RESUMEN
The improvement of surgical techniques in kidney transplantation aims to reduce the incidence of post-transplant complications, contributing to the reduction of hospital stay, related costs, morbidity and mortality, in addition to improving the quality of life of patients. The choice of the best technique is influenced by several factors and the most common technique for urinary tract reconstruction in transplants is performed with implantation of the ureter of the graft in the caudal position, with the anastomosis performed in the bladder. However, the kidney pole can be inverted and the graft ureter anastomosis can be performed directly on the recipient's ureter, facilitating venous and ureteral anastomoses and reducing urological complications.
Asunto(s)
Trasplante de Riñón , Uréter , Humanos , Uréter/cirugía , Trasplante de Riñón/efectos adversos , Calidad de Vida , Vejiga Urinaria/cirugía , Anastomosis Quirúrgica/métodos , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/cirugíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: to report the final analysis of a phase 2 trial assessing the efficacy and safety of short-course hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). METHODS: this was an open-label, multicenter, single-arm trial of HIPEC in patients with advanced EOC who underwent interval cytoreductive surgery (iCRS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). HIPEC was performed as a concentration-based regimen of platinum-based chemotherapy for 30 minutes. Primary endpoint was the rate of disease progression occurring at nine months following iCRS plus HIPEC (PD9). Secondary endpoints were postoperative complications, time to start adjuvant chemotherapy, length of hospital and ICU stay, quality of life (QoL) over treatment, and ultimately 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Analysis was by intention-to-treat with final database lock for survival outcomes on February 23, 2021. RESULTS: fifteen patients with stage III EOC were enrolled between February 2015 and July 2019, in four centers. The intention to treat PD9 was 6.7%. With a median follow-up of 33 months (IQR, 24.3-46.5), the median PFS was 18.1 months and corresponding 2-year rates of PFS and OS was 33.3% and 93.3%, respectively. Three patients (20%) experienced graded III complications. Median length of hospital and ICU stay was 5 (IQR, 4-6.5) and 1 (IQR, 1-1) days, respectively. Time to restart systemic chemotherapy was 39 (IQR, 35-49.3) days and no significant difference over time in QoL was observed. CONCLUSIONS: we demonstrate preliminary efficacy and safety of short-course HIPEC in patient with advanced EOC.
Asunto(s)
Procedimientos Quirúrgicos de Citorreducción , Neoplasias Ováricas , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Quimioterapia Intraperitoneal Hipertérmica , Neoplasias Ováricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Ováricas/cirugía , Calidad de VidaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: primary liver sarcoma is a rare type of tumor, more common in children. Among adults, it represents a spectrum of neoplasms with reserved prognosis. There is no consensus on the treatment of choice of these lesions, justifying a systematic review of the literature on treatment options, prognostic factors, and survival. MATERIAL/METHODS: a systematic review of articles published in Pubmed, Medline, LiLacs e SciElo, from 1966 to March/2019, presenting the keywords: primary-liver-sarcoma and primary-hepatic-sarcoma was undertaken. Studies including patients older than 18 years, and published in English, Portuguese and Spanish were included. Case reports, metastatic tumors and multiple oncologic diagnosis were excluded. The initial search listed 1,318 articles. 1,206 did not meet the inclusion criteria. After reviewing 112 eligible articles, 15 were selected (14 case series and 1 retrospective-cohort). RESULTS: proposed treatment modalities for primary liver sarcoma included surgery and/or chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy or liver transplantation. The most common histological types were angiosarcoma (32%), leiomyosarcoma (29%), epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (15%) and embryonal sarcoma (7%). Histology, degree of differentiation and R0 resection were mentioned positive prognostic factors. Median survival ranged from two to 23 months. Five-year survival rate varied from 0% to 64%, on average 21%. CONCLUSION: surgical resection (R0 resection) is the main treatment for primary liver sarcomas. Development of effective systemic therapies are required to improve prognosis of patients harboring this type of tumor.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Sarcoma/patología , Adulto , Niño , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirugía , Sarcoma/diagnóstico , Sarcoma/cirugíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: to evaluate the effect of short-course (i.e.: 30 minutes) HIPEC on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in our feasibility study; NCT02249013. METHODS: a prespecified secondary end-point of our open-label, multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 trial on safety and efficacy was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30, version 3.0). Patients were required to complete the HRQoL questionnaire at baseline, after HIPEC, and after the end of the treatment. Changes of HRQoL over time were assessed by median scores for each domain and analyzed by Friedman`s test at a significant two-sided level of 0.05. RESULTS: fifteen patients with high tumor burden EOC were recruited from our public health system between February 2015 and July 2019. A baseline EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire and at least one follow-up questionnaire was received from all of the patients. No significant difference over time in the QLQC30 summary scores was observed (p>0.05). The transitory impairment on patients HRQoL immediately after the short-course HIPEC trended to return to baseline at the end of the multimodal treatment. CONCLUSIONS: we found no significant impairment of short-course HIPEC on patients HRQoL into the context of our comprehensive treatment protocol.
