on one-week registrations of infections. In order to study adherence to guidelines, analyses based on large databases that provide information on diagnosis linked prescriptions, are needed. This study describes trends in management of infections in Swedish primary care particularly with regards to antibiotic prescribing and adherence to national guidelines. METHODS: A descriptive study of Sweden's largest database regarding diagnosis linked antibiotic prescription data, the Primary care Record of Infections in Sweden (PRIS), for the years 2008, 2010 and 2013. RESULTS: Although the consultation rate for all infections remained around 30% each year, antibiotic prescribing rates decreased significantly over the years from 53.7% in 2008, to 45.5% in 2010, to 38.6% in 2013 (p = .032). The antibiotic prescribing rate for respiratory tract infections (RTIs) decreased from 40.5% in 2008 to 24.9% in 2013 while those for urinary tract infections and skin and soft tissue infections were unchanged. For most RTI diagnoses there was a decrease in prescription rate from 2008 to 2013, particularly for the age group 0-6 years. Phenoxymethylpenicillin (PcV) was the antibiotic most often prescribed, followed by tetracycline. Tonsillitis and acute otitis media were the two RTI diagnoses with the highest number of prescriptions per 1000 patient years (PY). For these diagnoses an increase in adherence to national guidelines was seen, with regards to treatment frequency, choice of antibiotics and use of rapid antigen detection test. The frequency in antibiotic prescribing varied greatly between different Primary Healthcare Centres (PHCCs). CONCLUSION: Falling numbers of consultations and decreased antibiotic prescription rates for RTIs have reduced the antibiotic use in Swedish primary care substantially. Overprescribing of antibiotics could still be suspected due to large variability in prescribing frequency, especially for acute bronchitis and sinusitis. Continuous evaluation of diagnosis linked prescribing data and feedback to doctors is essential in order to achieve a more prudent antibiotic use.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Adhesión a Directriz/tendencias , Prescripción Inadecuada/tendencias , Infecciones/tratamiento farmacológico , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina/tendencias , Atención Primaria de Salud/tendencias , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Niño , Preescolar , Bases de Datos Factuales , Registros Electrónicos de Salud , Femenino , Humanos , Prescripción Inadecuada/prevención & control , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Guías de Práctica Clínica como Asunto , Atención Primaria de Salud/normas , Estudios Retrospectivos , Suecia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To describe how the included items in three different scales, Downton Fall Risk Index, the short form of Mini Nutritional Assessment and the Modified Norton Scale are associated to severe outcomes as falls, weight loss and pressure ulcers. BACKGROUND: Falls, malnutrition and pressure ulcers are common adverse events among nursing home residents and risk scoring are common preventive activities, mainly focusing on single risks. In Sweden the three scales are routinely used together with the purpose to improve the quality of prevention. DESIGN: Longitudinal quantitative study. METHODS: Descriptive analyses and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS: Only 4% scored no risk for any of these serious events. Longitudinal risk scoring showed significant impaired mean scores indicating increased risks. This confirms the complexity of this population's status of general condition. There were no statistical significant differences between residents categorised at risk or not regarding events. Physical activity increased falls, but decreased pressure ulcers. For weight loss, cognitive decline and the status of general health were most important. CONCLUSIONS: Risk tendencies for falls, malnutrition and pressure ulcers are high in nursing homes, and when measure them at the same time the majority will have several of these risks. Items assessing mobility or items affecting mobility were of most importance. Care processes can always be improved and this study can add to the topic. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: A more comprehensive view is needed and prevention can not only be based on total scores. Mobility is an important factor for falls and pressure ulcers, both as a risk factor and a protective factor. This involves a challenge for care--to keep the inmates physical active and at the same time prevent falls.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes por Caídas , Casas de Salud , Úlcera por Presión/etiología , Pérdida de Peso , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Trastornos del Conocimiento/complicaciones , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Úlcera por Presión/enfermería , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , SueciaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Renal function decreases with age. Dosage adjustment according to renal function is indicated for many drugs, in order to avoid adverse reactions of medications and/or aggravation of renal impairment. There are several ways to assess renal function in the elderly, but no way is ideal. The aim of the study was to explore renal function in elderly subjects in nursing homes and the use of pharmaceuticals that may be harmful to patients with renal impairment. METHODS: 243 elderly subjects living in nursing homes were included. S-creatinine and s-cystatin c were analysed. Renal function was estimated using Cockcroft-Gault formula, Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and cystatin C-estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Concomitant medication was registered and four groups of renal risk drugs were identified: metformin, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID), angiotensin-converting enzyme -inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers and digoxin. Descriptive statistics and the Kappa test for concordance were used. RESULTS: Reduced renal function (cystatin C-estimated GFR < 60 ml/min) was seen in 53%. Normal s-creatinine was seen in 41% of those with renal impairment. Renal risk drugs were rather rarely prescribed, with exception for ACE-inhibitors. Poor concordance was seen between the GFR estimates as concluded by other studies. CONCLUSIONS: The physician has to be observant on renal function when prescribing medications to the elderly patient and not only rely on s-creatinine level. GFR has to be estimated before prescribing renal risk drugs, but using different estimates may give divergence in the results.
