Simultaneous Determination of Fragmentation Functions and Test on Momentum Sum Rule.

We perform a simultaneous global analysis of hadron fragmentation functions (FFs) to various charged hadrons (π^{±}, K^{±}, and p/p[over ¯]) at next-to-leading order in QCD. The world data include results from electron-positron single-inclusive annihilation, semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering, as well as proton-proton collisions including jet fragmentation measurements for the first time, which lead to strong constraints on the gluon fragmentations. By carefully selecting hadron kinematics to ensure the validity of QCD factorization and the convergence of perturbative calculations, we achieve a satisfying best fit with χ^{2}/d.o.f.=0.90. The total momentum of u, d quarks and gluon carried by light charged hadrons have been determined precisely, urging precision determinations of FFs to neutral hadrons for a test of fundamental sum rules in QCD fragmentation.

Multi-omics analysis of chemical composition variation among different muscle types in Hu lamb.

BACKGROUND: Consumers' preferences for lamb meat vary greatly depending on the specific cut. Variations in the chemical composition across different muscle types play a crucial role in determining meat quality, particularly with regard to flavor. Therefore, it is essential to study the variations in chemical composition among different muscle types in lamb, as well as the mechanisms behind their formation, aiming to understand the flavor variation across the muscle types. RESULTS: Flank muscles showed significantly higher intramuscular fat content and muscle fiber diameter compared to triceps brachii and biceps femoris (BF), at the same time as displaying a significantly lower percentage of type I muscle fibers. Forty-three differentially abundant volatile compounds (DAVC) were identified across five muscles, with the majority of DAVCs being more abundant in the BF. In total, 161 differentially abundant lipids were identified across five muscles, with triglycerides (TG), phosphatidylcholines (PC), phosphatidyl ethanolamines (PE) and phosphatidylmethanol (PMeOH) showing a strong correlation with DAVCs. A lipid-gene regulatory network was established, encompassing 664 lipids and 11 107 genes, leading to the identification of pathways and genes that regulate the metabolism of PEs, PMeOH, PCs and TGs. CONCLUSION: The present study showed the significant variation in flavor compounds among the five edible muscles, as well as the potential reasons for their formation. The results potentially provide a theoretical foundation for improving the meat quality of lamb. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Potential roles of heparanase in cancer therapy: Current trends and future direction.

Heparanase (HPSE; heparanase-1) is an endo-ß-glucuronidase capable of degrading the carbohydrate moiety of heparan sulfate proteoglycans, thus modulating and facilitating the remodeling of the extracellular matrix and basement membrane. HPSE activity is strongly associated with major human pathological complications, including but not limited to tumor progress and angiogenesis. Several lines of literature have shown that overexpression of HPSE leads to enhanced tumor growth and metastatic transmission, as well as poor prognosis. Gene silencing of HPSE or treatment of tumor with compounds that block HPSE activity are shown to remarkably attenuate tumor progression. Therefore, targeting HPSE is considered as a potential therapeutical strategy for the treatment of cancer. Intriguingly, recent findings disclose that heparanase-2 (HPSE-2), a close homolog of HPSE but lacking enzymatic activity, can also regulate antitumor mechanisms. Given the pleiotropic roles of HPSE, further investigation is in demand to determine the precise mechanism of regulating action of HPSE in different cancer settings. In this review, we first summarize the current understanding of HPSE, such as its structure, subcellular localization, and tissue distribution. Furthermore, we systematically review the pro- and antitumorigenic roles and mechanisms of HPSE in cancer progress. In addition, we delineate HPSE inhibitors that have entered clinical trials and their therapeutic potential.

A Polyzwitterion-Mediated Polymer Electrolyte with High Oxidative Stability for Lithium-Metal Batteries.

To achieve high-performance solid-state lithium-metal batteries (SSLMBs), solid electrolytes with high ionic conductivity, high oxidative stability, and high mechanical strength are necessary. However, balancing these characteristics remains dramatically challenging and is still not well addressed. Herein, a simple yet effective design strategy is presented for the development of high-performance polymer electrolytes (PEs) by exploring the synergistic effect between dynamic H-bonded networks and conductive zwitterionic nanochannels. Multiple weak intermolecular interactions along with ample nanochannels lead to high oxidative stability (over 5 V), improved mechanical properties (strain of 1320%), and fast ion transport (ionic conductivity of 10-4 S cm-1 ) of PEs. The amphoteric ionic functional units also effectively regulate the lithium ion distribution and confine the anion transport to achieve uniform lithium ion deposition. As a result, the assembled SSLMBs exhibit excellent capacity retention and long-term cycle stability (average Coulombic efficiency: 99.5%, >1000 cycles with LiFePO4 cathode; initial capacity: 202 mAh g-1 , average Coulombic efficiency: 96%, >230 cycles with LiNi0.8 Co0.1 Mn0.1 O2 cathode). It is exciting to note that the corresponding flexible cells can be cycled stably and can withstand severe deformation. The resulting polyzwitterion-mediated PE therefore offers great promise for the next-generation safe and high-energy-density flexible energy storage devices.

