Superior short-term outcomes of FNS in combination with a cannulated screw in treating femoral neck fractures.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the femoral neck system alone or in combination with a cannulated screw compared with other internal fixation methods for treating femoral neck fractures. We further investigated the predictive effects of tip-apex distance (TAD) on clinical efficacy. METHODS: Data from 129 young adults with femoral neck fractures followed up at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University between January 2016 and June 2022 were retrospectively collected. The patients were categorized into four groups based on the different internal fixation methods. Analysis and comparisons of the four group were performed according to age, ASA score, operation time, blood loss, fracture classification, fracture healing time, Harris score, TAD value, presence of complications (osteonecrosis of the femoral head, screw failure, and femoral neck shortening), and changes in the neck-shaft angle. RESULTS: All 129 patients were followed up for at least one year. The group who received treatment with the femoral neck system combined with a cannulated screw exhibited the shortest fracture healing time. Differences were observed in the change of neck-shaft angle among the four groups (P < 0.001), with the smallest change observed in the aforementioned group (0.76 ± 0.54°). The femoral neck shortening was also lower in groups with the femoral neck system or combined with a cannulated screw. At the last follow-up surgery, the combined treatment group achieved the highest HHS score. Subgroup analysis revealed that when the TAD was less than 25 and 49 mm for the femoral neck system and combined groups, respectively, there was less femoral neck shortening, less change in the neck-shaft angle, and a higher HHS score. CONCLUSIONS: The femoral neck system alone or combined with a cannulated screw demonstrated better short-term efficacy in the treatment of femoral neck fractures. Furthermore, TAD may serve as a predictive indicator of the potential success of femoral neck fracture treatment.

Treatment of irreducible femoral intertrochanteric fractures using a wire-guided device.

PURPOSE: Treatment of irreducible femoral intertrochanteric fractures often requires open reduction. However, the technique unavoidably causes patients to suffer greater trauma. As such, minimally invasive techniques should be employed to reduce the surgical-related trauma on these patients and maintain a stable reduction of the fractures. Herein, a minimally invasive wire introducer was designed and used for the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures. The effectiveness of using a wire-guided device to treat irreducible femoral intertrochanteric fractures was evaluated. METHODS: Between 2013 and 2018, patients with femoral intertrochanteric fractures who were initially treated by intramedullary nail fixation but had difficult reduction using the traction beds were retrospectively reviewed. Decision for an additional surgery was based on the displacement of the fracture. The patients were then divided into two groups: those in the control group received an open reduction surgery while those in the observation group received a closed reduction surgery using a minimally invasive wire introducer to guide the wire that could assist in fracture reduction. The operation time, blood loss, visual analogue scale scores, angulation, reduction, neck-shaft angle, re-displacement, limb length discrepancy, and union time were then recorded and analyzed to determine the efficiency of the wire introducer technique. Categorical variables were analyzed by using Chi-square test, while continuous variables by independent t-test and the Mann-Whitney test accordingly. RESULTS: There were 92 patients included in this study: 61 in the control group and 31 in the observation group. There were no significant differences in baseline demographic factors between the two groups. All surgeries were successful with no deaths within the perioperative period. The average follow-up time for the patients was 23.8 months. However, the observation group had a significantly shorter operation time, lower visual analogue scale score, less intraoperative bleeding, and shorter fracture healing time. There were no significant differences in the angulation, reduction, neck-shaft angle, and limb length discrepancy between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The minimally invasive wire guide achieved a similar effect to that of open reduction in the treatment of intertrochanteric fractures with difficult reduction. Moreover, the minimally invasive wire introducer is a good technology that accurately guides the wire during reduction. Indeed, it is an effective technique and achieves good clinical outcomes in restoration of irreducible femoral intertrochanteric fractures.

Do we need to suture the pronator quadratus muscle when we do open reduction and internal fixation for fracture of the distal radius.

