Advanced fabrication of polymer waveguide interferometric sensor utilizing interconnected holey fibers.

A universally applicable approach is proposed for the fabrication of fiber-optic polymer sensors. The hollow-core fibers (HCFs) with inner diameters of 30 µm, 50 µm, and 75 µm are spliced coaxially with dual-hole fiber (DHF) or photonic crystal fiber (PCF). Owing to the sized-matched air holes within HCF and DHF/PCF, an interconnected in-fiber microchannel is constructed, which facilitates rapid and complete filling of the HCF's central hole with liquid glue. After the ultraviolet-induced polymerization, a polymer Fabry-Perot interferometer is achieved by cutting the HCF end with a desired cavity length. Besides, the interference visibility is significantly enhanced by adding a refractive-index-modulated polymer cap onto the cutting surface. Experimental results demonstrate the optimized interference spectra and the interconnection of the matched air-hole fibers. The polymer sensor exhibits a signal-to-noise ratio of 56.8 dB for detecting pulsed ultrasonic waves, which is more than twice that of a partially polymer-filled sensor. Due to the hermetically-sealed structure, the sensor probe presents constrained performance with a temperature sensitivity of 230.2 pm/°C and a humidity sensitivity of 93.7 pm/%RH, which can be further improved by releasing the polymer waveguide from fiber cladding. Based on interconnected holey fibers, the proposed approach has a uniform size-controlled polymer waveguide dimension with increased spectrum visibility, rendering it suitable for a diverse range of microstructure-matched optical fibers.

Ultrasound-based radiomics score for pre-biopsy prediction of prostate cancer to reduce unnecessary biopsies.

BACKGROUND: Patients undergoing prostate biopsies (PBs) suffer from low positive rates and potential risk for complications. This study aimed to develop and validate an ultrasound (US)-based radiomics score for pre-biopsy prediction of prostate cancer (PCa) and subsequently reduce unnecessary PBs. METHODS: Between December 2015 and March 2018, 196 patients undergoing initial transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)-guided PBs were retrospectively enrolled and randomly assigned to the training or validation cohort at a ratio of 7:3. A total of 1044 radiomics features were extracted from grayscale US images of each prostate nodule. After feature selection through the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model, the radiomics score was developed from the training cohort. The prediction nomograms were developed using multivariate logistic regression analysis based on the radiomics score and clinical risk factors. The performance of the nomograms was assessed and compared in terms of discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness. RESULTS: The radiomics score consisted of five selected features. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the radiomics score, age, total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), and prostate volume were independent factors for prediction of PCa (all p < 0.05). The integrated nomogram incorporating the radiomics score and three clinical risk factors reached an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.835 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.729-0.941), thereby outperforming the clinical nomogram which based on only clinical factors and yielded an AUC of 0.752 (95% CI, 0.618-0.886) (p = 0.04). Both nomograms showed good calibration. Decision curve analysis indicated that using the integrated nomogram would add more benefit than using the clinical nomogram. CONCLUSION: The radiomics score was an independent factor for pre-biopsy prediction of PCa. Addition of the radiomics score to the clinical nomogram shows incremental prognostic value and may help clinicians make precise decisions to reduce unnecessary PBs.

PLA-lignin nanofibers as antioxidant biomaterials for cartilage regeneration and osteoarthritis treatment.

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is common musculoskeletal disorders associated with overgeneration of free radicals, and it causes joint pain, inflammation, and cartilage degradation. Lignin as a natural antioxidant biopolymer has shown its great potential for biomedical applications. In this work, we developed a series of lignin-based nanofibers as antioxidative scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. RESULTS: The nanofibers were engineered by grafting poly(lactic acid) (PLA) into lignin via ring-opening polymerization and followed by electrospinning. Varying the lignin content in the system was able to adjust the physiochemical properties of the resulting nanofibers, including fiber diameters, mechanical and viscoelastic properties, and antioxidant activity. In vitro study demonstrated that the PLA-lignin nanofibers could protect bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (BMSCs) from oxidative stress and promote the chondrogenic differentiation. Moreover, the animal study showed that the lignin nanofibers could promote cartilage regeneration and repair cartilage defects within 6 weeks of implantation. CONCLUSION: Our study indicated that lignin-based nanofibers could serve as an antioxidant tissue engineering scaffold and facilitate the cartilage regrowth for OA treatment.