High-speed 4 × 4 silicon photonic plasma dispersive switch, operating at the 2†µm waveband.

The escalating need for expansive data bandwidth, and the resulting capacity constraints of the single mode fiber (SMF) have positioned the 2-µm waveband as a prospective window for emerging applications in optical communication. This has initiated an ecosystem of silicon photonic components in the region driven by CMOS compatibility, low cost, high efficiency and potential for large-scale integration. In this study, we demonstrate a plasma dispersive 4 × 4 photonic switch operating at the 2-µm waveband with the highest switching speed. The demonstrated switch operates across a 45-nm bandwidth, with 10-90% rise and 90-10% fall time of 1.78 ns and 3.02 ns respectively. In a 4 × 4 implementation, crosstalk below -15 dB and power consumption lower than 19.15 mW across all 16 optical paths are indicated. This result brings high-speed optical switching to the portfolio of devices at the promising waveband.

Optical frequency comb generation from a 1.65 µm single-section quantum well laser.

Optical frequency combs (OFCs) in the 1.65 µm wavelength band are promising for methane sensing and extended high-capacity optical communications. In this work, a frequency-modulated (FM) OFC is generated from a 1.65 µm single-section quantum well laser. This is characterized by a 1 kHz-wide beatnote signal at ∼19.4 GHz. Typical FM optical spectra are shown and optical linewidth of the OFC narrows through the mutual injection locking process in the comb formation. No distinct pulse train is observed on oscilloscope, which conforms with the FM operation. Furthermore, to add further evidence that four-wave mixing (FWM) is the driving mechanism of the comb formation, FWM frequency conversion characterization is conducted on a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) fabricated together with the tested laser. An efficiency of ∼-30 dB confirms the capability of FM mode locking.

Expression profile of FASN gene and association of its polymorphisms with intramuscular fat content in Hu sheep.

The content of intramuscular fat (IMF) is one of the most important factors that has a large impact on meat quality, and it is an effective way to improve IMF according to marker-assisted selection (MAS). Fatty-acid synthase (FASN) is a key gene in meat lipid deposition and fatty acid composition. Thus, this study was conducted to investigate the expression profile of FASN in mRNA and protein levels using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and western-blot methods. In addition, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within FASN in 921 Hu rams with IMF content records were investigated using DNA-pooling sequencing and improved multiple ligase detection reaction (iMLDR) methods. Consequently, the highest mRNA expression level of FASN was observed in the perinephric fat, and the lowest in the liver among the 11 tissues analyzed, while no significant difference was found in mRNA and protein expression levels in longissimus dorsi among individuals with different IMF contents. A total of 10 putative SNPs were identified within FASN, and 9 of them can be genotyped by iMLDR method. Notably, two SNPs were significantly associated with IMF content, including NC_040262.1: g.5157 A > G in intron 5 (p = 0.046) and NC_040262.1: g.9413 T > C in intron 16 (p = 0.041), which supply molecular markers for improving meat quality in sheep breeding.

Precise Target Geo-Location of Long-Range Oblique Reconnaissance System for UAVs.

High-precision, real-time, and long-range target geo-location is crucial to UAV reconnaissance and target strikes. Traditional geo-location methods are highly dependent on the accuracies of GPS/INS and the target elevation, which restricts the target geo-location accuracy for LRORS. Moreover, due to the limitations of laser range and the common, real time methods of improving the accuracy, such as laser range finders, DEM and geographic reference data are inappropriate for long-range UAVs. To address the above problems, a set of work patterns and a novel geo-location method are proposed in this paper. The proposed method is not restricted by conditions such as the accuracy of GPS/INS, target elevation, and range finding instrumentation. Specifically, three steps are given, to perform as follows: First, calculate the rough geo-location of the target using the traditional method. Then, according to the rough geo-location, reimage the target. Due to errors in GPS/INS and target elevation, there will be a re-projection error between the actual points of the target and the calculated projection ones. Third, a weighted filtering algorithm is proposed to obtain the optimized target geo-location by processing the reprojection error. Repeat the above process until the target geo-location estimation converges on the true value. The geo-location accuracy is improved by the work pattern and the optimization algorithm. The proposed method was verified by simulation and a flight experiment. The results showed that the proposed method can improve the geo-location accuracy by 38.8 times and 22.5 times compared with traditional methods and DEM methods, respectively. The results indicate that our method is efficient and robust, and can achieve high-precision target geo-location, with an easy implementation.