Asunto(s)
Procedimientos Quirúrgicos de Citorreducción/métodos , Hipertermia Inducida/métodos , Neoplasias Ováricas/cirugía , Calidad de Vida , Adulto , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos de Citorreducción/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertermia Inducida/psicología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Carga TumoralRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Surgical options for morbid obesity are diverse, and the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, initially described by Fobi has gained popularity. Knowledge about the physiology of the bypassed stomach is limited because this newly produced segment of the stomach is inaccessible to endoscopic or contrast radiological studies. AIM: To evaluate the myoelectric activity of the bypassed stomach and its reply to the feeding. METHODS: An experimental protocol was conducted to evaluate postoperative gastric bypassed motility in dogs submitted to the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure. Two groups of five animals were studied on postoperative fasting and after a standard meal, recording electrical response and control activity. Both control and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass operated study group had a pair of electrodes placed on three points of the remaining stomach: fundus, body and antrum. Data registration was performed after complete ileus resolution, and analysed with DATA Q Inst. series 200. RESULTS: The results achieved on the conditions of this study suggest that: 1. the remaining stomach maintain the same pattern of motility; 2. there is a reduced fasting electromyography activity following the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure; 3. significantly reduced fasting electric control activity when compared both groups, and a markedly reduced fasting response electric activity and; 4. the electric response to the feeding kept the same standard of the stomach, however in a statistically reduced way. CONCLUSION: The electrical activity of the bypassed stomach of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure kept the same pattern but in a statistically reduced number of contraction.
Asunto(s)
Derivación Gástrica , Motilidad Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Estómago/cirugía , Animales , Perros , Estimulación Eléctrica , Electrodos , Electrofisiología , Femenino , Estómago/fisiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has been considered a promising treatment option for advanced or recurrent ovarian cancer, but there is no clear evidence based on randomized controlled trials to advocate this approach as a standard therapy. In this study, we aim to present the early outcomes and insights after an interim analysis of a pioneering clinical trial in Brazil. METHODS: This study was a cross-sectional analysis of early data from our ongoing clinical trial - an open-label, double-center, single-arm trial on the safety and efficacy of using HIPEC for advanced ovarian cancer (ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02249013). A fast-track recovery strategy was also applied to improve patient outcomes. RESULTS: Nine patients with stage IIIB (n=1) or IIIC (n=8) epithelial malignancies were enrolled until February 2017. The median (range) serum CA125 level at diagnosis was 692 (223.7-6550) U/mL. The median number of preoperative cycles of intravenous (i.v.) chemotherapy was 3 (2-4), resulting in peritoneal cancer index scores of 9 (3-18) at the time of HIPEC. Time of restarting i.v. chemotherapy was 37 (33-50) days with all patients completing 6 cycles as planned. The median operation time was 395 (235-760) minutes, the length of hospital stay was 4 (3-10) days, and all the patients left the ICU on the morning after the procedure. Two patients experienced no postoperative complications, whereas 91% of the complications were minor G1/G2 events. Preliminary assessment also suggested no impairment of the patient's quality of life. CONCLUSION: Our comprehensive protocol might represent a promising all-in-one approach for advanced ovarian cancer. The patient recruitment for this trial is ongoing.
RESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: to report the final analysis of a phase 2 trial assessing the efficacy and safety of short-course hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). Methods: this was an open-label, multicenter, single-arm trial of HIPEC in patients with advanced EOC who underwent interval cytoreductive surgery (iCRS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT). HIPEC was performed as a concentration-based regimen of platinum-based chemotherapy for 30 minutes. Primary endpoint was the rate of disease progression occurring at nine months following iCRS plus HIPEC (PD9). Secondary endpoints were postoperative complications, time to start adjuvant chemotherapy, length of hospital and ICU stay, quality of life (QoL) over treatment, and ultimately 2-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Analysis was by intention-to-treat with final database lock for survival outcomes on February 23, 2021. Results: fifteen patients with stage III EOC were enrolled between February 2015 and July 2019, in four centers. The intention to treat PD9 was 6.7%. With a median follow-up of 33 months (IQR, 24.3-46.5), the median PFS was 18.1 months and corresponding 2-year rates of PFS and OS was 33.3% and 93.3%, respectively. Three patients (20%) experienced graded III complications. Median length of hospital and ICU stay was 5 (IQR, 4-6.5) and 1 (IQR, 1-1) days, respectively. Time to restart systemic chemotherapy was 39 (IQR, 35-49.3) days and no significant difference over time in QoL was observed. Conclusions: we demonstrate preliminary efficacy and safety of short-course HIPEC in patient with advanced EOC.
RESUMO Objetivo: apresentar a análise final de ensaio clínico de fase 2 que avaliou a eficácia e a segurança da quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica (HIPEC) de curta duração em pacientes com câncer epitelial de ovário avançado (EOC). Métodos: estudo aberto, multicêntrico, de braço único avaliando a HIPEC em pacientes com EOC avançado submetidos a cirurgia citorredutora de intervalo (iCRS) após quimioterapia neoadjuvante (NACT). A HIPEC foi realizada como regime baseado na concentração de cisplatina, perfundida por 30 minutos. O desfecho primário foi a taxa de progressão da doença 9 meses após a iCRS com HIPEC (PD9). Os desfechos secundários foram complicações pós-operatórias, tempo para iniciar a quimioterapia adjuvante, tempo de internação e permanência em UTI, qualidade de vida (QoL) ao longo do tratamento e, finalmente, sobrevida cumulativa livre de progressão (PSF) e global (OS) em 2 anos. As análises foram em intenção de tratar (ITT) com fechamento dos dados para análise da sobrevida em 23 de fevereiro de 2021. Resultados: quinze pacientes com EOC em estágio III foram incluídos no estudo entre fevereiro de 2015 e julho de 2019 em quatro centros recrutadores. A PD9 por ITT foi de 6,7%. Com acompanhamento mediano de 33 meses (IQR, 24,3-46,5), a PFS mediana foi de 18,1 meses e as taxas correspondentes de PFS e OS em 2 anos foram 33,3% e 93,3%, respectivamente. Três pacientes (20%) apresentaram complicações grau III. O tempo mediano de internamento hospitalar e em UTI foi de 5 (IQR, 4-6,5) e 1 (IQR, 1-1) dias, respectivamente. O tempo para reinício da quimioterapia sistêmica foi de 39 dias (IQR, 35-49,3) e não foi observada diferença significativa na QoL ao longo do tratamento. Conclusões: demonstrou-se eficácia e segurança preliminares da HIPEC de curta duração em pacientes com EOC avançado.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Neoplasias Ováricas/cirugía , Neoplasias Ováricas/tratamiento farmacológico , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos de Citorreducción , Calidad de Vida , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapéutico , Carcinoma Epitelial de Ovario/tratamiento farmacológico , Quimioterapia Intraperitoneal HipertérmicaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT The improvement of surgical techniques in kidney transplantation aims to reduce the incidence of post-transplant complications, contributing to the reduction of hospital stay, related costs, morbidity and mortality, in addition to improving the quality of life of patients. The choice of the best technique is influenced by several factors and the most common technique for urinary tract reconstruction in transplants is performed with implantation of the ureter of the graft in the caudal position, with the anastomosis performed in the bladder. However, the kidney pole can be inverted and the graft ureter anastomosis can be performed directly on the recipient's ureter, facilitating venous and ureteral anastomoses and reducing urological complications.
