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1.
Matern Child Health J ; 20(10): 2179-88, 2016 10.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27395383

RESUMEN

Objectives This study explored nutrition knowledge of pregnant women, and how it correlated with participant characteristics, their main sources of information and changes to their diet since becoming pregnant. Methods Pregnant women residing in Australia accessing pregnancy forums on the internet were invited to complete a web-based questionnaire on general nutrition and pregnancy-specific nutrition guidelines. Results Of the 165 eligible questionnaire responses, 114 were complete and included in the analysis. Pregnancy nutrition knowledge was associated with education (r s = 0.21, p < 0.05) and income (r s = 0.21, p < 0.05). Only 2 % of pregnant women achieved nutrition knowledge scores over 80 %. Few women received nutrition advice during their pregnancy, of which most were advised by their doctor. Dietary changes adopted since becoming pregnant included consuming more fruit, vegetables, dairy and high fibre foods. Conclusions for Practice Pregnant women in this study had limited knowledge of the dietary guidelines for healthy eating during pregnancy. Furthermore, nutrition counselling in maternity care appears to be infrequent. One approach to optimising maternal diets and subsequently preventing adverse health outcomes is to enhance their knowledge of the pregnancy nutrition guidelines through the provision of nutritional counselling. Furthermore, research exploring the access and use of nutrition resources, and nutrition advice provided to pregnant women is recommended to understand how knowledge impacts on dietary behaviour.


Asunto(s)
Dieta Saludable , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Política Nutricional , Mujeres Embarazadas/psicología , Fenómenos Fisiologicos de la Nutrición Prenatal , Adulto , Australia , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Internet , Madres , Encuestas Nutricionales , Embarazo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto Joven
2.
Vaccine ; 42(10): 2661-2671, 2024 Apr 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38490823

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: Prior experience of an adverse event following immunisation is a known barrier to vaccination. Limited Australian data evaluating adverse event recurrence among children exists to inform clinical decisions. We aimed to assess adverse event following immunisation recurrence among children with prior adverse events and to evaluate if family history increased adverse event risk. METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted from March 3rd until August 18th, 2023. Children ≤ 16 years with prior adverse events following immunisation in themselves or family were recruited from specialist immunisation clinics at two quaternary paediatric hospitals. Adverse event outcomes were collected via surveys administered at presentation, three, and eight days post vaccination, and analysed by key characteristics and potential risk factors. RESULTS: Forty three of forty nine (43/49, 87.8 %) children enrolled received further vaccines. Of those who completed the follow up surveys, 50.0 % (16/32) reported an adverse event. Recurrence of prior adverse events occurred for 23.3 % (10/43, 95 % CI: 11.8 % - 38.6 %) of the cohort. Two of twelve (2/12, 16.7 %) participants with prior serious adverse events who received further vaccines reported a serious adverse event recurrence. No post review serious adverse events were observed in children with prior non serious adverse events. Neurological conditions were a risk factor for prior (neurological condition 3/3 versus no neurological condition 2/40, p < 0.001) and post review (neurological condition 2/3 versus no neurological condition 0/28, p = 0.006) post vaccination seizures. Family history had no relationship to post review adverse events (family history 5/8 versus no family history 11/23, p = 0.685). CONCLUSION: Revaccination is safe for the majority of children with a personal or family history of adverse event following immunisation.


Asunto(s)
Vacunación , Vacunas , Niño , Humanos , Australia , Inmunización Secundaria , Estudios Prospectivos , Vacunación/efectos adversos , Vacunas/efectos adversos , Adolescente
3.
Midwifery ; 116: 103543, 2023 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36403508

