[Correlation between rhizosphere environment and content of medicinal components of Arnebia euchroma].

This study aimed to explore the correlation between rhizosphere soil microorganisms of wild Arnebia euchroma and the content of medicinal components to provide guidance for the selection of the ecological planting base. The total DNA of rhizosphere soil microorganisms of wild A. euchroma was extracted, and the microbial community structure of rhizosphere soil microorganisms was analyzed by IlluminaMiseq high-throughput sequencing technology. The content of total hydroxynaphthoquinone pigment and ß,ß'-dimethylacrylalkannin in medicinal materials was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The physicochemical pro-perties of rhizosphere soil of wild A. euchroma in main producing areas were determined, and the correlation of soil microbial abundance with index component content and soil physicochemical properties was analyzed by SPSS software. The results showed that the species composition of rhizosphere fungi and bacteria in A. euchroma from different habitats was similar at the phylum and genus levels, but their relative abundance, richness index(Chao1), and community diversity(Simpson) index were different. Correlation analysis showed that the content of available phosphorus in soil was positively correlated with the content of total hydroxynaphthoquinone pigment and ß,ß'-dimethylacrylalkannin, and the abundance of five fungal genera such as Solicoccozyma and six bacterial genera such as Pseudo-nocardia and Bradyrhizobium was positively correlated with the content of medicinal components in medicinal materials. The abundance of Bradyrhizobium was significantly positively correlated with the content of ß,ß'-dimethylacrylalkanin. The abundance of fungi such as Archaeorhizomyces was significantly positively correlated with the content of available phosphorus in rhizosphere soil, and Bradyrhizobium was significantly negatively correlated with soil pH. Therefore, the abundance of fungi and bacteria in the rhizosphere of A. euchroma has a certain correlation with the medicinal components and the physicochemical properties of the rhizosphere soil, which can provide a scientific basis for the selection of ecological planting bases in the later stage.

[Investigation and analysis of imported medicinal materials at Chinese border ports].

Imported medicinal materials are an important part of Chinese medicinal resources. To be specific, about 10% of the around 600 commonly used Chinese medicinal materials are from abroad, and the introduction of foreign medicinal materials has promoted the development of Chinese medicine. Amid the advancement of reform and opening up and the "Belt and Road" Initiative, major headway has been made in the cross-border trade in China, bringing opportunities for the import of medicinal materials from border ports. However, for a long time, there is a lack of systematic investigation on the types of exotic medicinal materials at border ports. In the fourth national census of traditional Chinese medicine resources, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, together with several organizations, investigated the nearly 40 border ports, Chinese medicinal material markets, and border trade markets in 6 provinces/autonomous regions in China for the first time and recorded the types, sources, circulation, and the transaction characteristics of imported medicinal materials. Moreover, they invited experts to identify the origins of the collected 237 medicinal materials. In addition, the status quo and the problems of the medicinal materials were summarized. This study is expected to lay a basis for clarifying the market and origins of imported medicinal materials as well as the scientific research on and supervision of them.

[Comprehensive analysis of components in Chinese medicines derived from Apocynum venetum and Poacynum pictum in Xinjiang based on HPLC fingerprint and chemometrics].

This study established high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) fingerprints of Chinese medicines derived from Apocynum venetum and Poacynum pictum in Xinjiang and explored their composition differences with the combination of content determination, similarity analysis, cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The HPLC conditions included Phenomenex Kinetex C_(18) column(4.6 mm ×100 mm, 2.6 µm), acetonitrile-0.01% trifluoroacetic acid aqueous solution as mobile phase, gradient elution, flow rate of 0.6 mL·min~(-1), detection wavelength of 281 nm and column temperature of 25 ℃. The content of chlorogenic acid, quercetin-3-O-sophoroside, rutin, hyperin, isoquercitrin, trifolin and astragalin was determined in 31 batches of medicinal materials, and fingerprint research and chemometric analysis were performed with Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine(Version 2004 A) and SPSS 21.0. In the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020, the quality of Apocyni Veneti Folium is controlled by character identification, microscopic identification, thin layer chromatography identification and quantitative determination of hyperin. There were 21 common peaks of A. venetum and P. pictum in the HPLC fingerprints, 5 of which were identified as chlorogenic acid, hyperin, isoquercitrin, trifolin and astragalin, with their content also determined. Except for 3 batches of medicinal materials, the similarity of other 28 batches was higher than 0.83, indicating good similarity. Two categories were formed in the cluster analysis based on content determination, which showed that some differences existed in similarities between different regions of Xinjiang. The medicinal materials were ranked by quality with principal component analysis, and the results indicated that the top 15 all came from northern Xinjiang. The quality difference of A. venetum and P. pictum had a correlation with the place of origin. This study provides a reference for the analysis and evaluation of A. venetum and P. pictum from different habitats and the selection of introduction and cultivation areas.

