[Epidemiology of a cohort of 450 urolithiasis at the Yalgado Ouédraogo university hospital of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso)]. / Épidémiologie d'une cohorte de 450 lithiasesurinaires au CHU Yalgado Ouédraogo deOuagadougou (Burkina Faso).

OBJECTIVE: To report the epidemiological and diagnosis characteristics of urolithiasis in the city of Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso). PATIENTS AND METHODS: We performed a retrospective and descriptive study of a cohort of urolithiasis patients from January 2009 to December 2011 at the department of urology of the Yalgado Ouédraogo University hospital of Ouagadougou. The minimum required data were: age, gender, occupation, residence, complete medical observation and medical imaging results. RESULTS: Four hundred and fifty patients with a median age of 35 years were included in this study. Urinary stones prevalence was 12.5%. There was a male predominance with a sex ratio of 1.91. Renal colic found in 32% of patients was the main pattern of consultation. Urinary schistosomiasis was the main etiological factor correlated with the occurrence of urolithiasis (P < 0.05). The majority of urinary stones in this study were located in the upper urinary tract (86.5%). Complications were dominated by urinary tract infections (45.2%) and obstructive renal failure (8.9%). CONCLUSION: The characteristics of urolithiasis in our center were similar to those reported in the developing world but seem to evolve toward those of industrialized countries.

[Local recurrence of renal carcinoma after laparoscopic partial nephrectomy]. / Récidive locale après néphrectomie partielle laparoscopique (NPL) pour cancer du rein.

We report the case of an early local recurrence after a laparoscopic partial nephrectomy (LPN) for a Furhman grade 1-2 clear cell renal carcinoma (CCRC). CT scan at 6 months revealed a local recurrence. An open total nephrectomy was performed. There were six nodules in the perirenal fat from a grade 3 CCRC. Twenty-six months after the LPN, the patient had a wound recurrence, which was surgically removed. Four months after the wound recurrence, the patient had pulmonary, liver and adrenal glands metastasis. He received an oral treatment with sunitinib. At 4 months after the initiation of the sunitinib, he had a total response.

[Total prostatectomy for stage D1 cancers]. / La prostatectomie totale dans les stades D1.

Nineteen patients with stage D1 (TXN/MO) prostatic adenocarcinomas were treated with radical prostatectomy and adjuvant radiation therapy. The latter was aortoiliac for stage B tumors and aortoiliac plus pelvic for stage C tumors. No hormonal therapy was associated to this. Lymph node invasion was multifocal in 10 of 19 cases, bilateral in 3 cases, and massive with rupture of the capsule and invasion of the fat surrounding the lymph nodes in 3. The maximum follow-up was 17 years, with a minimum follow-up of 1 year. The dosage of the prostatic specific antigen (PSA) has been an essential element of surveillance since 1987. Eight patients died of their cancer, 11 are alive, including 9 alive and healthy (47%). Among the latter, 5 (26%) are alive without any treatment, with a prostatic antigen level around zero at a follow-up of 6 to 12 years. The review of the literature shows that nonsurgical treatments have a palliative effect for stage D1 tumors, and that surgery alone is not always sufficient. Surgery must be followed by radiation therapy, the only modality likely to complete the effect of radical surgery with the same curative purpose.

Evidence for the existence of two human CYP2E1 cDNAs using different polyadenylation signals.

We have isolated a cDNA (named P450 A) which is a variant of CYP2E1 presenting some differences in the 3' non coding region. Two substitutions and only one polyadenylation signal were detected on P450 A compared to CYP2E1 where there are two. With the aim of studying the frequency of utilization of these polyadenylation signals, probe A and probe J specific for P450 A and CYP2E1, respectively, were hybridized on human hepatic and extra-hepatic cDNA samples. Results indicated that in all tissues tested only P450 A using the first polyadenylation signal was detected. The CYP2E1 cDNA isolated by Song et al could be representative of a transcript either rarely represented among the Caucasian population, or expressed in a particular individual or ethnic population, or rapidly degraded.

Lupus cystitis: a possible additive risk factor for emphysematous cystitis in diabetes mellitus: discussion about one case.

Emphysematous cystitis (EC) is a rare condition in which gas-forming organisms are active in the bladder wall and lumen. Most of the cases have been described in patients suffering from diabetes mellitus due to glucosuria and subsequent anaerobic fermentation of glucose. To our knowledge this condition has never been described in association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). We report here the first case of EC during the course of a chronic lupus cystitis (LC) in a woman suffering from SLE and type-I diabetes mellitus.

Modulation of MDR1 and CYP3A expression by dexamethasone: evidence for an inverse regulation in adrenals.

A strong overlap exists between gp170 and CYP3A substrates and inducers. In order to investigate a putative coregulation of MDR and CYPA gene expression, we measured their transcripts in human liver and after dexamethasone treatment in HepG2 cells or in different mouse tissues. In human liver, we observed no correlation between MDR1 and CYP3A4 expression, whereas these genes were coinduced by dexamethasone in HepG2 cells. In mouse liver treated with dexamethasone, mdr1b and Cyp3a were induced (5- and 2-fold, respectively). In adrenals, the main expressing gp170 tissue, Cyp3a, was increased while mdr1b was repressed (-51%). The expression of mdr1b increased in heart, brain, and colon and decreased in lung and kidney but Cyp3a was not detectable. In conclusion, human hepatic CYP3A4 and MDR1 are not corregulated but are coinducible. In vivo murine mdr1b and Cyp3a are coregulated by dexamethasone in liver and inversely regulated in adrenals.