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Nutrition education for clinicians providing pregnancy care has the potential to enhance pregnant women's diet quality, leading to healthier outcomes for mother and baby. Following a study demonstrating nutrition knowledge gaps, an online training module was developed, implemented, and evaluated. METHODS: Antenatal care providers completed a pregnancy nutrition knowledge questionnaire to assess knowledge levels at baseline (n = 97) and nine months after the introduction of online training (n = 64). FINDINGS: Knowledge scores at baseline and post-training implementation were not significantly different. Sub-group post-training knowledge scores between clinicians who completed the training module was higher than for those that did not complete the training module. User experience of the training module was positive and they felt it was useful in enhancing nutrition knowledge. Just under half of clinicians felt more confident in providing nutrition advice as part of their pregnancy care. Clinicians reported that time constraints prevented them from completing the nutrition training and/or providing nutrition education. Despite the positive experience of completing the online training module, a majority of clinicians surveyed indicated they preferred face-to-face training. CONCLUSION: Further research exploring how nutrition is prioritised in antenatal appointments and how knowledge levels influence nutrition education practices is needed.


Asunto(s)
Atención Prenatal , Fenómenos Fisiologicos de la Nutrición Prenatal , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Educación en Salud , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Consejo
4.
Nutr Rev ; 82(1): 76-89, 2023 Dec 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37120152

RESUMEN

CONTEXT: Food insecurity is an important determinant of health and should be identified by clinicians during routine reproductive healthcare. The procedures used in reproductive healthcare settings to identify people experiencing food insecurity have not been fully researched. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to synthesize evidence from published studies that describe the procedures implemented by clinicians in healthcare settings to identify food insecurity in pregnant women, or women of reproductive age (15 years-49 years). DATA SOURCES: Four databases were searched in April 2022 to identify studies that met the eligibility criteria. DATA EXTRACTION: Studies that used tools that were both validated or newly developed were considered, as were studies that incorporated food insecurity screening as part of a multidomain screening tool. Two authors completed the screening, data extraction, and quality assessment independently. DATA ANALYSIS: There were 1075 studies identified; after screening, 7 studies were included in the narrative synthesis, including studies relating to women who were pregnant or in the postpartum period; none of the included studies related to women in the preconception stage. Four screening tools were identified: 2- and 6-item tools specifically focused on food insecurity, a 58-item multidomain tool incorporating 4 food insecurity items, and a modified version of the 2-item tool. Methods of implementing screening varied across studies. Three described subsequent processes that supported food-insecure patients once identified. CONCLUSION: Few published studies have investigated optimal screening tools and their implementation within reproductive healthcare settings to address food insecurity for this priority population group. Further research is required to determine: the optimal tool, preferable screening methods from the perspectives of both patients and clinicians, and potential strategies for implementation in countries outside of the United States. An additional evidence gap remains about referral pathways and appropriate supports for this population once food insecurity is identified. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022319687.


Asunto(s)
Atención a la Salud , Mujeres Embarazadas , Adolescente , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Inseguridad Alimentaria , Abastecimiento de Alimentos , Periodo Posparto , Estados Unidos
5.
Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol ; 52(5): 427-32, 2012 Oct.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22510020

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Thirty-four per cent of Australian women having a baby are overweight or obese. Excessive gestational weight gain leads to significant complications for mother and baby, not only during the pregnancy but in the long term. Limiting weight gain in pregnancy is thought to reduce complications, but there is limited evidence to guide practice. AIM: To test the feasibility and acceptance of an intervention aimed at limiting gestational weight gain in obese pregnant women. METHODS: A low-cost multidisciplinary program, comprised of four individual dietary education sessions and three exercise classes, was developed and implemented at a tertiary hospital in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia. The Maternal Weight Management program was offered to obese women at their pregnancy booking visit. Program uptake and women's views of the program were explored via telephone survey, and pregnancy and birth outcomes collected. RESULTS: Seventy-four women participated in this pilot study; 95% attended at least one session of the program and the attrition rates were high. Fifty-three per cent completed the postnatal survey. Women confirmed their preference for individual appointments and felt it was important for the hospital to offer a weight management program. CONCLUSIONS: The program we designed had poor uptake and cannot be recommended in its current format. Future studies and considerations could look at more acceptable program design and recruitment strategies and should include formative work with women who would be eligible for such intervention.