The Effect of Antibiotic-Cycling Strategy on Antibiotic-Resistant Bacterial Infections or Colonization in Intensive Care Units: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic-resistant bacteria, especially multidrug-resistant strains, play a key role in impeding critical patients from survival and recovery. The effectiveness of the empiric use of antibiotics in the circling manner in intensive care units (ICUs) has not been analyzed in detail and remains controversial. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate antibiotic-cycling effect on the incidence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science for studies focusing on whether a cycling strategy of empiric use of antibiotics could curb the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in ICUs. The major outcomes were risk ratios (RRs) of antibiotic-resistant infections or colonization per 1,000 patient days before and after the implementation of antibiotic cycling. A random-effects model was adopted to estimate results in consideration of clinical heterogeneity among studies. The registration number of the meta-analysis is CRD42018094464. RESULTS: Twelve studies, involving 2,261 episodes of resistant infections or colonization and 160,129 patient days, were included in the final analysis. Based on the available evidence, the antibiotic-cycling strategy did not reduce the overall incidence of infections or colonization with resistant bacteria (RR = 0.823, 95% CI 0.655-1.035, p = .095). In subgroup analyses, the cycling strategy cut down the incidence of resistant bacteria more significantly than baseline period (p = .028) but showed no difference in comparison with mixing strategy (p = .758). LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: Although the cycling strategy performed better than relatively free usage of antibiotics in the baseline period on reducing resistant bacteria, the cycling strategy did not show advantage when compared with the mixing strategy in subgroup analyses. In addition, these viewpoints still need more evidence to confirm.

[Distribution characteristics of Chinese medicine resources in Turpan Basin, Xinjiang].

Based on the results of the fourth national survey of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Turpan city, Xinjiang, this study counted the types of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Turpan Basin. The spatial distribution differences of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Turpan Basin of Xinjiang were analyzed by using grid technology, trend surface analysis, global spatial autocorrelation analysis, and local spatial autocorrelation analysis, so as to clarify the overall change trend and aggregation degree of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Turpan Basin in horizontal and vertical directions. The results showed the following: in the horizontal direction, the species richness of traditional Chinese medicine resources in the central part of Turpan Basin was high, and there were great differences in the species richness of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Turpan Basin under different grid sizes. The spatial scale effect of the richness of traditional Chinese medicine resources in Turpan Basin is obvious. Among them, under the 30 km×30 km scale, the richness of the types of Chinese medicine resources shows a high spatial correlation, and the richness of the types of Chinese medicine resources at 5 km×5 km scale presents a near random distribution state, and the richness of the types of Chinese medicine resources at 80, 90, and 100 km scale sits negatively related. Vertical direction, Chinese medicine resources appear rich at the range of-154-150 m and 900-1 050 m following by range of 1 050-1 200 m.

[Study on phenotypic diversity and cluster analysis of Cistanche Herba in different populations in Xinjiang].