Electrospun PCL/MoS2 Nanofiber Membranes Combined with NIR-Triggered Photothermal Therapy to Accelerate Bone Regeneration.

Electrospun nanofiber membranes have been widely used for guided bone regeneration (GBR). For assistance in bone healing, photothermal therapy which renders moderate heat stimulation to defect regions by near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation has attracted much attention in recent years. Combined with photothermal therapy, novel electrospun poly(ε-caprolactone)/molybdenum disulfide (PCL/MoS2 ) nanofiber membranes are innovatively synthesized as GBR for bone therapy, wherein the exfoliated MoS2 nanosheets served as osteogenic enhancers and NIR photothermal agents. With the doping of MoS2 , the mechanical properties of nanofiber membranes got improved with the degradation unaffected. The composite PCL/MoS2 membranes show enhanced cell growth and osteogenic performance compared with PCL alone. Under NIR-triggered mild photothermal therapy, osteogenesis and bone healing are accelerated by using PCL/MoS2 nanofiber membranes for growth of bone mesenchymal stem cells in vitro and repair of rat tibia bone defect in vivo. The novel nanofiber membranes may be developed as intelligent GBR in the therapy of bone defects.

Three-day postoperative antibiotics reduces post-hepatectomy infection rate in hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The evidences for use of postoperative antibiotics (POA) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients who underwent hepatectomy are controversial. We aimed to explore the relationship between POA and hepatectomy-related infection in a hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related HCC population. METHODS: We retrospectively collected 934 HCC patients who underwent hepatectomy for curative intent from three tertiary hospitals in China. The incidences of postoperative infection including surgical site infection and remote site infection were recorded and calculated. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to explore related factors of postoperative infection and POA. And the relationship between infection rates with different durations of POA was investigated. RESULTS: The overall infection rate was 8.2% (77/934), including 6.5% (61/934) of surgical site infection and 2.0% (19/934) of remote site infection. Multivariable analysis revealed that the administration of POA was negatively related with the incidence of postoperative infection significantly (odds ratio = 0.50, 95% confidence interval = 0.30 to 0.83; P = 0.008). Albumin-bilirubin score, Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage and extent of hepatectomy were independently related to the POA. And 3-day regimen seemed to be the shortest duration of POA to gain the lowest incidence of postoperative infection. CONCLUSIONS: Postoperative antibiotic is necessary for HBV-related HCC patients to prevent postoperative infection, especially for those with higher albumin-bilirubin score, at BCLC stage B-C, or who underwent major hepatectomy. For HBV-related HCC patients, postoperative second-generation cephalosporins, or ceftriaxone for 3 days after surgery might be proper.

Hepatic resection versus transarterial chemoembolization in infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma: A multicenter study.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Prognosis of infiltrative hepatocellular carcinoma (iHCC) is poor, and the treatments selection based on efficacy is unclear. We performed this multicenter study to compare the efficacy of hepatic resection and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in treating patients with iHCC. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the overall survivals (OS) in 319 patients with iHCC who were initially treated by hepatic resection (n = 133) or TACE (n = 186) at four tertiary centers. Fifty-eight patients in the TACE group were assessed as resectable and compared with the hepatic resection group in subgroup analysis. A propensity score matched (PSM) analysis was performed to reduce selection bias. Cox regression was performed to identify significant factors associated with OS. RESULTS: The median OS time was significantly longer in the hepatic resection group than that in the TACE group, before and after PSM (before PSM, 17.5 vs 7.3 months, P < 0.0001; after PSM, 14.0 vs 7.3 months, P < 0.0001). The multivariable analysis indicated TACE as a risk factor of OS (hazard ratio = 2.233, 95% confidence interval = 1.492 to 3.341, P < 0.0001), as well as portal venous tumor thrombosis grades 3-4 and alpha fetal protein (AFP) > 400 ng/mL. In the subgroup analysis, the better efficacy of hepatic resection over TACE persisted regardless of the grade of portal venous tumor thrombosis and the level of AFP. As for resectable patients, hepatic resection still showed significant survival benefit (before PSM, 17.5 vs 11.2 months, P = 0.0013; after PSM, 14.0 vs 10.9 months, P = 0.0304). CONCLUSION: Hepatic resection might be the better choice for patients with iHCC due to its better survival benefit than TACE.