Asunto(s)
Dieta , Terapia por Ejercicio , Obesidad/terapia , Aceptación de la Atención de Salud , Complicaciones del Embarazo/terapia , Aumento de Peso , Adulto , Australia , Índice de Masa Corporal , Femenino , Humanos , Estilo de Vida , Obesidad/complicaciones , Educación del Paciente como Asunto , Proyectos Piloto , Embarazo , Complicaciones del Embarazo/prevención & control , Atención Prenatal
6.
Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol ; 275: 24-30, 2022 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35714501

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Gestational weight gain (GWG) has been associated with maternal and child health outcomes, but knowledge of appropriate GWG for twin gestations is limited. STUDY DESIGN: The Peri/Postnatal Epigenetic Twins Study is a prospective twin cohort study of 250 women and their twin children in Melbourne, Australia. We modeled trajectories of GWG using group-based growth modeling and compared these trajectories to GWG categories (within, above, or below current GWG recommendations for twin pregnancy). We fitted robust linear and Poisson regression models to assess associations of maternal pre-pregnancy and gestational exposures with risk of gaining weight outside the recommendations. RESULTS: Of the 250 women enrolled in the PETS, GWG measures were available for 172 women. Forty-seven percent of women had GWG within the current recommendations. We identified three GWG trajectories - 23.6% of women had low GWG throughout pregnancy, 34.5% had average GWG throughout pregnancy, and 42.0% had average initial GWG, followed by high GWG from trimester two until delivery. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was associated with increased risk of inadequate GWG (RR: 2.40, 95%CI: 1.53, 3.75). Pre-pregnancy obesity (RR: 1.88, 95%CI: 1.09, 3.26) and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (RR: 2.64, 95%CI: 1.20, 5.81) were associated with increased risk of excessive GWG. CONCLUSIONS: More than half of the women in the PETS did not meet the current GWG recommendations. Women with GDM or hypertensive disorders were more likely to gain weight outside these guidelines. More research is needed to establish comprehensive guidelines for twin pregnancies.


Asunto(s)
Diabetes Gestacional , Ganancia de Peso Gestacional , Australia/epidemiología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Niño , Estudios de Cohortes , Diabetes Gestacional/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Embarazo , Resultado del Embarazo , Embarazo Gemelar , Estudios Prospectivos
7.
J Dev Orig Health Dis ; 13(6): 757-765, 2022 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35322788

RESUMEN

Multifetal pregnancies are at risk of adverse maternal, neonatal and long-term health outcomes, and gestational weight gain (GWG) is a potentially modifiable risk factor for several of these. However, studies assessing the associations of GWG with long-term health in twins are rare, and studies which do assess these associations in twins often do not account for gestational age. Since longer gestations are likely to lead to larger GWG and lower risk of adverse outcomes, adjusting for gestational age is necessary to better understand the association of GWG with twin health outcomes. We aimed to explore long-term associations of GWG-for-gestational-age with twin anthropometric measures. The Peri/Postnatal Epigenetic Twins Study (PETS) is a prospective cohort study, which recruited women pregnant with twins from 2007 to 2009. Twins were followed-up at 18 months and 6 years of age. GWG-for-gestational-age z-scores were calculated from pre-pregnancy weight and weight at delivery. We fitted regression models to assess associations of GWG with twin weight, height and BMI at birth, 18 months, and 6 years. Of the 250 women in the PETS, 172 had GWG measured throughout pregnancy. Overall, higher GWG-for-gestational-age z-scores were associated with higher birthweight (ß: 0.32 z-scores, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): 0.19, 0.45), BMI (ß: 0.29 z-scores, 95% CI: 0.14, 0.43) and length (ß: 0.27 z-scores, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.45). However, these associations were not observed at 18 months or 6 years of age. GWG was associated with twin length, weight and BMI at birth but not during childhood. Further research is needed to determine the long-term effects of GWG on twin health outcomes.