To intuitively understand the phenotypic diversity of intra-population and inter-population of the medicinal Cistanche Herba distributed in Xinjiang province, three species of Cistanche Herba were selected for the first time to be conducted to phenotypic observation and measurement from the morphological perspective, aiming to fill the gap in the morphological research concerning Cistanche Herba, and discuss about the relationship between the phenotypic variation and the host plants together with the geographical conditions, thus better understanding the speciation and evolutionary mechanism of Cistanche Herba and providing some scientific basis for the resource protection and germplasm breeding of Cistanche Herba. Based on sampling survey, a total of 118 well grown medicinal Cistanche samples from 17 Cistanche Herba distribution areas in Xinjiang province were selected, and various indexes were observed and measured. Besides, ANOVA and clustering analysis were conducted with 9 phenotypic quantity characters. The Cistanche Herba was plentiful in phenotypic variation. For detail, significant intra-population differences were observed in eight of the nine character indexes, and the intra-population differences were more obvious than those of inter-population. For each quantity character of the three species, the flower density possessed the maximal variable coefficient (71.1%) while the flower length was the minimum (15.9%). The phenotypic variation was also obvious among different populations. Specifically, the average variable coefficient of flower number was the maximal one (46.5%) and the flower length was the minimum one (10.0%). For different populations, the average variable coefficient of the D4 population was the maximal one (41.1%) and the S3 population was the minimum one (13.5%). According to the clustering analysis, all the samples of Cistanche Herba could be divided into three groups when the Euclidean distance was set at 15. The populations of S1, S3, D1, S2, D4, D6, D7 and D5 which distributed in the north of Xinjiang were clustered into one group, and the populations of D8, S4, D9, D2 and D3 that grown in east and central of Xinjiang were clustered into another group. The populations of C. deserticola and C. salsa could not be completely separated, but both of them were obviously differentiated from the T1, T3 and T2 populations of C. tubulosa. Besides, the C. deserticola and C. salsa displayed a patch distribution among different populations, and similar phenotypic characters were shared for each population. The research results of phenotype were consistent with that of molecular biology study of Cistanche Herba. The different phenotypic characters in different distribution areas were deduced to be arose from geographical isolation caused by mountains, which led to the specific genetic structure for each population of Cistanche Herba during the long-term adaptation and evolution. In conclusion, the current study showed the adaptation potency of Cistanche Herba exposed to different habitats.

[Projection of potential geographic distribution of Apocynum venetum under climate change in northern China].

Apocynum venetum belongs to apocynaceae and is a perennial medicinal plant, its stem is an important textile raw materials. The projection of potential geographic distribution of A. venetum has an important significance for the protection and sustainable utilization of the plant. This study was conducted to determine the potential geographic distribution of A. venetum and to project how climate change would affect its geographic distribution. The projection geographic distribution of A. venetum under current bioclimatic conditions in northern China was simulated using MaxEnt software based on species presence data at 44 locations and 19 bioclimatic parameters. The future distributions of A. venetum were also projected in 2050 and 2070 under the climate change scenarios of RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 described in 5th Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The result showed that min air temperature of the coldest month, annual mean air temperature, precipitation of the coldest quarter and mean air temperature of the wettest quarter dominated the geographic distribution of A. venetum. Under current climate, the suitable habitats of A. venetum is 11.94% in China, the suitable habitats are mainly located in the middle of Xinjiang, in the northern part of Gansu, in the southern part of Neimeng, in the northern part of Ningxia, in the middle and northern part of Shaanxi, in the southern part of Shanxi, in the middle and northern part of Henan, in the middle and southern part of Hebei, Shandong, Tianjin, in the southern part of Liaoning and part of Beijing. From 2050 to 2070, the model outputs indicated that the suitable habitats of A. venetum would decrease under the climate change scenarios of RCP2.6 and RCP8.5.

[Identification of origin plant of Uygur medicine mulberry based on DNA barcode].

To provide molecular evidence for medical material identification, we analyzed the nucleotide sequence of ITS2, psbA-trnH gene in Morus genus plants and commercial products which were obtained from different places in Xinjiang. The sequence of ITS2 and psbA-trnH in fifty-one samples were amplified and sequenced, MEGA 6.0 was used to analyze the intra- and interspecific K-2P distances, neighbor-joining (NJ) tree was used to constructing clustering tree. ITS2 sequence analyzed results showed that there is no intra-specific variation among Morus alba, M. alba var. tatarica and M. nigra, but 13 variations sites were exist between M. alba and M. nigra and their inter-specific K-2P distances was 0.04, which indicated that there had significant variation in them. We didn't find informative variation sites between Morus genus plants and commercial products, and we also found that M. nigra can be distinguished from other two species by NJ Tree. PsbA-trnH analysis results showed there was only one variation site between M. alba and M. nigra, but insertion or deletion variation were remarkable evidence among M. alba, M. alba var. tatarica and M. Nigra. Inter-specific variation was accordance with intra-specific variation of commercial products. So ITS2 and psbA-trnH gene were important marker for M. alba, M. alba var. tatarica and M. nigra identification. This study provided important evidence for Uygur medicine identification and market supervision.