RESUMO O aprimoramento das técnicas cirúrgicas no transplante renal tem o objetivo de reduzir a incidência de complicações pós-transplante, contribuindo com a redução do tempo de internamento hospitalar, os custos relacionados, a morbidade e a mortalidade, além de melhorar a qualidade de vida dos pacientes. A escolha da melhor técnica é influenciada por diversos fatores e a técnica mais comum de reconstrução do trato urinário nos transplantes é a realizada com implante do ureter do enxerto na posição caudal, com a anastomose feita na bexiga. No entanto, pode-se inverter o polo do rim, posicionando o polo inferior cranialmente e realizar a anastomose do ureter do enxerto diretamente no ureter do receptor, facilitando a anastomose ureteral e diminuindo as complicações urológicas.
RESUMEN
Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has emerged as a main comprehensive treatment of peritoneal malignancies. However, current data on the literature are very heterogeneous in terms of its technical particularities, which require some efforts to standardization of practices. In these setting, we present some early data from a pioneering clinical trial in Brazil (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02249013) to explore the dynamic relationships between flow rates and temperature parameters in the first cases of our study, which may help in selecting better technical parameters during HIPEC procedures.
Asunto(s)
Quimioterapia del Cáncer por Perfusión Regional , Neoplasias Peritoneales/terapia , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Brasil , Terapia Combinada , Humanos , Hipertermia InducidaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Introduction: primary liver sarcoma is a rare type of tumor, more common in children. Among adults, it represents a spectrum of neoplasms with reserved prognosis. There is no consensus on the treatment of choice of these lesions, justifying a systematic review of the literature on treatment options, prognostic factors, and survival. Material/Methods: a systematic review of articles published in Pubmed, Medline, LiLacs e SciElo, from 1966 to March/2019, presenting the keywords: primary-liver-sarcoma and primary-hepatic-sarcoma was undertaken. Studies including patients older than 18 years, and published in English, Portuguese and Spanish were included. Case reports, metastatic tumors and multiple oncologic diagnosis were excluded. The initial search listed 1,318 articles. 1,206 did not meet the inclusion criteria. After reviewing 112 eligible articles, 15 were selected (14 case series and 1 retrospective-cohort). Results: proposed treatment modalities for primary liver sarcoma included surgery and/or chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy or liver transplantation. The most common histological types were angiosarcoma (32%), leiomyosarcoma (29%), epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (15%) and embryonal sarcoma (7%). Histology, degree of differentiation and R0 resection were mentioned positive prognostic factors. Median survival ranged from two to 23 months. Five-year survival rate varied from 0% to 64%, on average 21%. Conclusion: surgical resection (R0 resection) is the main treatment for primary liver sarcomas. Development of effective systemic therapies are required to improve prognosis of patients harboring this type of tumor.