Asunto(s)
Ganancia de Peso Gestacional , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Embarazo , Peso al Nacer , Índice de Masa Corporal , Epigénesis Genética , Resultado del Embarazo , Estudios Prospectivos
8.
Int J Bioprint ; 7(4): 393, 2021.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34805589

RESUMEN

Three-dimensional food printing offers the possibility of modifying the structural design, nutrition, and texture of food, which may be used for consumers with special dietary requirements such as dysphagic patients. One of the food matrices that can be used for liquid delivery to dysphagic patients is food foams. Foams are widely used in different food products to adjust food density, rheological properties, and texture. Foams allow the food to stay in the mouth for sufficient time to provide hydration while minimizing the danger of choking. Our work studies the foam properties and printability of both egg white foams and eggless foams with a strong focus on their foaming properties, rheological properties, printability, and suitability for dysphagic patients. Food hydrocolloid, xanthan gum (XG), is added to improve foam stability and rheological properties so that the inks are printable. Rheological and syneresis properties of the pre-printed foam inks are examined. The texture profile and microstructure properties are studied post-printing. International dysphagia diet standardization initiative tests are carried out to assess the inks' potential for dysphagic diets. Inks with XG performed better with minimal water seepage, better foam stability, and excellent printability. This suggests that hydrocolloids lead to more stable food foams that are suitable for 3DFP and safe for hydration delivery to dysphagic patients.

9.
Neuron ; 103(5): 836-852.e5, 2019 09 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31277925

RESUMEN

Polarized, non-overlapping, regularly spaced, tiled organization of radial glial cells (RGCs) serves as a framework to generate and organize cortical neuronal columns, layers, and circuitry. Here, we show that mediator of cell motility 1 (Memo1) is a critical determinant of radial glial tiling during neocortical development. Memo1 deletion or knockdown leads to hyperbranching of RGC basal processes and disrupted RGC tiling, resulting in aberrant radial unit assembly and neuronal layering. Memo1 regulates microtubule (MT) stability necessary for RGC tiling. Memo1 deficiency leads to disrupted MT minus-end CAMSAP2 distribution, initiation of aberrant MT branching, and altered polarized trafficking of key basal domain proteins such as GPR56, and thus aberrant RGC tiling. These findings identify Memo1 as a mediator of RGC scaffold tiling, necessary to generate and organize neurons into functional ensembles in the developing cerebral cortex.


Asunto(s)
Células Ependimogliales/metabolismo , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/genética , Neocórtex/embriología , Células-Madre Neurales/metabolismo , Neuronas/metabolismo , Animales , Trastorno Autístico/genética , Movimiento Celular/genética , Polaridad Celular , Cerebelo/embriología , Corteza Cerebral/citología , Corteza Cerebral/embriología , Corteza Cerebral/metabolismo , Células Ependimogliales/citología , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Células HEK293 , Hipocampo/embriología , Humanos , Ratones , Proteínas Asociadas a Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Neocórtex/citología , Neocórtex/metabolismo , Células-Madre Neurales/citología , Neuronas/citología , Transporte de Proteínas , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo
10.
Dev Cell ; 51(6): 759-774.e5, 2019 12 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31846650

RESUMEN

Appropriate axonal growth and connectivity are essential for functional wiring of the brain. Joubert syndrome-related disorders (JSRD), a group of ciliopathies in which mutations disrupt primary cilia function, are characterized by axonal tract malformations. However, little is known about how cilia-driven signaling regulates axonal growth and connectivity. We demonstrate that the deletion of related JSRD genes, Arl13b and Inpp5e, in projection neurons leads to de-fasciculated and misoriented axonal tracts. Arl13b deletion disrupts the function of its downstream effector, Inpp5e, and deregulates ciliary-PI3K/AKT signaling. Chemogenetic activation of ciliary GPCR signaling and cilia-specific optogenetic modulation of downstream second messenger cascades (PI3K, AKT, and AC3) commonly regulated by ciliary signaling receptors induce rapid changes in axonal dynamics. Further, Arl13b deletion leads to changes in transcriptional landscape associated with dysregulated PI3K/AKT signaling. These data suggest that ciliary signaling acts to modulate axonal connectivity and that impaired primary cilia signaling underlies axonal tract defects in JSRD.