The cost-effectiveness analysis of drug therapy versus surgery for symptomatic adenoid hypertrophy by a Markov model.

PURPOSE: Adenoid hypertrophy (AH) is common among young children. Adenoid-based surgery and drug therapy could be applied for symptomatic AH patients, yet the treatment decision is difficult to make due to the diverse cost and efficacy between these two treatments. METHODS: A Markov simulation model was designed to estimate the cost-effectiveness (CE) of the adenoid-based surgery and the drug therapy for symptomatic AH patients. Transition probabilities, costs and utilities were extracted from early researches and expert opinions. Simulations using two set of parameter inputs for China and the USA were performed. Primary outcome was cost per QALY gained over a 6-year period. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were also conducted. RESULTS: The utility for the surgery group and the drug group were 4.10 quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and 3.58 QALYs, respectively. The cost of the surgery group was more than that of the drug group using model parameters specific to China ($1069.0 vs. $753.7) but was less for the USA ($1994.4 vs. $3977.7). Surgery was dominant over drug therapy when US specific parameters were used. Surgery group had an ICER of $604.0 per QALY when parameters specific to China was used. CONCLUSION: Surgery is cost-effective in the simulations for both China and the USA at WTP thresholds of $9633.1 and $62,517.5, respectively.

Artemisinin Ameliorates Osteoarthritis by Inhibiting the Wnt/ß-Catenin Signaling Pathway.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Current drug therapies for osteoarthritis (OA) are not practical because of the cytotoxicity and severe side-effects associated with most of them. Artemisinin (ART), an antimalarial agent, is well known for its safety and selectivity to kill injured cells. Based on its anti-inflammatory activity and role in the inhibition of OA-associated Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, which is crucial in the pathogenesis of OA, we hypothesized that ART might have an effect on OA. METHODS: The chondro-protective and antiarthritic effects of ART on interleukin-1-beta (IL-1ß)-induced and OA patient-derived chondrocytes were investigated in vitro using cell viability assay, glycosaminoglycan secretion, immunofluorescence, quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. We also used OA model rats constructed by anterior cruciate ligament transection and medial meniscus resection (ACLT+MMx) in the joints to investigate the effects of ART on OA by gross observation, morphological staining, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS: ART exhibited potent anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting the expression of proinflammatory chemokines and cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and matrix metallopeptidase-13. It also showed favorable chondro-protective effect as evidenced by enhanced cell proliferation and viability, increased glycosaminoglycan deposition, prevention of chondrocyte apoptosis, and degeneration of cartilage. Further, ART inhibited OA progression and cartilage degradation via the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway, suggesting that it might serve as a Wnt/ß-catenin antagonist to reduce inflammation and prevent cartilage degradation. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, ART alleviates IL-1ß-mediated inflammatory response and OA progression by regulating the Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway. Thereby, it might be developed as a potential therapeutic agent for OA.

Evaluation of the proportional hazards assumption and covariate adjustment methods in comparative surgical observational studies with time-to-event endpoints.