RESUMO Introdução: o sarcoma primário do fígado é uma neoplasia rara, que acomete mais frequentemente crianças. Nos adultos, representa espectro de neoplasias de prognóstico reservado. Entretanto, em nenhuma faixa etária há consenso sobre a terapêutica de escolha dessas lesões, motivando revisão sistemática com objetivo de elencar opções de tratamento, fatores prognósticos e sobrevida. Material/Método: realizamos revisão sistemática dos artigos publicados nas bases de dados Pubmed, Medline, LiLacs e Scielo, de 1966 a março/2019, contendo as palavras-chaves: primary-liver-sarcoma e primary-hepatic-sarcoma. Foram incluídos estudos que incluíram pacientes com idade a partir de 18 anos e publicados em inglês, português e espanhol. Relatos de caso, tumores metastáticos e pacientes com múltiplos diagnósticos oncológicos foram excluídos. Foram encontrados inicialmente 1.318 artigos, desses, 1.206 foram excluídos por estarem fora dos critérios de inclusão. Dos 112 artigos analisados e discutidos, 15 foram incluídos nesse artigo (14 séries de casos e 1 estudo de coorte retrospectivo). Resultado: os tratamentos propostos para o sarcoma primário do fígado em adultos incluíram cirurgia e/ou quimioterapia e/ou radioterapia ou transplante hepático. Os tipos histológicos mais frequentemente relados foram angiossarcoma (32%), leiomiossarcoma (29%), hemangioendotelioma epitelioide (15%) e sarcoma embrionário (7%). Tipo histológico, grau de diferenciação e resseção R0 foram os principais fatores de bom prognóstico. A sobrevida média total variou de dois a 23 meses. A sobrevida em cinco anos variou entre 0 e 64%, em média 21%. Conclusão: ressecção cirúrgica R0 é a base do tratamento dos sarcomas primários do fígado. Esse grupo heterogêneo de tumores requer desenvolvimento de terapias sistêmicas efetivas para melhoria do prognóstico.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Niño , Adulto , Sarcoma/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Sarcoma/cirugía , Sarcoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Hepáticas/cirugía , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnósticoRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Introduction: to evaluate the effect of short-course (i.e.: 30 minutes) HIPEC on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in our feasibility study; NCT02249013. Methods: a prespecified secondary end-point of our open-label, multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 trial on safety and efficacy was assessed using the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30, version 3.0). Patients were required to complete the HRQoL questionnaire at baseline, after HIPEC, and after the end of the treatment. Changes of HRQoL over time were assessed by median scores for each domain and analyzed by Friedman`s test at a significant two-sided level of 0.05. Results: fifteen patients with high tumor burden EOC were recruited from our public health system between February 2015 and July 2019. A baseline EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire and at least one follow-up questionnaire was received from all of the patients. No significant difference over time in the QLQC30 summary scores was observed (p>0.05). The transitory impairment on patients HRQoL immediately after the short-course HIPEC trended to return to baseline at the end of the multimodal treatment. Conclusions: we found no significant impairment of short-course HIPEC on patients HRQoL into the context of our comprehensive treatment protocol.
RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o impacto da quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica (HIPEC) de curta duração (i.e.: 30 minutos) na qualidade de vida (QoL) relacionada à saúde (HRQoL) no contexto de ensaio clínico terapêutico piloto; NCT02249013. Métodos: avaliou-se o desfecho secundário predeterminado de HRQoL em ensaio clínico de fase 2 de segurança e eficácia, aberto, multicêntrico, de braço único, utilizando-se o questionário European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life (EORTC QLQ-C30, versão 3.0). As pacientes foram solicitadas a responder o questionário de HRQoL antes do tratamento, após a HIPEC, e ao fim do tratamento interdisciplinar. As variações da HRQoL ao longo do tempo foram avaliadas pelas medianas dos escores de cada domínio e analisadas pelo teste de Friedman, considerando-se nível de significância estatística bicaudal de 5%. Resultados: quinze pacientes com câncer de ovário de grande volume tumoral foram recrutadas do sistema de saúde pública (i.e.: SUS) entre fevereiro de 2015 e julho 2019. Um questionário basal e pelo menos um questionário de acompanhamento foram coletados de todas as pacientes. Não se observou diferença significativa ao longo do tempo na HRQoL em nenhum dos domínios ou sintomas estudados (p> 0,05). O comprometimento transitório da HRQoL imediatamente após a HIPEC de curta duração tendeu a retornar à linha de base ao final do tratamento multimodal. Conclusões: não se observou impacto significativo da HIPEC de curta duração sobre a HRQoL no contexto deste protocolo de tratamento interdisciplinar.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Neoplasias Ováricas/cirugía , Calidad de Vida , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos de Citorreducción/métodos , Hipertermia Inducida/métodos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Carga Tumoral , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos de Citorreducción/psicología , Hipertermia Inducida/psicología , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has emerged as a main comprehensive treatment of peritoneal malignancies. However, current data on the literature are very heterogeneous in terms of its technical particularities, which require some efforts to standardization of practices. In these setting, we present some early data from a pioneering clinical trial in Brazil (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02249013) to explore the dynamic relationships between flow rates and temperature parameters in the first cases of our study, which may help in selecting better technical parameters during HIPEC procedures.