Selective colorimetric sensing of sub-nanomolar Hg2+ based on its significantly enhancing peroxidase mimics of silver/copper nanoclusters.

A simple colorimetric sensing strategy for Hg2+ ions was developed using silver/copper nanoclusters (Ag/Cu NCs) with excellent selectivity and sensitivity. Bimetallic Ag/Cu NCs were synthesized by using glutathione (GSH) as a template and sodium borohydride as a reducing agent. It was found that the peroxidase-like activity of Ag/Cu NCs was significantly enhanced in the presence of Hg2+. Therefore, a colorimetric method based on catalysis was developed to detect Hg2+ with a linear concentration range of 0.1-700 nM and a detection limit of 0.05 nM (S/N = 3). The common species have no effect on Hg2+ ion detection. Furthermore, this method is applicable to accurately detect Hg2+ in real aqueous samples and is reproducible. Therefore, owing to the merits of sensitivity, selectivity, rapid response and visual read-out, it can be promising in the development of a portable Hg2+ analyzer for on-site detection.

Smartphone-based application to improve medication adherence in patients after surgical coronary revascularization.

BACKGROUND: Secondary preventive therapies play a key role in the prevention of adverse events after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). However, adherence to secondary preventive drugs after CABG is often poor. With the increasing penetration of smartphones, health-related smartphone applications might provide an opportunity to improve medication adherence. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of using a smartphone-based application to improve medication adherence in patients after CABG. METHODS: The Measurement and Improvement Studies of Surgical coronary revascularizatION: medication adherence (MISSION-2) study is a multicenter randomized controlled trial that planned to enroll over 1000 patients who underwent isolated CABG at one of four large teaching hospitals in China; all enrolled participants had access to a smartphone and were able to operate at least three smartphone applications. The investigators randomly assigned the participants to one of two groups: (1) the intervention group with an advanced smartphone application for 6 months which was designed specifically for this trial and did not exist before. Participants could receive medication reminders and cardiac health education by the smartphone application or (2) the control group with usual care. The primary outcome was CABG secondary preventive medication adherence as measured by the translated Chinese version of the 8-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8) at 6 months after randomization. The secondary outcomes were mortality, major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), cardiovascular rehospitalization, self-reported secondary preventive medication use after 6 months of follow-up, blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), and self-reported smoking status. All analyses were conducted using the intention-to-treat principle. RESULTS: A total of 1000 patients (mean age, 57.28 [SD, 9.09] years; 85.5% male) with coronary heart disease after CABG were enrolled between September 2015 and September 2016 and were randomly assigned to the intervention (n = 501) or control group (n = 499). At 6 months, the proportion of low-adherence participants, categorized by MMAS-8 scores, was 11.8% in the intervention group and 11.7% in the control group (RR = 1.005, 95% CI 0.682 to 1.480, P = 1.000). Similar results were found in sensitivity analyses that considered participants who withdrew from the study, or were lost to follow-up as nonadherent. There were no significant differences in the secondary clinical outcome measures, and there were no significant differences in the primary outcome across the subgroups tested. In the intervention group, the proportion of participants who used and operated the application during the first month after CABG was 88.1%; however, the use rate decreased sharply from 42.5% in the second month to 9.2% by the end of the study (6 months). CONCLUSIONS: A smartphone-based application supporting secondary prevention among patients after CABG did not lead to a greater adherence to secondary preventive medications. The limited room for improvement in medication adherence and the low participants' engagement with the smartphone applications might account for these non-significant outcomes.

Sub-kHz linewidth, hybrid III-V/silicon wavelength-tunable laser diode operating at the application-rich 1647-1690†nm.