Asunto(s)
Tasa de Filtración Glomerular , Insuficiencia Renal/metabolismo , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/farmacocinética , Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/farmacología , Antiarrítmicos/administración & dosificación , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacocinética , Estudios de Cohortes , Comorbilidad , Creatinina/sangre , Cistatina C/sangre , Digoxina/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Evaluación Geriátrica , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular/efectos de los fármacos , Tasa de Filtración Glomerular/fisiología , Humanos , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/metabolismo , Pruebas de Función Renal , Masculino , Casas de Salud , Insuficiencia Renal/diagnóstico , Insuficiencia Renal/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
A structured and systematic care process for preventive work, aimed to reduce falls, pressure ulcers and malnutrition among older people, has been developed in Sweden. The process involves risk assessment, team-based interventions and evaluation of results. Since development, this structured work process has become web-based and has been implemented in a national quality registry called 'Senior Alert' and used countrywide. The aim of this study was to describe nursing staff's experience of preventive work by using the structured preventive care process as outlined by Senior Alert. Eight focus group interviews were conducted during 2015 including staff from nursing homes and home-based nursing care in three municipalities. The interview material was subjected to qualitative content analysis. In this study, both positive and negative opinions were expressed about the process. The systematic and structured work flow seemed to only partly facilitate care providers to improve care quality by making better clinical assessments, performing team-based planned interventions and learning from results. Participants described lack of reliability in the assessments and varying opinions about the structure. Furthermore, organisational structures limited the preventive work.
Asunto(s)
Accidentes por Caídas/prevención & control , Actitud del Personal de Salud , Desnutrición/prevención & control , Personal de Enfermería , Úlcera por Presión/prevención & control , Calidad de la Atención de Salud/organización & administración , Anciano , Grupos Focales , Humanos , Casas de Salud , Medición de Riesgo , SueciaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Institutionalised elderly people at northern latitudes may be at elevated risk for vitamin D deficiency. In addition to osteoporosis-related disorders, vitamin D deficiency may influence several medical conditions conferring an increased mortality risk. The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency and its association with mortality. DESIGN: The Study of Health and Drugs in the Elderly (SHADES) is a prospective cohort study among elderly people (>65 years) in 11 nursing homes in Sweden. METHODS: We analysed the levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3) at baseline. Vital status of the subjects was ascertained and hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality according to 25(OH)D3 quartiles were calculated. RESULTS: We examined 333 study participants with a mean follow-up of 3 years. A total of 147 (44%) patients died within this period. Compared with the subjects in Q4 (25(OH)D3 >48â nmol/l), HR (with 95% CI) for mortality was 2.02 (1.31-3.12) in Q1 (25(OH)D3 <29 ânmol/l) (P<0.05); 2.03 (1.32-3.14) in Q2 (25(OH)D3 30-37â nmol/l) (P<0.05) and 1.6 (1.03-2.48) in Q3 (25(OH)D3 38-47 ânmol/l) (P<0.05). The mean 25(OH)D3 concentration was 40.2â nmol/l (S.D. 16.0) and 80% had 25(OH)D3 below 50â nmol/l. The vitamin D levels decreased from baseline to the second and third measurements. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin D deficiency was highly prevalent and associated with increased mortality among the elderly in Swedish nursing homes. Strategies are needed to prevent, and maybe treat, vitamin D deficiency in the elderly in nursing homes and the benefit of vitamin D supplementation should be evaluated in randomised clinical trials.
Asunto(s)
Envejecimiento , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/epidemiología , Accidentes por Caídas , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Calcifediol/sangre , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Hogares para Ancianos , Humanos , Incidencia , Masculino , Mortalidad , Casas de Salud , Fracturas Osteoporóticas/epidemiología , Fracturas Osteoporóticas/etiología , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Análisis de Supervivencia , Suecia/epidemiología , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/sangre , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Knowledge about the need for care of elderly individuals in community dwellings and the factors affecting their needs and support is limited. The aim of this study was to characterize the frailty of a population of elderly individuals living in community dwellings in Sweden in relation to co-morbidity, use of drugs, and risk of severe conditions such as malnutrition, pressure ulcers, and falls. In 2008, 315 elderly individuals living in community dwellings were interviewed and examined as part of the SHADES-study. The elderly demonstrated co-morbidity (a mean of three diseases) and polypharmacy (an average of seven drugs). More than half the sample was at risk for malnutrition, one third was at risk for developing pressure ulcers, and nearly all (93%) had an increased risk of falling and a great majority had cognitive problems. Age, pulse pressure, body mass index, and specific items from the modified Norton scale (MNS), the Downton fall risk index (DFRI), and the mini nutritional assessment (MNA-SF) were related to different outcomes, defining the need for care and frailty. Based on the results of this study, we suggest a single set of items useful for understanding the need for care and to improve individual based care in community dwellings.
Asunto(s)
Anciano Frágil/estadística & datos numéricos , Hogares para Ancianos/estadística & datos numéricos , Casas de Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Accidentes por Caídas/estadística & datos numéricos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Trastornos del Conocimiento/epidemiología , Comorbilidad , Femenino , Evaluación Geriátrica/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Desnutrición/epidemiología , Polifarmacia , Úlcera por Presión/epidemiología , Factores Sexuales , Suecia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
AIM: To explore the feasibility of withdrawal of diabetes medication in elderly patients with HbA1cAsunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/sangre
, Diabetes Mellitus/tratamiento farmacológico
, Hipoglucemiantes/administración & dosificación
, Casas de Salud
, Anciano
, Anciano de 80 o más Años
, Glucemia/metabolismo
, Esquema de Medicación
, Femenino
, Hemoglobina Glucada/metabolismo
, Humanos
, Masculino
, Persona de Mediana Edad