[Survey and protective utilization of Lycium ruthenicum resources distributed in middle and lower reaches of Heihe river].

This study was aimed to investigate the qualitative and quantitative distributions of Lycium ruthenicum resources in the middle and lower reaches of Heihe River, for providing scientific evidence for the protective utilization of the resources in the corresponding geographic region. The outdoor sample plot and quadrat survey, literature search, sample collection, in-house identification and classification were performed by route surveying and visiting to the local natives and/or herb farmers based on the current distribution data of the L. ruthenicum resources in the middle and lower reaches of Heihe River. The distributive pattern of the resources was analyzed using ArcGIS program. The data regarding the category/distributed area and the genetic resources of the L. ruthenicum were collected. The data collected in this study may provide the scientific evidence for the protective utilization of the L. ruthenicum resources in the corresponding geographic region, allowing for the avoidance of the ecological environment from being damaged by improper utilization.

An unusual sesquiterpene coumarin from the seeds of Ferula sinkiangensis.

A sesquiterpene coumarin, sinkiangenorin E, consisting of a novel bicyclo[4.3.1]decane-type sesquiterpene system, was isolated from the seeds of Ferula sinkiangensis. The structure of sinkiangenorin E including the relative stereochemistry and the absolute configuration was elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data. The new compound showed cytotoxic activity against AGS cells (IC50, 12.7 µM) and inhibiting effect against influenza A H1N1 (IC50, 4.0 µM), which provided important clues for the study on the bioactivities of this type of sesquiterpene coumarins.

[Ecological distribution and diversity of medical Ferula species produced in Xinjiang].

To study the ecological distribution and diversity of endophytic fungi associated with Ferula of medicinal plants in Xinjiang. The endophytic fungi were isolated from roots, stems and leaves of Ferula by microbiology research methods and technology. The endophytic fungi were identified using ITS rDNA sequence analysis and morphology analysis. The composition, diversity and preference of endophytic fungal community were analyzed with Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index (H') and Sorensen coefficient (Cs). A total of 337 strains endophytic fungi were isolated and classified into 38 genera, Alternaria, Aureobasidium and Fusarium were the dominant genera. Among the 337 isolates, the endophytic fungi of F. sinkiangensis were the most, The Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index (H') associated with roots of F. fukanensis was the highest, reached 1.85. The highest Sorensen coefficient ( Cs) was between leaf of F. sinkiangensis and leaf of F. ovina, reached 0.75. From the result, endophytic fungi were widely distributed in six Ferula, there are some notable differences between distribution and composition of the endophytic fungi isolated from different issues and different species of Ferula, show a certain degree of species and tissue preference. The results obtained in this study will provide realistic basis and theoretical basis for further study the secondary metabolites of endophytic fungi associated with Ferula, and the relationship between endophytic fungi and their host plants.

[Identification of original plants of uyghur medicinal materials fructus elaeagni using morphological characteristics and DNA barcode].

Morphology and molecular identification technology were used to identify 3 original plants of Fructus Elaeagni which was commonly used in Uygur medicine. Leaves, flowers and fruits from different areas were selected randomly for morphology research. ITS2 sequence as DNA barcode was used to identify 17 samples of Fructus Elaeagni. The genetic distances were computed by kimura 2-parameter (K2P) model, and the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) and Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic trees were constructed using MEGA5.0. The results showed that Elaeagnus angustifolia, E. oxycarpa and E. angustifolia var. orientalis cannot be distinguished by morphological characteristics of leaves, flowers and fruits. The sequence length of ITS2 ranged from 220 to 223 bp, the average GC content was 61.9%. The haplotype numbers of E. angustifolia, E. oxycarpa and E. angustifolia var. orientals were 4, 3, 3, respectively. The results from the NJ tree and ML tree showed that the 3 original species of Fructus Elaeagni cannot be distinguished obviously. Therefore, 3 species maybe have the same origin, and can be used as the original plant of Uygur medicineal material Fructus Elaeagni. However, further evidence of chemical components and pharmacological effect were needed.