BACKGROUND: Open reduction and internal fixation is often used for the treatment of distal radius fracture. Opening the pronator quadratus muscle during the process of open reduction and internal fixation is necessary to achieve sufficient exposure. Therefore, knowledge on how to suture the pronator quadratus muscle will be of essence. AIM: The aim of the present study was to determine if suturing the pronator quadratus during the treatment of the distal radius fracture can enhance limb function . METHODS: A total of 126 patients were enrolled for the study. The patients underwent open reduction and internal fixation. During the procedure, the pronator quadratus was cut open to allow insertion of the plate. The pronator quadratus muscles of the patients were stitched together before the surgery was completed. After the fracture healed, the patients underwent surgery to remove the internal fixations. Patients received wrist function scores prior to removal of the internal fixations. Healing of the pronator quadratus was during surgery. Patients were grouped according to the healing of the pronator quadratus. Functional scores between the two groups were compared. RESULTS: Muscle healing was observed in 23 patients during surgery. However, the PQ muscles of these patients were remarkably atrophic, with scar hyperplasia and fibrosis. The muscle fibers were loose, thin, and had decreased in number. The remaining muscle fibers presented different degrees of adhesion with radial carpal flexor muscles, steel plates and interosseous membrane. A total of 23 patients were included in group A and 103 patients in group B based on the intraoperative condition. No statistically significant differences was observed in age and type of fracture between group A and group B. In addition, no statistically significant differences was observed in the isokinetic forearm pronation strength and clinical outcomes including grip strength, wrist ROM, and PRWE scores between the two groups. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that healing of the PQ muscle does not affect the outcomes of volar plating for distal radius fractures with reference to the isokinetic forearm rotation strength, grip strength, wrist ROM, and PRWE scores. The results of this study support our current practice of PQ muscle incision.

Analysis of microRNAs in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, using Solexa deep sequencing.

OBJECTIVES: Our aim in this study was to identify and examine the differential expression of microRNAs in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: We employed high-quality, high-throughput Solexa sequencing to clone and identify microRNAs in SLE patients and a control group. RESULTS: From the sequencing data, we identified numerous microRNAs displaying significantly different levels of expression in patients with SLE and in healthy controls. The 212 and 199 microRNAs were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. Only 61 novel microRNAs exhibited significantly different levels of expression in the two groups. The target genes of the novel microRNAs identified in the SLE group were found to have cell metabolism functions. We also analyzed the chromosomal locations of the microRNAs with high level of expression between the two groups. A profile comparison revealed that the majority of transcripts were expressed at a similar level. The functional classes of the most abundant microRNAs were equally represented on each chromosome. CONCLUSION: We identified novel and known microRNAs significantly enhancing our understanding of the microRNA expression profiles of SLE patients. These data also provide insight into the function of microRNAs in SLE and provide new strategies for future therapies.

A comprehensive approach for osteoporosis detection through chest CT analysis and bone turnover markers: harnessing radiomics and deep learning techniques.

Purpose: The main objective of this study is to assess the possibility of using radiomics, deep learning, and transfer learning methods for the analysis of chest CT scans. An additional aim is to combine these techniques with bone turnover markers to identify and screen for osteoporosis in patients. Method: A total of 488 patients who had undergone chest CT and bone turnover marker testing, and had known bone mineral density, were included in this study. ITK-SNAP software was used to delineate regions of interest, while radiomics features were extracted using Python. Multiple 2D and 3D deep learning models were trained to identify these regions of interest. The effectiveness of these techniques in screening for osteoporosis in patients was compared. Result: Clinical models based on gender, age, and ß-cross achieved an accuracy of 0.698 and an AUC of 0.665. Radiomics models, which utilized 14 selected radiomics features, achieved a maximum accuracy of 0.750 and an AUC of 0.739. The test group yielded promising results: the 2D Deep Learning model achieved an accuracy of 0.812 and an AUC of 0.855, while the 3D Deep Learning model performed even better with an accuracy of 0.854 and an AUC of 0.906. Similarly, the 2D Transfer Learning model achieved an accuracy of 0.854 and an AUC of 0.880, whereas the 3D Transfer Learning model exhibited an accuracy of 0.740 and an AUC of 0.737. Overall, the application of 3D deep learning and 2D transfer learning techniques on chest CT scans showed excellent screening performance in the context of osteoporosis. Conclusion: Bone turnover markers may not be necessary for osteoporosis screening, as 3D deep learning and 2D transfer learning techniques utilizing chest CT scans proved to be equally effective alternatives.

KIN17 functions in DNA damage repair and chemosensitivity by modulating RAD51 in hepatocellular carcinoma.