Asunto(s)
Anomalías Múltiples/metabolismo , Axones/metabolismo , Cerebelo/anomalías , Cilios/metabolismo , Anomalías del Ojo/genética , Enfermedades Renales Quísticas/metabolismo , Retina/anomalías , Anomalías Múltiples/genética , Animales , Cerebelo/metabolismo , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Anomalías del Ojo/metabolismo , Enfermedades Renales Quísticas/genética , Ratones , Mutación/genética , Neurogénesis/fisiología , Retina/metabolismo
11.
Psychol Assess ; 30(4): 539-549, 2018 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28557476

RESUMEN

Many longitudinal studies entail repeated computerized cognitive testing. However, few of the measures frequently employed for assessing cognitive changes have been examined for within- and between-day retest effects over multiple time points. To address gaps in the repeated cognitive assessment literature, in the current study 20 male undergraduate students completed a computerized cognitive battery 6 times over 3 testing days, each 1 week apart. Performance shifts and test-retest reliability (TRR) varied for different measured variables. Reaction times (RTs) on tasks designed to measure inhibition, switching, and selective attention generally showed good TRR, and few or only gradual improvements over time, suggesting that these measures are suitable for use in repeated testing, and that the inclusion of brief familiarization periods sufficed to resolve initial practice effects. Similar findings were observed for both accuracy and speed on a 2-back working memory task. In contrast, RTs on a basic visuomotor task showed worsening performance across time (likely reflecting boredom effects) and poor TRR, suggesting unsuitability for measuring change in cognitive performance. Cost scores designed to assess inhibition, switching, and selective attention showed poor TRR, as did scoring metrics from visuospatial short-term and working memory tasks (Corsi block paradigm). This low reliability suggests that these scores may not be suitable for use in repeated assessment, and calls into question their validity as measures of the specified cognitive functions. Researchers planning studies entailing computerized assessment of cognitive functioning in healthy young adults should consider the current results when selecting suitable cognitive tasks and measures. (PsycINFO Database Record


Asunto(s)
Cognición/fisiología , Diagnóstico por Computador/métodos , Pruebas Neuropsicológicas/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Adulto , Atención/fisiología , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Memoria a Corto Plazo/fisiología , Tiempo de Reacción/fisiología , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Estudiantes/psicología , Adulto Joven
12.
Women Birth ; 31(4): 269-277, 2018 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29126796

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Dietary intake of pregnant women do not appear to meet the dietary recommendations. Nutrition knowledge and practices of pregnant women and their antenatal care clinicians are factors that may be influential on dietary intakes of pregnant women. AIM: To assess and compare pregnancy nutrition recommendation knowledge and to explore how nutrition knowledge impacts on food choices in pregnant women and nutrition education practices of antenatal care providers. METHODS: An explanatory sequential research mixed methods study design was applied. All participants were recruited from a metropolitan maternity hospital in Melbourne, Australia. The first phase assessed pregnancy nutrition knowledge and sources of nutrition information using a questionnaire (n=202) then followed semi-structured interviews with women and clinicians (n=31). FINDINGS: The clinicians obtained significantly higher nutrition scores than compared to women, however, nutrition knowledge gaps were highlighted for both women and clinicians. Women reported receiving limited nutrition advice, a reflection of the clinicians reporting they provided limited nutrition advice. CONCLUSION: A key challenge for women adhering to dietary recommendations was having inadequate knowledge of the dietary recommendations and receiving limited information from their care providers. Similarly, as well as time constraints, limited nutrition knowledge and a lack of nutrition training impacted on the capacity of clinicians to provide adequate nutrition education.


Asunto(s)
Dieta , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Mujeres Embarazadas/psicología , Atención Prenatal , Adulto , Australia , Consejo , Femenino , Humanos , Política Nutricional , Estado Nutricional , Embarazo , Fenómenos Fisiologicos de la Nutrición Prenatal , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto Joven
13.
Midwifery ; 67: 70-76, 2018 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30267936

