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Photosynthesis of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) by selective oxygen reduction is a green and cost-effective alternative to the energy-intensive anthraquinone process. Although inexpensive polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) exhibits the ability to produce H2O2, its disordered and amorphous structure leads to a high recombination rate of photogenerated carriers and hinders charge transfer between layers. Herein, we predict that stacked polymeric g-C3N4 with ion intercalation (K+ and I-) can improve carrier separation and transfer by multiscale computational simulations. The electronic structures of g-C3N4 were tailored and modified by intercalating K+ and I- into the layer-by-layer structures. Guided by the computational predictions, we achieved efficient solar-driven H2O2 production by employing this facile and ion-intercalated crystalline g-C3N4. An H2O2 production rate of 13.1 mM g-1 h-1 and an apparent quantum yield of 23.6% at 400 nm were obtained. The synergistic effects of crystallinity regulation and dual interstitial doping engineering triggered the formation of new light absorption centers, the establishment of rapid charge diffusion channels, and the enhancement of two-electron oxygen reduction characteristics. This work sheds light on the dual tuning of crystallinity and electronic structure and broadens the design principles of organic-conjugated polymer photocatalysts for environmental remediation and energy conservation.
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OBJECTIVES: To investigate the inhibitory effects of STM2457, which is a novel METTL3 (m6 A writer) inhibitor, both as a monotherapy and in combination with anlotinib, in the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) both in vitro and in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The efficacy of STM2457 or STM2457 plus anlotinib was evaluated using two OSCC cell lines by CCK8, transwell, colony formation, would-healing, sphere formation, cell cycle, apoptosis assays, and nude mice tumor xenograft techniques. The molecular mechanism study was carried out by western blotting, qRT-PCR, MeRIP-qPCR, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: STM2457 combined with anlotinib enhanced inhibition of cellular survival/proliferation and promotion of apoptosis in vitro. Moreover, this combinatorial approach exerted a notable reduction in stemness properties and EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) features of OSCC cells. Remarkably, in vivo studies validated the efficacy of the combination treatment. Mechanistically, our investigations revealed that the combined action of STM2457 and anlotinib exerted downregulatory effects on EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) expression in OSCC cells. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of STM2457 and anlotinib targeting EGFR exerted a multiple anti-tumor effect. In near future, anlotinib combined with STM2457 may provide a novel insight for the treatment of OSCC.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). METHODS: Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire (GERD-Q) and Reflux Symptom Index (RSI) scale were administered to patients attending the gastroenterology outpatient clinic at the Sixth Medical Center of the PLA General Hospital from 7 April 2021 to 10 June 2021. Patients with GERD-Q score >7 were indicated GERD, and patients with RSI >13 were indicated LPRD. The analysis of patients with pure GERD (independent GERD, iG), patients with LPRD and GERD (LPRD & GERD, L&G), patients with simple LPRD (independent LPRD, iL) and the percentage of normal group (GERDQ-negative and RSI-negative, N). RESULTS: 3060 GERD-Q and RSI questionnaires were distributed, and 2974 complete questionnaires were returned. Among them, 274 (9.20%) iL, 334 (11.23%) iG and 151 (5.10%) L&G patients and 2215 (74.48%) N patients. The positive rate of GERD in this sample was 16.31%, of which 31.13% had coexisting LPRD, and the positive rate of LPRD was 14.29%, of which 35.53% had coexisting GERD. Among patients with LPRD, the positive rate of concomitant GERD (χ2 = 4.157, p = 0.041) and RSI score (Z = -6.823, p = 0.000) was significantly higher in patients with the presence of respiratory symptoms than in those without respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSION: LPRD can exist alone or in conjunction with GERD. Patients with both LPRD and GERD had the most severe reflux symptoms. The need to focus on the risk of those initially screened only with GERD developing LPRD. Respiratory symptoms play an important role in reflux disease.