The limited response of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) to chemotherapy drugs has always been a bottleneck in therapy. DNA damage repair is a major reason for chemoresistance. Previous studies have confirmed that KIN17 affects chemosensitivity. In this study, we examined the impact of KIN17 on chemotherapy response and DNA repair in HCC cells treated with oxaliplatin (L-OHP). We evaluated the expression and biological roles of KIN17 in HCC using bioinformatic analysis. The correlation between KIN17 and RAD51, particularly their nuclear expression levels, was evaluated using immunofluorescence, immunoblotting after nucleocytoplasmic separation in HCC cells, and immunohistochemistry of mouse xenograft tumors and human HCC tissues. The results indicated a significant increase in KIN17 expression in HCC tissues compared to normal tissues. The GSEA analysis revealed that upregulation of KIN17 was significantly associated with DNA damage repair. Knockdown of KIN17 led to increased DNA damage and reduced cellular survival after exposure to L-OHP. On the other hand, overexpression of KIN17 was linked to decreased DNA damage and improved cell survival following L-OHP treatment. Further experiments indicated that KIN17 affects the expression of RAD51, particularly in the nucleus. KIN17 plays a crucial role in influencing the sensitivity of HCC to chemotherapy by triggering the DNA repair response. Increased expression of KIN17 is associated with a poor prognosis for HCC patients, indicating that KIN17 could serve as a prognostic marker and therapeutic target for HCC.

Identification and quantification of serum KIN17 protein based on ELISA assay and exploring its clinical diagnostic value in liver cancer.

It has been well-elaborated that KIN17 protein is closely related to the expression, development and prognosis of liver cancer; however, till date, there has been no study about detecting the KIN17 protein in serum, which is important to developing clinical applications. The objective of this work is to detect serum KIN17 protein by the ELISA method and to explore the diagnostic significance of the KIN17 protein in liver cancer. First, we verified the ELISA method for serum KIN17 measurement according to five aspects: accuracy, precision, specificity, stability and detection limit. Results illustrate that the recovery rate of the ELISA method can be controlled between 90% and 110%, the variation coefficient of intra-assay can be controlled within 16%, and the variation coefficient of inter-assay can be controlled within 10%. There is no non-specific reaction with common tumor markers, and the detection limit can reach 0.125 ng mL-1. The results show that the KIN17 protein can be detected by ELISA, and there is a significant rise in KIN17 concentration in a liver cancer group compared with a healthy group, whose average concentrations are 1.730 ng mL-1 and 0.3897 ng mL-1, respectively. On this basis, we hypothesize that the serum KIN17 protein can serve as a potential biomarker of liver cancer and be measurable with the verified ELISA system after specific ultrafiltration and centrifugation, which is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of liver cancer.

Current methods for the detection of glypican-3.

Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) that binds to the cell membrane via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), widely expressed in human embryos, and is undetectable in healthy adult liver but overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, accurate and sensitive detection of GPC3 is critical for disease diagnosis. In recent years, a series of methods have been developed for the highly sensitive detection of GPC3, but there is a lack of reviews on recent advances in GPC3-related assays. In this review, we provide the recent advances in GPC3 detection and GPC3 concentration detection, mainly in terms of various optical sensor-based assays and electrochemical assays, and also provide new insights into the challenges and future directions of the field.

Extraction-free, immuno-RPA-CRISPR/Cas13a-based one-pot detection of glypican-3 directly from extracellular vesicles.

BACKGROUND: Glypican-3 (GPC3) is a heparan sulfate proteoglycan (HSPG) that binds to the cell membrane via glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI). It is not found in healthy adult liver but is overexpressed in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The protein marker GPC3 on extracellular vesicles (GPC3+ EVs) is also useful for HCC detection. Nevertheless, the absence of practical and dependable quantitative techniques to evaluate EVs proteins prevents their clinical implementation. RESULTS: Here, using an immuno-recombinase polymerase amplification (immuno-RPA) process and dual amplification of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas13a, we firstly create an extraction-free one-pot immuno-RPA-CRISPR (opiCRISPR) for the direct and extremely sensitive detection of EVs proteins. The EVs protein-targeted detection probe is amplified by RPA to generate a long repetitive sequence containing multiple CRISPR RNA (crRNA) targeting barcodes, and the signal is further amplified by the CRISPR-Cas13a side-chain cleavage activity to generate a fluorescent signal. The results show that circulating extracellular vesicle GPC3 (eGPC3) levels are a reliable marker for GPC3 expression in tumor, opening up new avenues for tumor diagnosis. SIGNIFICANCE AND NOVELTY: We created an eGPC3 assay based on the CRISPR-Cas13a system, and successfully study the significance of extracellular vesicle GPC3 markers in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Oral dehydroepiandrosterone supplementation enhances osteoporotic fracture healing in the OVX rats.