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: To compare the dietary intake of pregnant women to the 2013 Australian Dietary Guidelines and explore factors associated with inadequate intake. DESIGN: Dietary intake data were collected between July 2011 and July 2012 (n = 1570) using a 74-item food frequency questionnaire. SETTING: Metropolitan public health hospitals in Melbourne, Australia. PARTICIPANTS: Pregnant women, at least 16 years of age, with a singleton pregnancy, and literate in English. MEASUREMENTS AND FINDINGS: The highest proportion of women met the recommended daily servings for fruit (65.7%), followed by dairy products (55.2%), meat/meat alternatives (31.1%), vegetables (10.3%), and then grain foods (1.8%). A majority of women (83.8%) regularly consumed up to 2.5 serves of discretionary foods per day. Only one woman met the minimum recommended daily servings for all five food groups. Women who were obese were more likely to consume an inadequate diet (Adj. OR 2.13, 95% CI 1.53, 2.95); and having a university degree was associated with a lower odds of consuming an inadequate diet (Adj. OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.50, 0.78). KEY CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Pregnancy care providers need to be aware of women's low compliance with the national dietary guidelines, particularly regarding the poor intake of vegetables and grain foods; targeted as well as population-based approaches may be required.


Asunto(s)
Ingestión de Energía , Conducta Alimentaria , Política Nutricional , Necesidades Nutricionales , Adulto , Estudios de Cohortes , Femenino , Alimentos , Humanos , Partería , Embarazo , Atención Prenatal , Estudios Prospectivos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Victoria , Adulto Joven
14.
Sci Rep ; 8(1): 1599, 2018 01 25.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29371649

RESUMEN

Human hair is laminar-fibrous tissue and an evolutionarily old keratinization product of follicle trichocytes. Studies on the hair proteome can give new insights into hair function and lead to the development of novel biomarkers for hair in health and disease. Human hair proteins were extracted by detergent and detergent-free techniques. We adopted a shotgun proteomics approach, which demonstrated a large extractability and variety of hair proteins after detergent extraction. We found an enrichment of keratin, keratin-associated proteins (KAPs), and intermediate filament proteins, which were part of protein networks associated with response to stress, innate immunity, epidermis development, and the hair cycle. Our analysis also revealed a significant deamidation of keratin type I and II, and KAPs. The hair shafts were found to contain several types of histones, which are well known to exert antimicrobial activity. Analysis of the hair proteome, particularly its composition, protein abundances, deamidated hair proteins, and modification sites, may offer a novel approach to explore potential biomarkers of hair health quality, hair diseases, and aging.


Asunto(s)
Cabello/química , Histonas/análisis , Queratinas Específicas del Pelo/análisis , Proteoma/análisis , Humanos , Procesamiento Proteico-Postraduccional
15.
ACS Macro Lett ; 4(9): 886-891, 2015 Sep 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35596452

RESUMEN

Biodegradable polycarbonate-based ABA triblock copolyelectrolytes were synthesized and formulated into physically cross-linked hydrogels. These biocompatible, cationically, and anionically charged hydrogel materials exhibited pronounced shear-thinning behavior, making them useful for a variety of biomedical applications. For example, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of positively charged thiouronium functionalized hydrogels by microbial growth inhibition assays against several clinically relevant Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. It is noteworthy that these hydrogels exhibited broad spectrum killing efficiencies approaching 100%, thereby rendering these thixotropic materials attractive for treatment of skin and other surface bound infections. Finally, cationic trimethylammonium containing hydrogels and anionic carboxylic acid functionalized hydrogels were utilized to sustain the release of negatively charged (diclofenac) and positively charged (vancomycin) therapeutics, respectively. Collectively, the present work introduces a simple method for formulating charged hydrogel materials that are capable of interacting with various analytes of interest through noncovalent interactions.

16.
Res Q Exerc Sport ; 79(1): 51-61, 2008 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18431951

RESUMEN

The present study used an interaction approach to investigate how individuals' dispositions about ability as incremental or fixed (entity), manipulated learning environments, and intrinsic motivation affect persistence and performance on a challenging, novel motor skill. Seventy-two female college students who were assigned to either an incremental or entity learning condition for instruction and practice completed questionnaires and attempted to learn the skill. The results indicated that participants oriented toward incremental beliefs were likely to be more intrinsically motivated. Participants who were intrinsically motivated were likely to perform better on a final skill test. The significant interaction effect on persistence suggests that participants who were highly intrinsically motivated in the incremental condition persisted longer than those in the entity condition.