[Research on spectral reflectance characteristics for Glycyrrhizae Radix].

In order to study the spectral reflectance differences of Glycyrrhizae Radix under different growth conditions and lay the foundation for quantitative monitoring of Glycyrrhizae Radix remote sensing images, spectra of Glycyrrhiza species under different growth period and different varieties and different regions were measured by a portable spectrometer. The results showed that the reflectivity of annual G. uralensis was obviously higher than that of the two years plant in the visible light band own to the contents of crown layer chlorophyll. The reflectivity of two years G. pallidiflora was higher than that of G. uralensis in the near infrared band own to the leaf area index and the content of leaf water. The red edge spectrum of annual plant fluctuated largely than that of two years plant due to vegetation coverage and leaf area index. G. pallidiflora grew well than G. uralensis. Under different regions of the Glycyrrhiza species, spectral data analysis showed that within a certain range, the average annual precipitation and average annual evaporation were the major factors to affect the differences of Glycyrrhiza species spectral data under different regions owe to the leaf water content, the higher leaf water content, the lower spectral reflectance. The principal component analysis and continuum-removed method of the spectral data under different regions found that, within a certain range, the average annual precipitation and average annual evaporation were the major factors caused by the differences of Glycyrrhiza species spectral data under the different regions, Glycyrrhiza species spectral similarity related to the spatial distance.

[Evaluation of high-resolution images application for wild medicinal plants macro monitoring: a case of Apocynum].

To investigate the resources of medicinal plant, such as wild Apocynum, supervised classification based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and texture feature were used to monitor wild medicinal plants from image captured by ZY-3 and World-view-2 and compare which satellite Image are more appropriate to monitor the wild medicinal plants. The research results shows that: for more complex growth conditions wild medicinal plants Apocynum, high-resolution images Worldview-2 is more suitable for its remote identification, the low-resolution satellite ZY-3 can only recognizes the wild medicinal plants which distributed intensively. If the study target distribution is more intensive and larger scale, and cultivated type medicinal plants, the use of satellite ZY-3 in low resolution remote sensing data to identify the target can be a good choice, it is not necessary to buy high-resolution data, in order to avoid waste of expenditure, for the scattered distribution, the high-resolution satellite imagery data may be indispensable to identify targets.

Acetylenic spiroketal enol ethers from Artemisia rupestris and their synergistic antibacterial effects on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

Synergistic bioassay-guided isolation of the extracts of Artemisia rupestris L, which belongs to the family Asteraceae, afforded two acetylenic spiroketal enol ethers, namely rupesdiynes A (1) and B (2). Their structures were determined based on spectroscopic analysis and experimental and calculated ECD investigations. The two compounds exhibited synergistic activity and were able to reduce the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of oxacillin four-fold, with a fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI) of 0.5 in combination with oxacillin against the oxacillin-resistant EMRSA-16. Biofilm formation inhibitory and Ethidium bromide (EtBr) efflux assay were further employed to verify the possible mechanism of the synergistic antibacterial effect. Additionally, molecular docking studies were conducted to investigate the binding affinities of the two compounds with penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) of EMRSA-16. Taken together, rupesdiynes A (1) and rupesdiyne B (2) showed moderate synergistic activity against EMRSA-16 with oxacillin via inhibiting biofilm formation and efflux pump activity, respectively.

[Comparative study of transmission and reflection hyperspectral imaging technology for potato damage detection].