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Reflujo Gastroesofágico , Reflujo Laringofaríngeo , Humanos , Pacientes Ambulatorios , Estudios Prospectivos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , AncianoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To reveal the effect and mechanism of methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) on cancer stem cells (CSCs) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: First, we analyzed 14-HNSCC-patients' scRNA-seq dataset and TCGA dataset of HNSCC. Then, Mettl3 knockout or overexpression mice models were studied via tracing and staining technologies. In addition, we took flow cytometry sorting and sphere formation assays to observe tumorigenicity and used cell transfection and western blotting to verify target protein expression levels. Furthermore, methylated RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeRIP-seq) and MeRIP-quantitative real-time PCR (MeRIP-qPCR) were taken to identify the mechanism of Mettl3 regulating Bmi1+ CSCs in HNSCC. RESULTS: Due to SOX4 transcriptional regulation, METTL3 regulated the malignant behavior of BMI1+ HNSCC stem cells through cell division pathway. The progression and malignancy of HNSCC were decreased after Mettl3 knocked-out, while increased after Mettl3 knocked-in in Bmi1+ CSCs in vivo. Knockdown of Mettl3 inhibited stemness properties of CSCs in vitro. Mechanically, Mettl3 mediated the m6 A modification of ALDH1A3 and ALDH7A1 mRNA in Bmi1+ HNSCC CSCs. CONCLUSION: Regulated by SOX4, METTL3-mediated ALDH m6 A methylation regulates the malignant behavior of BMI1+ HNSCC CSCs through cell division pathway.
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Serine/arginine-rich proteins are a class of highly conserved splicing factor proteins involved in constitutive and alternative splicing. We screened a low molecular weight serine/arginine rich protein from silkworms and named it BmUP. Temporal and spatial expression analysis indicated that the BmUP gene was specifically expressed in the silkworm testis, and the highest expression occurred in the pre-pupa stage from the fifth instar to the moth stages. Here, we generated BmUP knockout individuals with the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Both the internal and external genitalia of knockout individuals were abnormal in knockout compared with wild-type male silkworms. In transgenic silkworms overexpressing BmUP, male silkworms showed a phenotype similar to that of the knockout individuals, whereas female individuals showed no significant differences from the wild type. In addition, by conducting promoter analysis, we identified Bmachi, a transcription factor that regulates the BmUP gene. Gel migration experiments revealed that BmAchi specifically binds the BmUP promoter. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that an increase in Bmachi expression up-regulated the expression of BmUP. In contrast, when the expression of Bmachi decreased, the expression of BmUP also downregulated in the experimental group compared with the control group. These results provide new insights for studying the effects of serine/arginine-rich proteins on the development of silkworm genitals.
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Yap is the key effector of Hippo signaling; however, its role in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) remains controversial. Here, we identify two Yap splicing isoforms (Yap472 and Yap488), which show equal expression levels but heterogeneous distribution in ESCs. Knockout (KO) of both isoforms reduces ESC self-renewal, accelerates pluripotency exit, but arrests terminal differentiation, while overexpression of each isoform leads to the reverse phenotype. The effect of both Yap isoforms on self-renewal is Teads-dependent and mediated by c-Myc. Nonetheless, different isoforms are found to affect overlapping yet distinct genes, and confer different developmental potential to Yap-KO cells, with Yap472 exerting a more pronounced biological effect and being more essential for neuroectoderm differentiation. Constitutive activation of Yaps, particularly Yap472, dramatically upregulates p53 and Cdx2, inducing trophectoderm trans-differentiation even under self-renewal conditions. These findings reveal the combined roles of different Yap splicing isoforms and mechanisms in regulating self-renewal efficiency and differentiation potential of ESCs.
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Desarrollo Embrionario , Células Madre Embrionarias , Diferenciación Celular/genética , Células Madre Embrionarias/metabolismo , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismoRESUMEN
Hippo signaling pathway is involved in many biological processes including the fate decision of embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Yes-associated protein (Yap) function as a key effector of Hippo pathway, but its role in ESCs is still controversial. So far, only two isoforms of Yap have been identified and they have both overlapping and distinct functions. Here, we identify six novel isoforms of mouse Yap, bringing the total number of isoforms to eight. According to the differences in the first exon, they are divided into two subtypes (a and b). Isoform-a and isoform-b exhibit different subcellular localizations. Moreover, isoform-a can fully reverse the impaired self-renewal phenotype induced by Yap knockout (KO). Upon overexpression, isoform-a moderately promotes mESCs self-renewal and markedly delays differentiation. On the contrary, no significant pro-self-renewal phenotype is observed when isoform-b overexpressed in wildtype (WT) mESCs or re-expressed in Yap KO cell lines. These finding not only help to clarify the role of Yap in mESCs, but also lay the foundation for advancing functional researches of Yap in other processes.