RESUMO Cirurgia citorredutora avançada e quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica (i.e.: HIPEC, sigla em inglês) têm se consagrado como promissora abordagem terapêutica multidisciplinar para neoplasias malignas peritoneais. Contudo, dados da literatura corrente são muito heterogêneos em torno de muitos de seus aspectos técnicos, o que demanda algum esforço na busca por padronizações do procedimento. Neste sentido, são apresentados dados de um ensaio clínico pioneiro no Brasil (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02249013), relacionando parâmetros dinâmicos de taxas de fluxo e temperaturas de perfusão nos primeiros casos do estudo, o que pode ajudar na seleção de melhores parâmetros técnicos para procedimentos de HIPEC.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Neoplasias Peritoneales/terapia , Quimioterapia del Cáncer por Perfusión Regional , Brasil , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Terapia Combinada , Hipertermia InducidaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Surgical options for morbid obesity are diverse, and the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, initially described by Fobi has gained popularity. Knowledge about the physiology of the bypassed stomach is limited because this newly produced segment of the stomach is inaccessible to endoscopic or contrast radiological studies. AIM: To evaluate the myoelectric activity of the bypassed stomach and its reply to the feeding. METHODS: An experimental protocol was conducted to evaluate postoperative gastric bypassed motility in dogs submitted to the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure. Two groups of five animals were studied on postoperative fasting and after a standard meal, recording electrical response and control activity. Both control and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass operated study group had a pair of electrodes placed on three points of the remaining stomach: fundus, body and antrum. Data registration was performed after complete ileus resolution, and analysed with DATA Q Inst. series 200. RESULTS: The results achieved on the conditions of this study suggest that: 1. the remaining stomach maintain the same pattern of motility; 2. there is a reduced fasting electromyography activity following the Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure; 3. significantly reduced fasting electric control activity when compared both groups, and a markedly reduced fasting response electric activity and; 4. the electric response to the feeding kept the same standard of the stomach, however in a statistically reduced way. CONCLUSION: The electrical activity of the bypassed stomach of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass procedure kept the same pattern but in a statistically reduced number of contraction.