The randomly placed damage parts of potato will affect the detection accuracy, this paper used transmission and reflection hyperspectral imaging technology to acquire potato images of three directions(the damage part facing to the camera, back to the camera, side to the camera), and then processed the comparative study for damage detection. Independent component (IC) analysis was used to analyze the transmission and reflection hyperspectral images and to extract the features, the resulting char acteristics were used for the secondary IC analysis of the reflected images and the variable selection of the transmittance and re flectance spectroscopy. Finally, the potato injury qualitative recognition model was established based on the reflection images, the reflectance spectral and the transmittance spectral; Further optimization was done for high recognition accuracy of model, and secondary variable selection was carried out for the transmission spectrum by the Sub-window Permutation Analysis(SPA) and the optimal model for damage identification of potato randomly placed was established. The results of experiments show that the accuracy of the identification model based on the reflection image and the reflection spectrum is low, wherein the potato bruise based on the reflection images falls into the lowest recognition accuracy of 43. 10% when it is side to the camera; The accuracy of the model for identification based on the transmittance spectroscopy information is the highest, the recognition accuracy with the damage part facing and back to the camera is 100%t, and 99. 53% when it is side to the camera. The accuracy of the optimal model for identification based on the 3 kinds of transmittance spectroscopy information of randomly placed potato is 97. 39%. Then the application of transmission hyperspectral imaging technology could detect potato injury in any orientation, and the research can provide technical support for the online detection of potato quality.

[Measurement of sown area of safflower based on PCA and texture features classification and remote sensing imagery].

To improve accuracy of estimation in planted safflower acreage,we selected agricultural area in Yumin County, Xinjiang as the study area. There safflower was concentrated planted. Supervised classification based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and texture feature were used to obtain the safflower acreage from image captured by ZY-3. The classification result was compared with only spectral feature and spectral feature with texture feature. The research result shows that this method can effectively solve the problem of low accuracy and fracture classification result in single data source classification. The overall accuracy is 87.519 1%, which increases by 7.117 2% compared with single data source classification. Therefore, the classification method based on PCA and texture features can be adapted to RS image classification and estimate the acreage of safflower. This study provides a feasible solution for estimation of planted safflower acreage by image captured by ZY-3 satellite.

Protective effects of Salvianolic acid B on Schwann cells apoptosis induced by high glucose.

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is one of the most common and debilitating microvascular complications of diabetes, and there is no effective therapy for the prevention or treatment of DPN. Oxidative stress triggers several pathways of injury and may be the unifying factor of hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to investigate protective effect of Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) on the high glucose (HG)-induced oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial pathway activation and Schwann cells (SCs) apoptosis in vitro. We found that Sal B inhibited the HG-induced oxidative stress by reducing ROS and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy Guanosine (8-OHdG) production, and mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis in SCs in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Sal B down-regulated the HG-mediated Bax expression and AIF nuclear translocation and the release of cytochrome c, but up-regulated the HG-induced BcL-2 expression in SCs. In addition, Sal B attenuated the HG-induced activation of caspase 3 and 9 and minimized the cleavage of PARP in SCs. Our results indicated that Sal B antagonized the HG-induced oxidative stress, activation of the mitochondrial pathway and apoptosis in SCs.

Ketamine enhances dopamine D1 receptor expression by modulating microRNAs in a ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like mouse model.

The abnormal expression of the dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1) may be associated with schizophrenia. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can post-transcriptionally regulate DRD1 expression. Here, we established a ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behavior mouse model and investigated the changes in miR-15a-3p, miR-15b-3p, miR-16-1-3p, and DRD1 in response to ketamine. Administration of high-dose ketamine for seven consecutive days to mice simulated the main symptoms of schizophrenia. The mice exhibited increasing excitability and autonomous activity and reduced learning and memory, including spatial memory. Moreover, ketamine decreased miR-15a-3p, miR-15b-3p, and miR-16-1-3p expression levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and miR-16-1-3p expression in the hippocampus, whereas DRD1 expression increased in these brain regions. In HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells, ketamine induced a dose-dependent increase of endogenous DRD1, which was partially attenuated by a combination of miR-15b-3p and miR-16-1-3p mimics. Indeed, the miR-15b-3p and miR-16-1-3p mimics could significantly inhibit endogenous DRD1expression. We identified +72 to +78 bp (TGCTGCT) of the DRD1 3'UTR as the core regulatory region recognized by the target miRNAs. In summary, we developed a ketamine-induced schizophrenia-like behavior mouse model and found that ketamine inhibited the levels of miR-15a-3p, miR-15b-3p, miR-16-1-3p and increased DRD1 expression in mice.