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Fenómenos Biológicos , Células Madre Embrionarias de Ratones , Proteínas Señalizadoras YAP/genética , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/genética , Proteínas Adaptadoras Transductoras de Señales/metabolismo , Animales , Células Madre Embrionarias/metabolismo , Ratones , Células Madre Embrionarias de Ratones/metabolismo , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Macrophage M1 polarization plays a pivotal role in inflammatory diseases. Progranulin (PGRN) has potential anti-inflammation action, however, the effect of PGRN on macrophage M1 polarization has been poorly studied. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of PGRN on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced macrophage M1 polarization and clarify the underlying mechanisms. METHODS: RAW264.7 cells were polarized to M1 macrophage by LPS with or without recombinant PGRN (rPGRN) and tumor necrosis factor alpha antibody (anti-TNF-α). A cell counting kit-8 assay (CCK-8), flow cytometry, Quantitative Real-Time PCR assay (q-PCR), Western blot assay and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to determine the effect of different treatments on cell proliferation, expression of surface phenotype marker and expressions and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. The activation of NF-κB/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathways and the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 were detected by Western blot and immunofluorescence respectively. THP-1 and primary bone marrow-derived monocytes (BMDMs) were also used to demonstrate effect of PGRN on expressions and secretion of inflammatory cytokines induced by LPS. RESULTS: In RAW264.7 cells, rPGRN at concentrations below 80 ng/ml significantly promoted cell proliferation in dose dependent fashion. rPGRN significantly inhibited LPS-induced change of phenotype (CD86/CD206 ratio) and function (tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expressions). LPS-stimulated secretion of TNF-α and activated phosphorylation of IKKα/ß, IкBα, p65, JNK and p38 and the nucleus translocation of NF-кB p65 were also significantly downregulated by rPGRN. In addition, recombinant TNF-α (rTNF-α) significantly boosted TNF-α and iNOS expression vs the control group. Moreover, anti-TNF-α significantly inhibited LPS-induced TNF-α and iNOS expression. In THP-1 and BMDM cells, reversing effect of rPGRN on LPS-enhanced expressions of TNF-α and iNOS and secretion of TNF-α was further demonstrated. CONCLUSIONS: PGRN down-regulates LPS-induced macrophage M1 polarization in phenotype and function via NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathways.
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Lipopolisacáridos/farmacología , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Quinasas Activadas por Mitógenos/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Progranulinas/farmacología , Animales , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Línea Celular , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Citocinas/metabolismo , Humanos , Inflamación/metabolismo , Activación de Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Células RAW 264.7 , Células THP-1/efectos de los fármacos , Células THP-1/metabolismo , Factor de Transcripción ReIA/metabolismo , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) provide an ideal model for investigating developmental processes and are great sources for developing regenerative medicine. Harnessing apoptosis facilitates accurate recapitulation of signalling events during embryogenesis and allows efficient expansion of the ESCs during differentiation. Bcl2, a key regulator of intrinsic anti-apoptotic pathway, encodes two splicing isoforms. However, the identification and functional comparison of Bcl2 splicing isoforms in mouse ESCs (mESCs) remains to be elucidated. Here, we provide the evidence that both Bcl2 splicing variants are expressed in mESCs. Despite the structural difference, they have similar subcellular localisation. Both Bcl2α and Bcl2ß enhance differentiation efficiency of the ESCs and effectively improve the survival and growth of ESCs under serum-free conditions. However, the functional effect of Bcl2α was more potent than that of Bcl2ß. Moreover, only Bcl2α could maintain the long-term expansion and pluripotency of ESCs cultured in serum-free medium. Taken together, our results demonstrate previously unknown functional differences in Bcl2 alternative splicing isoforms in ESCs, and lay the foundation for future efforts to engineer ESCs for regenerative medicine.