Osteoporosis easily causes delayed fracture union, even non-union. It has been demonstrated that dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation can increase estrogen levels and improve bone mineral density (BMD) in the elderly, while the role of DHEA on fracture healing remains unknown. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of DHEA supplementation on osteoporotic fracture healing. Seventy-two female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Forty-eight rats received ovariectomy (OVX), and the remaining rats received a sham OVX operation (sham group). A right transverse femoral osteotomy was performed in all rats at 12 weeks post-OVX. OVX rats were randomly allocated into 2 groups (n = 24 in each group): (i) ovariectomized rats (control group) and (ii) ovariectomized rats treated with DHEA (DHEA group, 5 mg/kg/day). The DHEA supplementation was initiated on the first day post-fracture for 3, 6, and 12 weeks. Fracture healing was evaluated by radiography, histology, biomechanical analysis, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Serum biomarkers were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). At 3 and 6 weeks, radiographs revealed reduced calluses formation and lower radiographic scores in the control group than in other groups. The sham and DHEA groups showed higher BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) at the fracture site than the control group after fracture. Histological analysis revealed the fracture callus was remodeled better in the sham and DHEA groups than in the control group. At the early phase of healing, DHEA supplementation increased osteoblast number, callus area, and cartilage area than the control group. An increased bone area was observed in the DHEA group than in the control group at the late phase of healing. Additionally, improved biomechanical characteristics were observed in both the sham and DHEA groups than those in the control group post-fracture. ELISA showed higher levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) and 17ß-estradiol (E2) in the DHEA group than in the control group post-fracture. Furthermore, the DHEA group exhibited significantly elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) levels compared to the control group at 6 and 12 weeks. The DHEA group and the control group did not exhibit a notable difference in TRAP-5b levels. The present study demonstrated that the DHEA treatment has a favorable impact on osteoporotic fracture healing by enhancing callus formation, consolidation, and strength in the OVX rats.

Roles and regulatory mechanisms of KIN17 in cancers (Review).

KIN17, which is known as a DNA and RNA binding protein, is highly expressed in numerous types of human cancers and was discovered to participate in several vital cell behaviors, including DNA replication, damage repair, regulation of cell cycle and RNA processing. Furthermore, KIN17 is associated with cancer cell proliferation, migration, invasion and cell cycle regulation by regulating pathways including the p38 MAPK, NF-κB-Snail and TGF-ß/Smad2 signaling pathways. In addition, knockdown of KIN17 was found to enhance the sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic agents. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that there were significant differences in the expression of KIN17 between cancer tissues and adjacent tissues. Both the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that KIN17 is aberrantly high expressed in various tumor tissues and is also associated with poor prognosis in patients with various tumor types. Taken together, KIN17 has key roles in tumorigenesis and cancer development. Investigating the relationship between KIN17 and neoplasms will provide a vital theoretical basis for KIN17 to serve as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for cancer patients and as a potential target for cancer therapy.

Long non-coding RNA BC002811 Promotes Gastric Cancer Metastasis by Regulating SOX2 Binding to the PTEN Promoter.

There is increasing evidence that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the pathogenesis and progression of gastric cancer (GC), however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. In this study, we identified lncRNA BC002811 as a critical regulator of GC development and progression. BC002811 was upregulated in GC tissues and cell lines, and that high expression of BC002811 was indicative of a reduction in overall survival of GC patients. Our research reveals that BC002811 promoted GC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and inhibition of apoptosis in vitro, as well as accelerated tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. We also found that BC002811 upregulated MMP2 and MMP9 and promoted GC cell metastasis partially through downregulating PTEN expression. BC002811 may act as a molecular decoy for the transcription factor SOX2, thereby inhibiting the transcription of PTEN by blocking SOX2 binding to the PTEN promoter. Our study advances the understanding of the role of BC002811 in the pathogenesis of GC and provides new molecular targets for therapeutic intervention against GC metastasis.