The wavelength region about of 1650 nm enables pervasive applications. Some instances include methane spectroscopy, free-space/fiber communications, LIDAR, gas sensing (i.e. C2H2, C2H4, C3H8), surgery and medical diagnostics. In this work, through the hybrid integration between an III-V optical amplifier and an extended, low-loss wavelength tunable silicon Vernier cavity, we report for the first time, a III-V/silicon hybrid wavelength-tunable laser covering the application-rich wavelength region of 1647-1690 nm. Room-temperature continuous wave operation is achieved with an output power of up to 31.1 mW, corresponding to a maximum side-mode suppression ratio of 46.01 dB. The laser is ultra-coherent, with an estimated linewidth of 0.7 kHz, characterized by integrating a 35 km-long recirculating fiber loop into the delayed self-heterodyne interferometer setup. The laser linewidth is amongst the lowest in hybrid/heterogeneous III-V/silicon lasers.

Compact silicon photonic hybrid ring external cavity (SHREC)/InGaSb-AlGaAsSb wavelength-tunable laser diode operating from 1881-1947†nm.

In recent years, the 2 µm waveband has been gaining significant attention due to its potential in the realization of several key technologies, specifically, future long-haul optical communications near the 1.9 µm wavelength region. In this work, we present a hybrid silicon photonic wavelength-tunable diode laser with an operating range of 1881-1947 nm (66 nm) for the first time, providing good compatibility with the hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber and thulium-doped fiber amplifier. Room-temperature continuous-wave operation was achieved with a favorable on-chip output power of 28 mW. Stable single-mode lasing was observed with side-mode suppression ratio up to 35 dB. Besides the abovementioned potential applications, the demonstrated wavelength region will find critical purpose in H2O spectroscopic sensing, optical logic, signal processing as well as enabling the strong optical Kerr effect on Si.

Vehicle Detection in Aerial Images Using a Fast Oriented Region Search and the Vector of Locally Aggregated Descriptors.

Vehicle detection in aerial images plays a significant role in civil and military applications and it faces many challenges including the overhead-view perspective, the highly complex background, and the variants of vehicles. This paper presents a robust vehicle detection scheme to overcome these issues. In the detection stage, we propose a novel algorithm to generate oriented proposals that could enclose the vehicle objects properly as rotated rectangles with orientations. To discriminate the object and background in the proposals, we propose a modified vector of locally aggregated descriptors (VLAD) image representation model with a recently proposed image feature, i.e., local steering kernel (LSK) feature. By applying non-maximum suppression (NMS) after classification, we show that each vehicle object is detected with a single-oriented bounding box. Experiments are conducted on aerial images to compare the proposed method with state-of-art methods and evaluate the impact of the components in the model. The results have proven the robustness of the proposed method under various circumstances and the superior performance over other existing vehicle detection approaches.

Serum IFN-γ levels predict the therapeutic effect of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in active rheumatoid arthritis.

BACKGROUND: To explore the mechanism of the different clinical efficacies of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation (MSCT) and identify a possible serum biomarker for predicting the therapeutic effect of MSCT in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. METHODS: A total of 105 patients with persistently active RA and poor responses to traditional medication were randomly divided into MSCT and control groups. Outcomes were evaluated according to the 28-joint Disease Activity Score and Health Assessment Questionnaire, serological indicators, regulatory T cell (Treg) to T helper 17 (Th17) cell ratio, and inflammatory cytokine levels. Twelve weeks after MSCT, the outcomes of the MSCT group were evaluated according to the European League against Rheumatism response criteria. Patients with a good or moderate response were added to the response group, and those with no response were added to the no-response group. RESULTS: No serious adverse events were reported for either MSCT subgroup (28 in the response group and 24 in the no-response group). The therapeutic effects lasted for 48 weeks without continuous administration. Notably, a transient increase in serum IFN-γ (>2 pg/ml) levels was observed in the response group, but not in the no-response group. Furthermore, an increase in IL-10 levels and the Treg/Th17 ratio and a reduction in IL-6 levels appeared 2-3 weeks after the transient IFN-γ increase. CONCLUSIONS: Allogeneic MSCT is safe and feasible, and we propose high serum IFN-γ levels as a potent biomarker for predicting MSCT response. Trial registration chictr.org, ChiCTR-ONC-16008770. Registered 3 July 2016, http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=14820.

Investigation of regime switching from mode locking to Q-switching in a 2 µm InGaSb/AlGaAsSb quantum well laser.