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Células Madre Embrionarias de Ratones/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/genética , Empalme Alternativo , Animales , Diferenciación Celular , Línea Celular , Ratones , Células Madre Embrionarias de Ratones/citología , Isoformas de Proteínas/análisis , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/análisisRESUMEN
Embryonic stem (ES) cells are unique in their ability to self-renew indefinitely while maintaining pluripotency. Krüppel-like factor (Klf) 4 is an important member of the Klf family that is known to play a key role in pluripotency and somatic cell reprogramming. However, the identification and functional comparison of Klf4 splicing isoforms in mouse ESCs (mESCs) remains to be elucidated. Here, we identified three novel alternative splicing variants of Klf4 in mESCs-mKlf4-108, mKlf4-375 and mKlf4-1482-that are distinct from the previously known mKlf4-1449. mKlf4-1449 and mKlf4-1482 may stimulate the growth of ESCs, while mKlf4-108 can only promote the growth of ESCs in LIFlow/serum conditions. In addition, both mKlf4-1449 and mKlf4-1482 can inhibit the differentiation of mESCs. However, the ability of mKlf4-1482 to promote self-renewal and inhibit differentiation is not as strong as that of mKlf4-1449. In contrast, both mKlf4-108 and mKlf4-375 may have the ability to induce endodermal differentiation. Taken together, we have identified for the first time the existence of alternative splicing variants of mKlf4 and have revealed their different roles, which provide new insights into the contribution of Klf4 to the self-renewal and pluripotency of mouse ESCs.
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Empalme Alternativo , Autorrenovación de las Células/genética , Autorrenovación de las Células/fisiología , Factores de Transcripción de Tipo Kruppel/genética , Factores de Transcripción de Tipo Kruppel/fisiología , Células Madre Embrionarias de Ratones/citología , Células Madre Embrionarias de Ratones/fisiología , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Diferenciación Celular/genética , Diferenciación Celular/fisiología , Línea Celular , Codón sin Sentido , Factor 4 Similar a Kruppel , Ratones , Modelos Biológicos , Poli A/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/genética , Isoformas de Proteínas/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and a self-doped conjugated polyelectrolyte, poly(4-(2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b]-[1,4]dioxin-2-yl-methoxy)-1-butanesulfonic acid (PEDOT-S), are assembled for organic optoelectronics and bioelectronics. The DNA's helix-coil phase transition in water is studied as a function of composition by thermo-optical analysis. DNA and PEDOT-S are functionalized by using a surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTMA), and DNA:CTMA, PEDOT-S:CTMA, and DNA:CTMA:PEDOT-S:CTMA complexes were characterized regarding thermal, optical, morphological, and structural properties. Finally, DNA and DNA:PEDOT-S mixtures are processed in water for fabricating organized films through brushing. The electrical properties of these films are characterized using an interdigitated electrode. The films show an electronic conductivity of â¼10-6-10-5 S/cm in a range of semiconductors.
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ADN , Polímeros , Cetrimonio , Conductividad Eléctrica , PolielectrolitosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: As the optimal source of seed cells in periodontal tissue engineering, periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) have always been researched to improve cell expansion due to their limited resource and spontaneous differentiation in vitro cultivation. Fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) has been proven to stimulate bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) proliferation and maintain their pluripotency when being added to the culture medium. As a small molecule inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta receptors (TGF-ßRs), A83-01 can also promote cell proliferation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to verify whether the combined application of FGF-2 and A83-01 could augment cell quantity and quality during in vitro culture. METHODS: PDLSCs were preconditioned with A83-01, FGF-2, or their combination. A cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) assay, cell apoptosis assay, ALP activity assay, Alizarin Red S staining assay, RT-PCR assay, Western blot assay and ELISA were used to determine the sustained effects of different preconditioning strategies on the proliferation, apoptosis, stemness, osteogenic differentiation and paracrine action of PDLSCs. RESULTS: The combined application of FGF-2 and A83-01 significantly augmented cell expansion, reduced cell apoptosis, magnified stemness expression, promoted later osteogenic differentiation and mineralization and increased paracrine action of PDLSCs compared with the control. Moreover, the combination presented significant advantages in enhancing proliferation, stemness expression and paracrine action over FGF-2 alone. CONCLUSIONS: The combined application of A83-01 and FGF-2 may be an improved strategy for PDLSCs biological behavior optimization in culture expansion and advantageous for reinforcing proliferation, stemness expression and cytokine secretion over FGF-2 alone.
