RESUMEN
SARS-CoV-2 infections among vaccinated nursing home residents increased after the Omicron variant emerged. Data on booster dose effectiveness in this population are limited. During July 2021-March 2022, nursing home outbreaks in 11 US jurisdictions involving >3 infections within 14 days among residents who had received at least the primary COVID-19 vaccine(s) were monitored. Among 2,188 nursing homes, 1,247 outbreaks were reported in the periods of Delta (n = 356, 29%), mixed Delta/Omicron (n = 354, 28%), and Omicron (n = 536, 43%) predominance. During the Omicron-predominant period, the risk for infection within 14 days of an outbreak start was lower among boosted residents than among residents who had received the primary vaccine series alone (risk ratio [RR] 0.25, 95% CI 0.19-0.33). Once infected, boosted residents were at lower risk for all-cause hospitalization (RR 0.48, 95% CI 0.40-0.49) and death (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.34-0.59) than primary vaccine-only residents.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/prevención & control , Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Casas de Salud , Brotes de EnfermedadesAsunto(s)
Técnicas de Laboratorio Clínico , Infecciones por Coronavirus/epidemiología , Neumonía Viral/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Betacoronavirus/inmunología , COVID-19 , Prueba de COVID-19 , Niño , Preescolar , Infecciones por Coronavirus/diagnóstico , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oregon/epidemiología , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Among nursing home outbreaks of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with ≥3 breakthrough infections when the predominant severe acute respiratory coronavirus virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variant circulating was the SARS-CoV-2 δ (delta) variant, fully vaccinated residents were 28% less likely to be infected than were unvaccinated residents. Once infected, they had approximately half the risk for all-cause hospitalization and all-cause death compared with unvaccinated infected residents.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Virosis , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/prevención & control , Casas de Salud , Brotes de Enfermedades/prevención & controlRESUMEN
Multiple room occupancy is common in Nursing Homes (NHs), and its role in transmission of antibiotic-resistant pathogens is unclear. We investigated prevalence of patient colonization and environmental contamination with vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in NH roommates, compared it with expected prevalence, and determined specific body and environmental sites that may act as sources of roommate colonization. Roommate contamination was associated with index patient's colonization (relative risk (RR): 2.57 (95% CI 1.04-6.37)) for MRSA, and index patient's immediate environment contamination for VRE (RR: 3.60 (95% CI 1.59-8.12)). When specific index patient sites associated with roommate colonization were investigated, the side table (Fisher's p = 0.029 and 0.047 for VRE and MRSA, respectively) and the nurse call button (p = 0.001 and 0.052) stood out, together with patient hands in the case of VRE (p = 0.026). Future studies should be carried out to establish whether these sites should be a specific target of infection prevention campaigns in NHs with multiple occupancy rooms.