RACIONAL: Dentre a grande diversidade de opções cirúrgicas para obesidade mórbida, a gastroplastia vertical com reconstituição em Y-de-Roux, tornou-se extremamente popular. Dados concernentes à fisiologia do estômago excluído são limitados, desde que este segmento produzido pela cirurgia é inacessível a qualquer endoscopia ou para estudos de radiológicos de contraste. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a atividade de mioelétrica do estômago excluído e sua resposta à alimentação. MÉTODOS: Um protocolo experimental foi conduzido para avaliar no pós-operatório a motilidade do estômago excluído em cães submetidos ao procedimento de gastroplastia vertical com reconstituição em Y-de-Roux. Dois grupos de cinco animais foram estudados durante o período de jejum e pós-prandial, registrando-se a resposta elétrica e atividades de controle. Ambos, o grupo de controle e o grupo operado, receberam três pares de eletrodos colocado em três pontos do estômago excluso: fundo, corpo e antro. O registro de dados foi executado depois da completa resolução de íleo paralítico e analisado com DATAQ Inst série 200. RESULTADOS: Sob as condições deste estudo sugerem: 1. o estômago excluso mantém o mesmo padrão de motilidade; 2. a atividade elétrica de controle e a atividade elétrica de resposta foi significativamente reduzida durante o jejum quando comparados ambos os grupos e 3. a atividade elétrica de resposta mantém os mesmos padrões do estômago normal, embora de maneira estatisticamente reduzida. CONCLUSÕES: A atividade elétrica do estômago excluso durante o procedimento de gastroplastia vertical com reconstituição em Y-de-Roux manteve o mesmo padrão do estômago íntegro, mas com número estatisticamente reduzido de contrações.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Femenino , Derivación Gástrica , Motilidad Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Estómago/cirugía , Estimulación Eléctrica , Electrodos , Electrofisiología , Estómago/fisiologíaRESUMEN
OBJETIVO: Avaliar prospectivamente o tratamento cirúrgico de pacientes portadores de obesidade mórbida, realizadas no Serviço de Cirurgia Geral do HC-UFPE (SCG/HC-UFPE). MÉTODO: No período de novembro de 1997 a fevereiro de 2001 foram operados 228 pacientes oriundos do Ambulatório de Cirurgia Bariátrica do SCG/ HC-UFPE e da clínica privada dos dois primeiros autores. A idade variou de 20 a 59 anos de idade (média de 34 anos). O índice de massa corporal médio (IMC) foi de 46 Kg/m², variando entre 35 e 98 Kg/m². O sexo feminino foi predominante, constituindo 58 por cento dos casos. RESULTADOS: A gastroplastia com bypass jejunal em Y de Roux (operação de Fobi/Capella) foi realizada em 207 pacientes (47 com colecistectomia), gastroplastia vertical (Operação de Mason) em três casos, sete casos de operações descritas por Scopinaro, cinco casos de utilização de banda gástrica por via laparoscópica, cinco casos gastroplastias verticais em Y de Roux (operação de Fobi/Capella) videolaparoscópica e um caso de " Switch duodenal". As comorbidades mais freqüentemente encontradas foram: hipertensão arterial sistêmica (68 por cento), refluxo gastroesofágico (34 por cento), varizes de membros inferiores (36 por cento), artropatia degenerativa (31 por cento), dislipidemia (21 por cento), e diabetes (19 por cento). A presença de colelitíase, com indicação de colecistectomia, ocorreu em 21 por cento dos pacientes. A ferida operatória foi o principal sítio das complicações pós-operatórias: formação de seroma e infecção ocorrendo em 33 por cento e 8,1 por cento respectivamente. Complicações graves ocorreram em 18 pacientes (7,8 por cento), com quatro óbitos (1,8 por cento). O período médio de internamento foi de 4,3 dias. O acompanhamento ambulatorial demonstrou que a perda ponderal média em 12 meses atingiu 41 por cento do peso pré-operatório. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento cirúrgico da obesidade mórbida é uma alternativa eficaz e eficiente no controle do excesso de peso.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to present our prospective experience with the bariatric surgical procedures performed at the University Hospital of the Federal University of Pernambuco. METHODS: Between November 1997 and February 2001, 228 patients underwent a surgical bariatric procedure. RESULTS: Gastric bypass with a Roux-en-Y limb (92 percent) was constructed in 207 patients, vertical gastroplasty (Mason) in three, five laparoscopic gastric banding, five laparoscopic Roux-en-y gastric bypass, seven Scopinaro procedures and one duodenal Switch. The age ranged from 20 to 59 years with a mean of 34 years. The body mass index was 35 to 98 with a mean of 46 Kg/m². Ninety-five men (42 percent) and 133 women (58 percent) were operated upon. The most important preoperative comorbidities were: arterial hypertension (68 percent), gastro esophageal reflux disease (34 percent), chronic venous insufficiency (36 percent) degenerative artropathy (31 percent), dyslipidemia (21 percent) and diabetes (19 percent). Cholelithiasis and cholecistectomy occurred in 20 percent of the patients. Wound complications were frequent. Wound infection and seroma were present in 8,1 percent and 33 percent each. Important postoperative complications occurred in 7,8 percent. We had four postoperative deaths (1,8 percent).The mean hospitalization time was 4.3 days. At 12 months of follow-up the average body weight lost was 41 percent of the preoperative weight. CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of obesity was a safe and efficient alternative to control weight excess.