Asunto(s)
Aprendizaje , Motivación , Destreza Motora , Autoeficacia , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Psicología Educacional , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Enseñanza/métodos
17.
Res Q Exerc Sport ; 79(1): 92-100, 2008 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18431955

RESUMEN

This study was an initial attempt to investigate the relationships among self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, behavioral intention, and actual behavior over time in a beginning weight training class. A total of 109 participants completed questionnaires assessing their self-efficacy, outcome expectancy, and intentions for future weight training. Their attendance and workout logs were calculated as a measure of actual behavior. Correlation analyses revealed significant positive relationships among all the variables during both program periods. Multiple regression analyses indicated that outcome expectancy initially played a more important role than self-efficacy in predicting behavioral intention and actual behavior. However, self-efficacy appeared more influential at midprogram. Findings of this study can enhance our understanding of the determining factors for individuals' motivated behaviors in college physical activity classes.


Asunto(s)
Intención , Autoeficacia , Estudiantes/psicología , Levantamiento de Peso/psicología , Logro , Adolescente , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico , Análisis de Regresión , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Universidades , Soporte de Peso/fisiología
18.
Res Q Exerc Sport ; 76(2 Suppl): S108-21, 2005 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16122134

RESUMEN

This paper examines the growth in research on teaching, curriculum, and teacher education in Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, describing how this body of work has evolved over the past 75 years. The research stream progressed from "expert" discourses about what physical education should be to scientific approaches that have generated a body of knowledge based on evidence rather than beliefs. Investigations focused on the teaching and learning process have evolved to provide research-based benchmarks for designing teacher education programs and evaluating instruction as well as informing effective teaching practice. We advocate for a broad view of pedagogy and argue that pedagogical researchers can make an important contribution to efforts to increase levels of physical activity through interdisciplinary projects.


Asunto(s)
Publicaciones Periódicas como Asunto/historia , Educación y Entrenamiento Físico , Investigación/historia , Enseñanza , Ejercicio Físico , Historia del Siglo XX , Humanos , Deportes
19.
Res Q Exerc Sport ; 73(1): 58-65, 2002 Mar.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11926485

RESUMEN

Achievement goals and perceived motivational climate are two important constructs in achievement goal theory, and they play critical roles in student motivation and behavior Traditionally, these two constructs have been examined separately. The present study examined relationships between the two constructs and students' self-reported mastery behaviors as well as age-related differences. Three hundred eight students in 4th, 8th, and 11th grades completed questionnaires assessing their achievement goals, perceived motivational climate, and perceptions of their mastery behaviors. Results indicated that achievement goals and perceived motivational climate were related to students' self-reported mastery behaviors. However, the relations varied depending on the students' ages. The older students, compared to the younger ones, appeared to be inclined more toward ego orientation and the ego-involved climate. A multiple achievement goals perspective is recommended for future research on relationships among achievement goals, perceived motivational climate and achievement-related cognitions, and behaviors in physical education.


Asunto(s)
Logro , Objetivos , Motivación , Deportes/psicología , Adolescente , Análisis de Varianza , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Análisis de Regresión , Autoimagen , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
20.
Contemp Educ Psychol ; 26(3): 348-365, 2001 Jul.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11414725

RESUMEN

This study focused on comparisons of American and Chinese students in conceptions of ability and achievement goals in physical education. Three hundred eight American students and 371 Chinese students in 4th, 8th, and 11th grades completed questionnaires assessing their conceptions of ability and achievement goals. Results indicated that for both American and Chinese students, as they progressed through the grades they tended to develop a differentiated conception of ability and to become more ego-oriented. Achievement goals were related to conceptions of ability. Cultural differences were found in the two variables. The findings offer additional empirical support to the view that goal theory is relevant to physical education settings and that achievement-related cognitions vary as a function of children's age and cultural background. Copyright 2001 Academic Press.

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