A two-section InGaSb/AlGaAsSb single quantum well (SQW) laser emitting at 2 µm is presented. By varying the absorber bias voltage with a fixed gain current at 130 mA, passive mode locking at ~18.40 GHz, Q-switched mode locking, and passive Q-switching are observed in this laser. In the Q-switched mode locking regimes, the Q-switched RF signal and mode locked RF signal coexist, and the Q-switched lasing and mode-locked lasing happen at different wavelengths. This is the first observation of these three pulsed working regimes in a GaSb-based diode laser. An analysis of the regime switching mechanism is given based on the interplay between the gain saturation and the saturable absorption.

Compact microring resonators integrated with grating couplers working at 2 µm wavelength on silicon-on-insulator platform.

Compact all-pass and add-drop microring resonators (radius=10 µm) integrated with grating couplers working at 2 µm wavelength are designed, fabricated, and characterized on a commercial 340-nm-thick-top-silicon silicon-on-insulator platform. They are suitable for high-volume integrated optical circuits at 2 µm wavelength as the fabrication process involved are uncomplicated and complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-process compatible, thus making them more convenient to be utilized. The performance of the grating couplers, based on four most important parameters, has been simulated and optimized. The simulation and experimental results of grating couplers show the lowest coupling loss of 4.5 dB and 6.5 Db, respectively. By utilizing the grating couplers to couple light in and out from the chip, the designed microring resonators have been tested. The experimental results of microring resonators show that an extinction ratio of 12 dB and a quality factor of 11,200 can be achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this is thus far the smallest microring resonator ever demonstrated at this wavelength.

Use of etanercept to treat rheumatoid arthritis in an HIV-positive patient: a case-based review.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a relatively common autoimmune disease that is associated with progressive disability and systemic complications, with a relatively high socioeconomic burden. The treatment of RA has been revolutionized by the use of biological drugs, such as anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) agents. A wide spectrum of RA disease severity has been reported among patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Yet, only a few cases using anti-TNF therapy have been described in this clinical population. Therefore, the aim of our case-based review was to describe the successful use of etanercept in a 38-year-old female patient with RA concomitant with HIV infection, who had been resistant to the first-line anti-rheumatic therapies. As per routine care guidelines, the patient was screened for hepatitis virus infection, latent tuberculosis, and other infectious conditions, prior to the initiation of etanercept treatment. CD4 cell count, HIV viral load, and adverse effects were closely monitored during the treatment. The HIV infection remained stable with etanercept treatment, without the need for anti-retrovirus agents. No adverse effects and serious infections were identified during the treatment. Therefore, anti-TNF therapy is a viable alternative for the treatment of RA in patients with HIV, who do not respond to conventional anti-rheumatic therapies. The relationship between TNF-α and HIV infection, as well as cautionary guidelines regarding the utilization of anti-TNF therapy in this clinical population, is discussed.

Electromagnetically induced transparency-like effect in microring-Bragg gratings based coupling resonant system.

An all-pass microring-Bragg gratings (APMR-BG) based coupling resonant system is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to generate electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT)-like transmission for the first time. The coupling between two light path ways in the micro-ring resonator and the Fabry-Pérot (F-P) resonator formed by two sections of Bragg gratings gives rise to the EIT-like spectrum. This system has the advantage of a small footprint consisting of only one microring resonator and one bus waveguide with Bragg gratings. It also has a large fabrication tolerance as the overlap requirement between the resonance wavelengths of the microring and the F-P resonator is more relaxed. The two most important properties of the EIT-like transmission namely the insertion loss (IL) and the full-width-at-half-maximum (FWHM) have been analytically investigated by utilizing the specially developed model based on the transfer matrix method. The APMR-BG based coupling resonant system was fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. The EIT-like transmission with an extinction ratio (ER) of 12 dB, a FWHM of 0.077 nm and a quality factor (Q factor) of 20200 was achieved, which agree well with the simulated results based on our numerical model. A slow light with a group delay of 38 ps was also obtained.

Hybrid III-V/silicon laser with laterally coupled Bragg grating.

In this paper, we demonstrate a compact electrically pumped distributed-feedback hybrid III-V/silicon laser with laterally coupled Bragg grating for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The hybrid laser structure consists of AlGaInAs/InP multi-quantum-well gain layers on top of a laterally corrugated silicon waveguide patterned on a silicon on insulator (SOI) substrate. A pair of surface couplers is integrated at the two ends of the silicon waveguide for the optical coupling and characterization of the ouput light. Single wavelength emission of ~1.55µm with a side-mode-suppression- ratio larger than 20dB and low threshold current density of 1.54kA/cm(2) were achieved for the device under pulsed operation at 20 °C.