INTRODUCTION: Comparative studies on surgical treatments with time-to-event endpoints have provided substantial evidence for clinical practice, but the accurate use of survival data analysis and the control of confounding bias remain big challenges. METHODS: This was a survey of surgical studies with survival outcomes published in four general medical journals and five general surgical journals in 2021. The two most concerned statistical issues were evaluated, including confounding control by propensity score analysis (PSA) or multivariable analysis and testing of proportional hazards (PH) assumption in Cox model. RESULTS: A total of 74 studies were included, comprising 63 observational studies and 11 randomized controlled trials. Among the observational studies, the proportion of studies utilizing PSA in surgical oncology and non-oncology studies was similar (40.9 % versus 36.8 %, P = 0.762). However, the former reported a significantly lower proportion of PH assumption assessments compared to the latter (13.6 % versus 42.1 %, P = 0.020). Twenty-five observational studies (25/63) used PSA methods, but two-thirds of them (17/25) showed unclear balance of baseline data after PSA. And the proportion of PH assumption testing after PSA was slightly lower than that before PSA, but the difference was not statistically significant (24.0 % versus 28.0 %, P = 0.317). Comprehensive suggestions were given on confounding control in survival analysis and alternative resolutions for non-compliance with PH assumption. CONCLUSION: This study highlights suboptimal reporting of PH assumption evaluation in observational surgical studies both before and after PSA. Efforts and consensus are needed with respect to the underlying assumptions of statistical methods.

Causal association between dried fruit intake and risk of osteoarthritis: A Mendelian randomization study.

This study aimed to examine whether dried fruit intake is causally associated with Osteoarthritis (OA). A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using the inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median (WM), and MR-Egger regression methods was performed. We used the publicly available summary statistics data sets of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) meta-analyses for dried fruit intake in individuals included in the UK Biobank (n = 421,764; MRC-IEU consortium) as the exposure and a GWAS publicly available in PubMed for OA (total n = 484,598; case = 39,515, control = 445,083) as the outcome. We selected 41 single nucleotide polymorphisms at genome-wide significance from GWASs on dried fruit intake as the instrumental variables. The IVW method showed evidence to support a causal association between dried fruit intake and OA (beta = -0.020, SE = 0.009, P = .039). MR-Egger regression indicated no directional pleiotropy (intercept = 1E-05; P = .984), but it showed no causal association between dried fruit intake and OA (beta = -0.020, SE = 0.043, P = .610). However, the WM approach yielded evidence of a causal association between dried fruit intake and OA (beta = -0.026, SE = 0.012, P = .026). Cochran's Q test showed the existence of heterogeneity, but the statistics of I2 showed low heterogeneity. The results of MR analysis support that dried fruit intake may be causally associated with a decreased risk of OA.

A novel cartilage-targeting MOF-HMME-RGD sonosensitizer combined with sonodynamic therapy to enhance chondrogenesis and cartilage regeneration.

Articular cartilage regeneration is still a difficult task due to the cartilage's weak capacity for self-healing and the effectiveness of the available therapies. The engineering of cartilage tissue has seen widespread use of stem cell-based therapies. However, efficient orientation of line-specific bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to chondrogenesis and maintenance of chondrogenic differentiation challenged stem cell-based therapy. Herein, we developed a Fe-based metal-organic framework (MOF) loaded with hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) and cartilage-targeting arginine-aspartate-glycine (RGD) peptide to form MOF-HMME-RGD sonosensitizer to regulate BMSCs chondrogenic differentiation for cartilage regeneration via the modulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). By using sonodynamic therapy (SDT), the MOF-HMME-RGD demonstrated favorable biocompatibility, could generate a modest amount of ROS, and enhanced BMSCs chondrogenic differentiation through increased accumulation of glycosaminoglycan, an ECM component specific to cartilage, and upregulated expression of key chondrogenic genes (ACAN, SOX9, and Col2a1). Further, transplanted BMSCs loading MOF-HMME-RGD combined with SDT enhanced cartilage regeneration for cartilage defect repair after 8 weeks into treatment. This synergistic strategy based on MOF nanoparticles provides an instructive approach to developing alternative sonosensitizers for cartilage regeneration combined with SDT.

Electrospun PCL/gelatin/arbutin nanofiber membranes as potent reactive oxygen species scavengers to accelerate cutaneous wound healing.