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Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula/métodos , Factor 2 de Crecimiento de Fibroblastos/farmacología , Ligamento Periodontal/citología , Pirazoles/farmacología , Células Madre/citología , Tiosemicarbazonas/farmacología , Adulto , Fosfatasa Alcalina/metabolismo , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Calcificación Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Calcio/metabolismo , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Osteogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Comunicación Paracrina/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre/metabolismo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the leading cause of death from gynecological malignancy. Accumulated studies have revealed that targeting protein for Xklp2 (TPX2) was tightly associated with the development and progression of OC. The present study further determined a novel mechanism of TPX2 in OC via the AKT signaling pathway. The differentially expressed genes were screened in GEO database for gene expression microarray of OC. Bioinformatics was used to analyze the key differentially expressed genes in OC. We prepared CD133/1+ OC stem cells. Then cells were treated with TPX2-1 siRNA and perifcsine to explore the correlation of TPX2 and the AKT signaling pathway. We determined the expression of TPX2, AKT, Pl3 K, PTEN, caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2 in OC cells. Cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis rate were respectively measured using MTT and EdU assays, Transwell assay, Scratch test, and flow cytometry. Xenograft tumor in nude mice was used to determine the effect of TPX2 in OC cells in vitro. Initially, TPX2 overexpression was observed in OC, and TPX2 mediated the effect of the AKT signaling pathway in OC. TPX2 knockdown decreased expression of AKT, Pl3 K, and Bcl-2, and the extent of AKT phosphorylation, but increased expression of PTEN, Caspase-3, and Bax. Furthermore, TPX2 knockdown suppressed OC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, but promoted OC cell apoptosis. Taken together, TPX2 silencing negatively regulates the AKT signaling pathway by which OC cell proliferation was inhibited yet cell apoptosis was accelerated, suggesting a potential therapeutic approach to OC.
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Apoptosis , Proteínas de Ciclo Celular/metabolismo , Proliferación Celular , Proteínas Asociadas a Microtúbulos/metabolismo , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Neoplasias Ováricas/metabolismo , Transducción de Señal , Animales , Línea Celular Tumoral , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Neoplasias Ováricas/fisiopatología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-akt/metabolismo , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a heterogeneous endocrine disorder in women of reproductive age and is commonly complicated by adverse endometrial outcomes. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a class of non-protein-coding transcripts that are more than 200 nucleotides in length. Accumulating evidence indicates that lncRNAs are involved in the development of various human diseases. Among these lncRNAs, lncRNA CD36-005 (CD36-005) is indicated to be associated with the pathogenesis of PCOS. However, the mechanisms of action of CD36-005 have not yet been elucidated. METHODS: This study determined the CD36-005 expression level in the uteri of PCOS rat model and its effect on the proliferation activity of rat primary endometrial stromal cells. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and bioinformatics analysis were performed to detect the mRNA expression profiles and the biological pathways in which these differentially expressed mRNAs involved, after CD36-005 overexpression in the primary endometrial stromal cells. The differential expression of Hmgn5, Nr5a2, Dll4, Entpd1, Fam50a, and Brms1 were further validated by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: CD36-005 is highly expressed in the uteri of PCOS rat model and promotes the proliferation of rat primary endometrial stromal cells. A total of fifty-five mRNAs differentially expressed were identified in CD36-005 overexpressed stromal cells. Further analyses identified that these differentially expressed mRNAs participate in many biological processes and are associated with various human diseases. The results of qRT-PCR validation were consistent with the RNA-seq data. CONCLUSIONS: These data provide a list of potential target mRNA genes of CD36-005 in endometrial stromal cells and laid a foundation for further studies on the molecular function and mechanism of CD36-005 in the endometrium.
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Endometrio/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , ARN Mensajero/genética , Células del Estroma/metabolismo , Animales , Células Cultivadas , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Ontología de Genes , Humanos , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/genética , Interferencia de ARN , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
A heteroleptic bis(tributylphosphine) platinum(II)-alkynyl complex (Pt-1) showing broadband visible-light absorption was prepared. Two different visible-light-absorbing ligands, that is, ethynylated boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) and a functionalized naphthalene diimide (NDI) were used in the molecule. Two reference complexes, Pt-2 and Pt-3, which contain only the NDI or BODIPY ligand, respectively, were also prepared. The coordinated BODIPY ligand shows absorption at 503â nm and fluorescence at 516â nm, whereas the coordinated NDI ligand absorbs at 594â nm; the spectral overlap between the two ligands ensures intramolecular resonance energy transfer in Pt-1, with BODIPY as the singlet energy donor and NDI as the energy acceptor. The complex shows strong absorption in the region 450â nm-640â nm, with molar absorption coefficient up to 88 000 M(-1) cm(-1) . Long-lived triplet excited states lifetimes were observed for Pt-1-Pt-3 (36.9â µs, 28.3â µs, and 818.6â µs, respectively). Singlet and triplet energy transfer processes were studied by the fluorescence/phosphorescence excitation spectra, steady-state and time-resolved UV/Vis absorption and luminescence spectra, as well as nanosecond time-resolved transient difference absorption spectra. A triplet-state equilibrium was observed for Pt-1. The complexes were used as triplet photosensitizers for triplet-triplet annihilation upconversion, with upconversion quantum yields up to 18.4 % being observed for Pt-1.