The tibial insertion of the hamstring can be considered to be preserved during anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Background: Hamstring as a graft was very common in anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction surgery. Usually the hamstring muscles needed to be taken out and then woven to be used. Aim: In order to investigate whether it was beneficial for patients to preserve the transpedicular insertion of hamstring when using the hamstring as a graft for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Methods: This was a retrospective study. Patients with anterior cruciate ligament injury who underwent surgery in a large hospital from January 2015 to May 2021 were included in the study. These patients underwent anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction assisted by arthroscopic. Autologous hamstring muscles were used as grafts. The tibial insertion of the hamstring were preserved during the operation were included in the observation group. The remaining patients were included in the control group. The knee joint function and operation of the two groups were compared. Results: A total of 97 patients were included in the study. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in general data including gender, age and surgical side. All the patients' operations were successfully completed there was no significant difference in the operation time between the two groups. All patients were followed up for at least 1 year. No patients had complications such as wound infection and graft failure at the last follow-up. There was no significant difference between the two groups in Lysholm score and IKDC score before operation. Similarly, there was no significant difference between the two groups in Lysholm score and IKDC score 3 months after operation. However, the Lysholm score and IKDC score of the two groups 1 year after operation were statistically different, and the patients in the observation group had higher Lysholm score and IKDC score. After comparing the MRI images of the knee of the two groups 3 months after operation through the MRI evaluation system, compared with the patients in the control group, the patients in the observation group have higher scores, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: In the knee arthroscopic assisted anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction using the hamstring as a graft, the tibial insertion of the hamstring can be preserved, which can make the patient have better function after the operation. This kind of operation leads to the increase of operation time and operation risk.

Effect of modified Laprade technique on posterolateral ligament injury of knee.

PURPOSE: To investigate the effect of modified Laprade technique on the reconstruction of posterolateral structure of knee and anterolateral ligament of knee in the treatment of posterolateral injury of knee. METHODS: From December 2013 to June 2020, multiple ligament injury patients who received surgery in our hospital were collected in this research. These patients underwent a modified Laprade technique for posterolateral structural reconstruction of the knee. Lysholm scores of patients pre- and post-operation were recorded. RESULT: The operations of the observation group or the control group patients were completed. There were no significant differences in gender, age, preoperative knee range of motion and preoperative Lysholm score. At the time of follow-up 1 month after operation, there was no significant difference in knee range of motion, dial-up test angle and Lysholm score between the observation and the control group. When followed up 1 year after operation, the Lysholm score of the observation group was higher than that of the control group. The difference was statistically significant. The same situation occurred in the range of motion of the knee in both groups. However, there was still no significant difference between the two groups in the dial-up test 1 year after operation, whether the knee flexion was 30° or 90°. CONCLUSION: For patients with posterolateral structure injury of knee, the modified Laprade technique is a feasible surgical technique.

Integrated analysis of microRNA and transcription factors in the bone marrow of patients with acute monocytic leukemia.

Acutemonocytic leukemia (AMoL) is a distinct subtype of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with poor prognosis. However, the molecular mechanisms and key regulators involved in the global regulation of gene expression levels in AMoL are poorly understood. In order to elucidate the role of microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) and transcription factors (TFs) in AMoL pathogenesis at the network level, miRNA and TF expression level profiles were systematically analyzed by miRNA sequencing and TF array, respectively; this identified 285 differentially expressed miRNAs and 139 differentially expressed TFs in AMoL samples compared with controls. By combining expression level profile data and bioinformatics tools available for predicting TF and miRNA targets, a comprehensive AMoL-specific miRNA-TF-mediated regulatory network was constructed. A total of 26 miRNAs and 23 TFs were identified as hub nodes in the network. Among these hubs, miR-29b-3p, MYC, TP53 and NFKB1 were determined to be potential AMoL regulators, and were subsequently extracted to construct sub-networks. A hypothetical pathway model was also proposed for miR-29b-3p to reveal the potential co-regulatory mechanisms of miR-29b-3p, MYC, TP53 and NFKB1 in AMoL. The present study provided an effective approach to discover critical regulators via a comprehensive regulatory network in AMoL, in addition to enhancing understanding of the pathogenesis of this disease at the molecular level.

[Effect of seven kinds of flavonoids on recombinant human protein tyrosine phosphatase].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of seven kinds of flavonoids on recombinant human phosphatase of regenerating liver-3 activity. METHODS: The inhibitory effect of flavonoids was tested by DiFMUP assay. Calculation of IC50 values was performed according to the law of semi-effect-probit. RESULTS: Myricetin and gossypin could significantly inhibit recombinant PRL-3 activity in a concentration dependent manner with IC50 values of 55.54 and 68.86 micromol/L, respectively. Quercetin, luteolin and 7,8-Dihydroxyflavone had a weak inhibitory effect with IC50 values of 113.38, 151.56 and 249.49 micromol/L. respectively. While 3-hydroxyflavone and 6-hydroxyflavone had no significant effect on PRL-3 activity. Structure activity study indicated that C4 and C7 hydroxyls on the flavone skeleton were key functional groups to influencing PRL-3 inhibotory activity. The inhibitory effect of flavonoids on PRL-3 was increased with the number of hydroxyl group. CONCLUSION: Myricetin and gossypin were two strong inhibitors on recombinant human protein tyrosine phosphatase PRL-3.

