Constipation and risk of urinary incontinence in women: a meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Constipation is reported to be associated with urinary incontinence. However, the reported results have been inconsistent and contradictory. To evaluate the association between constipation and urinary incontinence in women, we performed a meta-analysis. METHODS: A comprehensive search based on PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library was performed up to July 2018 for eligible studies in relation to the influence of constipation on urinary incontinence in women. A random-effect model was used to calculate the pooled odds risk (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: A total of 16 observational studies with 35,629 participants and 6054 urinary incontinence patients were identified in the meta-analysis. Constipation was significantly associated with the risk of urinary incontinence in women (OR 2.46, 95% CI 1.79-3.38). CONCLUSIONS: This meta-analysis suggests that constipation is significantly associated with urinary incontinence risk in women. However, further well-designed, large-scale prospective studies are needed to clarify the causality.

[Expression of Eag1 K(+) channel in prostate cancer and its significance].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of the Eag1 K( +) channel in the prostate cancer (PCa) tissue, its correlation with the development and progression of PCa, and whether it could be a target for the diagnosis and treatment of PCa. METHODS: We used RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry to determine the mRNA and protein expressions of the Eag1 K(+) channel in the normal peritumoral tissue of androgen-dependent PCa (ADPCa) (group A) and androgen-independent PCa (AIPCa) (group B) as well as in the tumorous tissue of ADPCa (group C) and AIPCa (group D). RESULTS: The relative coefficients of the mRNA expression of the Eag1 K(+) channel were 0.265 +/- 0.413, 0.167 +/- 0.511, 2.673 +/- 2.988 and 2.815 +/- 2.901 in groups A, B, C and D, respectively, increased significantly in the latter two groups (P < 0.05). The positive rates of the protein expression of the Eag1 K (+) channel were significantly higher in groups C (88.9%) and D (86.7%) than in A (7.4%) and B (6.7%) (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The Eag1 K(+) channel might be involved in the pathophysiological processes of PCa, and is expected to be a valuable target for the diagnosis and treatment of PCa.

[Study on growth law of Glycyrrhiza uralensis under different planting density].

OBJECTIVE: To study the growth of Glycyrrhiza uralensis under different planting density for providing theoretic evidence for reasonable planting density. METHOD: The field experiment was designed by single factor randomized block. RESULT: The plant height, root diameter, main root length and branches of main stem were all decreased with increasing planting density of G. uralensis. Meanwhile, dry matter accumulation on root, leaf, aerial part and rhizome were all decreased with increasing planting density. CONCLUSION: Two hundred and seventy thousand plants/hm2 was feasible planting density.

[The mechanized cultivation technique of Glycyrrhiza uralensis at Hexi area].

The cultivation of Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch have been operated with mechanization at Hexi area of Gansu. The whole process of land preparation, sowing, fertilization, irrgation, intertillagement and weeding, extermination of disease and pest, cutting stems and leaves, digging were summary in this paper.