The presence of excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) at a skin wound site is an important factor affecting wound healing. ROS scavenging, which regulates the ROS microenvironment, is essential for wound healing. In this study, we used novel electrospun PCL/gelatin/arbutin (PCL/G/A) nanofibrous membranes as wound dressings, with PCL/gelatin (PCL/G) as the backbone, and plant-derived arbutin (hydroquinone-ß-d-glucopyranoside, ARB) as an effective antioxidant that scavenges ROS and inhibits bacterial infection in wounds. The loading of ARB increased the mechanical strength of the nanofibres, with a water vapour transmission rate of more than 2500 g/(m2 × 24 h), and the water contact angle decreased, indicating that hydrophilicity and air permeability were significantly improved. Drug release and degradation experiments showed that the nanofibre membrane controlled the drug release and exhibited favourable degradability. Haemolysis experiments showed that the PCL/G/A nanofibre membranes were biocompatible, and DPPH and ABTS+ radical scavenging experiments indicated that PCL/G/A could effectively scavenge ROS to reflect the antioxidant activity. In addition, haemostasis experiments showed that PCL/G/A had good haemostatic effects in vitro and in vivo. In vivo animal wound closure and histological staining experiments demonstrated that PCL/G/A increased collagen deposition and remodelled epithelial tissue regeneration while showing good in vivo biocompatibility and non-toxicity. In conclusion, we successfully prepared a multifunctional wound dressing, PCL/G/A, for skin wound healing and investigated its potential role in wound healing, which is beneficial for the clinical translational application of phytomedicines.

Clinical prediction models for cervical lymph node metastasis of papillary thyroid carcinoma.

PURPOSE: Accurate preoperative diagnosis of lymph node metastasis (LNM) in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) remains an unsolved problem. This study aimed to construct a nomogram and scoring system for predicting LNM based on the clinical characteristics of patients with PTC. METHODS: 1400 patients with PTC who underwent thyroidectomy and lymph node dissection at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University were retrospectively enrolled and randomly divided into training and internal testing sets. Furthermore, 692 patients with PTC from three other medical centers were collected as external testing sets. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was used to screen the predictors, and a nomogram was constructed. In addition, a scoring system was constructed using 10-fold cross-validation. The performances of the two models were verified among datasets and compared with preoperative ultrasound (US). RESULTS: Six independent predictors were included in the multivariate logistic model: age, sex, US diagnosis of LNM, tumor diameter, location, and thyroid peroxidase antibody level. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) (95% confidence interval) of this nomogram in the training, internal testing, and three external testing sets were 0.816 (0.791-0.840), 0.782 (0.727-0.837), 0.759 (0.699-0.819), 0.749 (0.667-0.831), and 0.777 (0.726-0.828), respectively. The AUROC of the scoring system were 0.810 (0.785-0.835), 0.772 (0.718-0.826), 0.736 (0.675-0.798), 0.717 (0.635-0.799) and 0.756 (0.704-0.808), respectively. The prediction performances were both significantly superior to those of preoperative US (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: The nomogram and scoring system performed well in different datasets and significantly improved the preoperative prediction of LNM than US alone.

Photocrosslinkable, Injectable Locust Bean Gum Hydrogel Induces Chondrogenic Differentiation of Stem Cells for Cartilage Regeneration.

Due to the limited therapeutic efficacy of current treatments, articular cartilage regeneration is still challenging work. Scaffold-based tissue engineering provides a promising strategy for cartilage regeneration, but most scaffolds are limited by poor mechanical properties or unfavorable biocompatibility. Here, a novel photocrosslinkable, injectable locust bean gum (LBG)-methacrylate (MA) hydrogel is reported as a biomimetic extracellular matrix (ECM) for cartilage repair with minimal invasive operation. LBG-MA hydrogels show controllable degradation rate and improve mechanical properties and excellent biocompatibility. More importantly, LBG-MA hydrogel significantly induces bone mesenchymal stem cells to chondrogenic differentiation in vitro, as evidenced by high accumulation of cartilage-specific ECM components glycosaminoglycan and upregulated expression of key chondrogenic genes (collagen type II, aggrecan, and sex determining region Y-box9). Besides, the hydrogel is injectable, which can be in situ crosslinked via UV irradiation. Further, the photocrosslinkable hydrogels accelerate cartilage healing in vivo after 8 weeks of therapy. A strategy is provided here for photocrosslinkable, injectable, biodegradable scaffold fabrication based on native polysaccharide polymer for minimal invasive cartilage repair.