Arthroscopic fixation of humeral greater tuberosity fracture using a W-shaped suture.

BACKGROUND: Patients with greater tuberosity fractures of the humerus often require surgery. Therefore, there is a need to find a minimally invasive and effective surgical procedure with great patient outcomes. AIM: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of the W-shaped suture technique under shoulder arthroscopy in the treatment of greater tuberosity fractures of the humerus. METHODS: In this retrospective study, a total of 17 patients were included. The fractures were closed, and there was no neurovascular injury. These patients underwent arthroscopically assisted reduction and internal fixation of the greater tuberosity fractures. Fixation was performed using sighting nails combined with a W-shaped suture. The imaging data of the patients were collected, and the ASES score, Constant-Murley score, and VAS score were used to evaluate the patient's outcome. At the last follow-up (at least 1 year), the range of motion in the affected shoulder was compared with that of the contralateral side. RESULTS: The operation was successful in all the patients. The average follow-up time was 13 months. There were no reported complications such as fracture displacement, nonunion, and internal fixation failure during the follow-up period. Post-operative X-ray examinations revealed good function recovery, with a healing time of between 10 and 12 weeks, and an average healing time of 11.5 weeks. Following the operation, patients reported reduced shoulder joint pain that no longer influenced their activity or caused discomfort in their daily life. The patient's VAS score ranged from 0 to 3, with an average of 0.52 ± 0.73, while at the last follow-up, the Constant-Murley score ranged from 83 to 97, with an average of 92.33 ± 7.55. The ASES score ranged from 81 to 98, with an average of 93.15 ± 6.93. At the last follow-up, there was no significant difference in the overall range of motion with the unaffected limb. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that the W-shaped suture can be used to effectively fix the fractures of the greater tuberosity of the humerus, by increasing the fixed area to promote healing.

Structure-activity relationship of 7 flavonoids on recombinant human protein kinase CK2 holoenzyme.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of 7 flavonoids on recombinant human protein kinase CK 2 holoenzyme activity and investigate their structure-activity relationship. METHODS: Recombinant human protein kinase CK 2 alpha' and beta subunits were mixed at equal molar ratio to reconstitute CK 2 holoenzyme. The CK 2 activity was assayed by detecting incorporation of (32)P of [gamma-(32)P]ATP into the substrate for the inhibitory effect by flavonoids and calculation of IC50 was performed according to probability unit (PROBIT) method. RESULTS: Myricetin, quercetin, morin, luteolin, kaempferol, apigenin, and chrysin were shown to obviously inhibit recombinant CK 2 holoenzyme activity in a concentration-dependent manner with IC50 values of 1.18, 0.51, 16.16, 0.86, 1.88, 1.72, and 13.63 micromol/L, respectively. Myricetin, quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, and apigenin were more effective than DRB and A3, which were known as CK 2 inhibitors in vitro. Whereas morin and chrysin displayed a similar effect to DRB. Structure-activity study indicated that the major structural requirements for the potent inhibition of CK 2 by these flavonoids were hydroxyl group at position 6, 3' and 4'. Different from these requirements, absence of a hydroxyl group at position 3 did not modify their inhibitory potency, while addition of hydroxyl groups at positions 2' or 5' was detrimental to the inhibitory effect on CK 2. CONCLUSION: The inhibitory effect of flavonoid on protein kinase CK 2 in vitro may be determined by the position of their hydroxyl groups.

[Corrigendum] Oncogenic function of Plac1 on the proliferation and metastasis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

Following the publication of this article, the authors have realized that Table I contained some important errors. The data shown for the positive or negative HBsAg patient characteristic in terms of the no. of patients, Plac1 (+) and Plac1 (­) were incorrect. A corrected version of the Table is shown below (the corrected data are highlighted in bold). The authors sincerely apologize for the errors that were introduced during the preparation of this Table. Furthermore, they regret any inconvenience that this mistake has caused. [the original article was published in Oncology Reports 37: 465­473, 2017; DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5272].