RESUMEN
OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste trabalho foi de avaliar uma metodologia simples adotada há 23 anos em um hospital público universitário no controle das infecções pós-cirúrgicas. MÉTODO: A casuística estudada compreende um total de 42.274 cirurgias realizadas no Serviço de Cirurgia Geral do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE) (janeiro de 1977 a dezembro de 1999). Os dados foram obtidos através um sistema de busca ativa de infecção e de um sistema de vigilância epidemiológica de seguimento pós-operatório, no ambulatório de egressos. A Comissão de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar (CCIH) do Hospital das Clínicas (HC) da UFPE concentrou sua atuação na prevenção, dando ênfase ao: diagnóstico preciso dos casos de infecção; higiene corporal; controle das afecções associadas; internamento pré-operatório; cuidados com tricotomia; anti-sepsia e assepsia; técnica cirúrgica adequada; divulgação dos resultados e da relação infecção/cirurgião/anestesista e rigoroso controle de antimicrobianos. RESULTADOS: A taxa de infecção de ferida passou de índices em torno de 15-20 por cento para os atuais 7,7 por cento. A infecção urinária foi reduzida de 18,2 por cento para 0,4 por cento, e a infecção respiratória de 22,9 por cento para 2,7 por cento. A mortalidade em decorrência de infecção foi reduzida de 2,8 por cento para os atuais 0,9 por cento e a taxa de infecção de ferida em cirurgia limpa de 12,8 por cento para 3,4 por cento. Na cirurgia ambulatorial, das 27.580 operações a taxa de infecção de ferida foi de 0,4 por cento e a mortalidade de 0,007 por cento. CONCLUSÃO: O que tentamos comprovar com a divulgação de nossos resultados é que controle de infecção se faz com decisão política, força de vontade e motivação em controlar o problema da infecção hospitalar.
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was evaluate a methodology during 23 years in a public hospital used infection for control of surgeries. METHODS: A total of 42,274 surgeries in the General Surgery Division of the Clinics Hospital of the Pernambuco Federal University (January of 1977 until December 1999) were evaluated. The data were acquired through a active search system by the infection control nurse and an epidemiological search during the postoperative period, in the outpatient clinic that centralized all surgical patients after discharge. The infection control committee concentrated its action in the prevention emphasizing precise diagnosis of infections cases; corporal cleaning, control of associated infection, minimal preoperative period, care with the shaving; rigorous asepsia and antisepsia; adequate surgical technique; notification of the infection control results and the infection/surgeon/anesthetist rates; and a rigorous antimicrobial control. RESULTS: Wound infection rate dropped from 15-20 percent to the actual rate of 7.7 percent. Urinary infection was reduced from 18.2 percent to 0.4 percent, and the respiratory infection from 22.9 percent to 2.7 percent. The mortality related to infection was reduced from 2.8 percent to 0.9 percent and the rate of wound infection in clean surgeries from 12.8 percent to 3.4 percent. In the outpatient surgeries (27,580) the wound infection was 0.4 percent and the global mortality was 0.007 percent. CONCLUSION: The authors demonstrated that infection control is not made by expensive investments and equipaments, or computadorized ambient. Infection control is made, in our view, by political decision, manpower and motivation to control the infection control problem.