RESUMEN
COPD is a major cause of mortality in the western world. A(2A) agonists are postulated to reduce the lung inflammation that causes COPD. The cardiovascular effects of A(2A) agonists dictate that a compound needs to be delivered by inhalation to be therapeutically useful. The pharmacological and pharmacokinetic SAR of a series of inhaled A(2A) agonists is described leading through to human pharmacokinetic data for a clinical candidate.
Asunto(s)
Agonistas del Receptor de Adenosina A2 , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Adenosina/química , Administración por Inhalación , Adolescente , Adulto , Animales , Química Farmacéutica/métodos , Diseño de Fármacos , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Pulmón/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Modelos Químicos , Fenetilaminas/química , Purinas/química , Ratas , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Triazoles/químicaRESUMEN
COPD is a major cause of mortality in the western world. A(2A) agonists are postulated to reduce the lung inflammation that causes COPD. The cardiovascular effects of A(2A) agonists dictate that a compound needs to be delivered by inhalation to be therapeutically useful. A strategy of minimizing side-effect liability by maximizing systemic clearance was followed and pharmacological and pharmacokinetic SAR of a series of inhaled A(2A) agonists described. A sevenfold improvement in potency and 150-fold reduction in side-effect liability over the lead compound CGS-21680, were obtained.
Asunto(s)
Agonistas del Receptor de Adenosina A2 , Adenosina/análogos & derivados , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Adenosina/farmacocinética , Adenosina/farmacología , Administración por Inhalación , Administración Oral , Aminas/farmacocinética , Aminas/farmacología , Animales , Cobayas , Humanos , Pulmón/metabolismo , Fenetilaminas/farmacocinética , Fenetilaminas/farmacología , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/metabolismo , Ratas , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
This paper describes the identification and optimization of a novel series of DFG-out binding p38 inhibitors as inhaled agents for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Structure based drug design and "inhalation by design" principles have been applied to the optimization of the lead series exemplied by compound 1a. Analogues have been designed to be potent and selective for p38, with an emphasis on slow enzyme dissociation kinetics to deliver prolonged lung p38 inhibition. Pharmacokinetic properties were tuned with high intrinsic clearance and low oral bioavailability in mind, to minimize systemic exposure and reduce systemically driven adverse events. High CYP mediated clearance and glucuronidation were targeted to achieve high intrinsic clearance coupled with multiple routes of clearance to minimize drug-drug interactions. Furthermore, pharmaceutical properties such as stability, crystallinity, and solubility were considered to ensure compatibility with a dry powder inhaler. 1ab (PF-03715455) was subsequently identified as a clinical candidate from this series with efficacy and safety profiles confirming its potential as an inhaled agent for the treatment of COPD.