Identification and validation of a plasma metabolomics-based model for risk stratification of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND: Liver resection is the mainstay of curative treatment for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) while the postoperative prognosis varies greatly, with no recognized biomarker. We aimed to identify the plasma metabolomic biomarkers that could be used for preoperative risk stratification of ICC patients. METHODS: 108 eligible ICC patients who underwent radical surgical resection between August 2012 and October 2020 were enrolled. Patients were randomly divided into a discovery cohort (n = 76) and a validation cohort (n = 32) by 7:3. Metabolomics profiling of preoperative plasma was performed and clinical data were collected. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression, Cox regression, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were used to screen and validate the survival-related metabolic biomarker panel and construct a LASSO-Cox prediction model. RESULTS: 10 survival-related metabolic biomarkers were used for construction of a LASSO-Cox prediction model. In the discovery and validation cohorts, the LASSO-Cox prediction model achieved an AUC of 0.876 (95%CI: 0.777-0.974) and 0.860 (95%CI: 0.711-1.000) in evaluating 1-year OS of ICC patients, respectively. The OS of ICC patients in the high-risk group was significantly worse than that in the low-risk group (discovery cohort, p < 0.0001; validation cohort: p = 0.041). Also, the LASSO-Cox risk score (HR 2.43, 95%CI: 1.81-3.26, p < 0.0001) was a significant independent risk factor associated with OS. CONCLUSIONS: The LASSO-Cox prediction model has potential as an important tool in evaluating the OS of ICC patients after surgical resection and can be used as prediction tools to implement the best treatment options that could result in better outcomes.

The Impact of Vaccination Time on the Antibody Response to an Inactivated Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 (IMPROVE-2): A Randomized Controlled Trial.

There is still controversy about whether severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination at different times of day will induce a stronger immune response. Therefore, a randomized controlled trial (ChiCTR2100045109) is conducted to investigate the impact of vaccination time on the antibody response to the inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 from April 15 to 28, 2021. Participants are randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in the morning or afternoon. The primary endpoint is the change of neutralizing antibody between baseline and 28 days after the second dose. In total, 503 participants are randomized, and 469 participants (238 in the morning group and 231 in the afternoon group) complete the follow-up. There is no significant difference in the change of neutralizing antibody between baseline and 28 days after the second dose between the morning and afternoon groups (22.2 [13.2, 45.0] AU mL-1  vs 22.0 [14.4, 40.7] AU mL-1 , P = 0.873). In prespecified age and sex subgroup analyses, there is also no significant difference in the morning and afternoon group (all P > 0.05). This study demonstrates that the vaccination time does not affect the antibody response of two doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine.

Predicting T Cell-Inflamed Gene Expression Profile in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasound Radiomics.

Purpose: The T cell-inflamed gene expression profile (GEP) quantifies 18 genes' expression indicative of a T-cell immune tumor microenvironment, playing a crucial role in the immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our study aims to develop a radiomics-based machine learning model using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) for predicting T cell-inflamed GEP in HCC. Methods: The primary cohort of HCC patients with preoperative CEUS and RNA sequencing data of tumor tissues at the single center was used to construct the model. A total of 5936 radiomics features were extracted from the regions of interest in representative images of each phase, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator and logistic regression were used to construct four models including three phase-specific models and an integrated model. The area under the curve (AUC) was calculated to evaluate the performance of the model. The independent cohort of HCC patients with preoperative CEUS and Immunoscore based on immunohistochemistry and digital pathology was used to validate the correlation between model prediction value and T-cell infiltration. Results: There were 268 patients enrolled in the primary cohort and 46 patients enrolled in the independent cohort. Compared with the other three models, the AP model constructed by 36 arterial phase (AP) features showed good performance with a mean AUC of 0.905 in the 5-fold cross-validation and was easier to apply in the clinical setting. The decision curve and calibration curve confirmed the clinical utility of the model. In the independent cohort, patients with high Immunoscores showed significantly higher GEP prediction values than those with low Immunoscores (t=-2.359, p=0.029). Conclusion: The CEUS-based model is a reliable predictive tool for T cell-inflamed GEP in HCC, and might facilitate individualized immunotherapy decision-making.

Application of the pH-Responsive PCL/PEG-Nar Nanofiber Membrane in the Treatment of Osteoarthritis.

Electrospinning technology is widely used in the field of drug delivery due to its advantages of convenience, high efficiency, and low cost. To investigate the therapeutic effect of naringenin (Nar) on osteoarthritis (OA), the pH-responsive system of the polycaprolactone/polyethylene glycol-naringenin (PCL/PEG-Nar) nanofiber membrane was designed and used as drug delivery systems (DDS) in the treatment of OA. The PEG-Nar conjugate was constructed via ester linkage between mPEG-COOH and the carboxyl group of naringenin, and the PCL/PEG-Nar nanofiber membrane was prepared by electrospinning technology. When placed in the weak acid OA microenvironment, the PCL/PEG-Nar nanofiber membrane can be cleverly "turned on" to continuously release Nar with anti-inflammatory effect to alleviate the severity of OA. In this study, the construction and the application of the pH-responsive PCL/PEG-Nar nanofiber membrane drug delivery platform would throw new light on OA treatment.

Using Systemic Inflammatory Markers to Predict Microvascular Invasion Before Surgery in Patients With Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Background: Mounting studies reveal the relationship between inflammatory markers and post-therapy prognosis. Yet, the role of the systemic inflammatory indices in preoperative microvascular invasion (MVI) prediction for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. Patients and Methods: In this study, data of 1,058 cases of patients with HCC treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from February 2002 to May 2018 were collected. Inflammatory factors related to MVI diagnosis in patients with HCC were selected by least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis and were integrated into an "Inflammatory Score." A prognostic nomogram model was established by combining the inflammatory score and other independent factors determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the area under the curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the model. Results: Sixteen inflammatory factors, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, etc., were selected by LASSO regression analysis to establish an inflammatory score. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that inflammatory score (OR = 2.14, 95% CI: 1.63-2.88, p < 0.001), alpha fetoprotein (OR = 2.02, 95% CI: 1.46-2.82, p < 0.001), and tumor size (OR = 2.37, 95% CI: 1.70-3.30, p < 0.001) were independent factors for MVI. These three factors were then used to establish a nomogram for MVI prediction. The AUC for the training and validation group was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.68-0.76) and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.66-0.78), respectively. Conclusion: These findings indicated that the model drawn in this study has a high predictive value which is capable to assist the diagnosis of MVI in patients with HCC.

Prevalence of long-term complications in inpatients with diabetes mellitus in China: a nationwide tertiary hospital-based study.

INTRODUCTION: There is absence of national data to estimate the prevalence of long-term diabetic complications among inpatients with diabetes in tertiary hospitals in China. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Using the national Hospital Quality Monitoring System database, inpatients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were identified by the International Classification of Diseases-10 code, and the temporal trends of microvascular and macrovascular complications 2013-2017 were calculated, and then the risk factors were analysed by multivariate regression analysis. RESULTS: A total of 92 413 inpatients with T1DM and 6 094 038 inpatients with T2DM were identified in 2013-2017. The proportions of inpatients with microvascular complications in inpatients with T1DM and T2DM increased from 29.9% and 19.0% in 2013 to 31.6% and 21.0% in 2017, respectively. The proportions of inpatients with macrovascular complications in inpatients with T1DM and T2DM increased from 7.3% and 14.5% in 2013 to 13.2% and 18.4% in 2017, respectively. Hypertension and hyperlipidemia were risk factors for both microvascular and macrovascular complications. Among inpatients with T1DM, the adjusted ORs of microvascular complications increased in 40-49 age group and Northeast region, while older age, male and North region were risks factor for macrovascular complications. Among inpatients with T2DM, the ORs of microvascular complications increased in 40-49 age group, female, urban and North region, while older age, male, urban and Southwest region were risks factor for macrovascular complications. CONCLUSIONS: The proportions of long-term complications of inpatients with diabetes in China increased in 2013-2017. Efforts are needed to improve the management of patients with diabetes in China.