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Alquinos/química , Compuestos de Boro/química , Imidas/química , Naftalenos/química , Compuestos Organoplatinos/química , Complejos de Coordinación/química , Ligandos , Modelos MolecularesRESUMEN
Squamous papilloma is a benign neoplasm that originates from the stratified squamous epithelium of the mucous membrane. Its principal etiological factor is human papillomavirus infection, with a predilection for manifesting within the oral cavity. Squamous papilloma predominantly affects regions on the palate, cheeks, lips and tongue. However, to the best of our knowledge, the occurrence of squamous papilloma within the confines of the mandible remains unreported hitherto. The present report documents a case of squamous papilloma involving the mandible who was managed at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (Guangzhou, China) in January 2023. The patient underwent a series of recurrent jaw inflammations, manifesting with malignant imaging characteristics. Subsequent pathological analysis confirmed a diagnosis of papilloma in the jaw. The present report highlights the pivotal role of prolonged inflammation in the genesis of jaw squamous papilloma, prompting avenues for further investigation, including the potential of inflammation to induce aberrant cell growth, mediate cell interactions, orchestrate cytokine actions and influence stress mediators. In addition, the current study posits a plausible connection between persistent inflammation, compromised epithelial integrity and an increased likelihood of head and neck papilloma, particularly concerning human papillomavirus infection. This article delineates the clinical attributes of the uncommon manifestations of jaw papilloma and delves into the associated mechanisms, thereby contributing to an enhanced comprehension of jaw disorders. This comprehensive insight equips clinicians with a heightened knowledge base for more precise diagnosis and treatment of analogous cases.
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BACKGROUND: Protein kinases are a type of transferase enzyme that catalyze the phosphorylation of protein substrates, including receptor proteins. Testis-specific serine/threonine kinases (TSSKs) are a highly conserved group of protein kinases found in various organisms. They play an essential role in male reproduction by influencing sperm development and function. RESULTS: In this study, we report on the characterization of BmTSSK3, a TSSK from the silkworm, Bombyx mori. We found that BmTSSK3 is specifically expressed in the testis and localized to the sperm flagella, particularly in the sperm tail cyst. Furthermore, we developed BmTSSK3 inhibitors through molecular docking and binding assays. Small molecules 5-(4-Fluorophenyl)-2-ureidothiophene-3-carboxamide (TPCA-1) and Imidurea were identified to bind to BmTSSK3. Using site-specific mutation technology, we identified amino acid residues R134 and S184 as crucial binding sites for small molecules. RNA interference assay and Western blot analysis showed that knockdown of BmTSSK3 significantly decreased histone 3 phosphorylation. To confirm the inhibitory effect of these small molecules, we treated silkworm testes with TPCA-1 and observed a strong inhibitory effect. CONCLUSION: TPCA-1 is an inhibitor of BmTSSK3, which raises its potential as a future candidate for male sterility of the silkworm. Thus, this study may offer a novel strategy for sterile silkworms as well as insects. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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OBJECTIVE: To investigate the screening diagnostic value of reflux symptom index (RSI) and reflux symptom score (RSS) for laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD). METHODS: Fifty-two patients hospitalized in the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at The Sixth Medical Center of PLA General Hospital between October 2022 and April 2023 were enrolled in the study. These patients completed the RSS, RSI scales, as well as underwent the multi-time point salivary pepsin test (MTPSPT). Cohen's kappa test and receiver operating characteristic analysis were utilized to assess and compare the diagnostic values of the RSI and RSS. RESULTS: A total of 52 patients, comprising 37 males and 15 females, with a mean age of 44 ± 12 years, were enrolled in the study. The Kappa values between RSS, RSI, and MTPSPT were found to be 0.403 (P < 0.05) and 0.192 (P < 0.05), respectively. When considering MTPSPT as the diagnostic criterion, the sensitivity and specificity of RSS were determined to be 76.70% and 76.90%, respectively, while those of RSI were 41.10% and 42.30%. Additionally, the negative predictive values for RSS and RSI stood at 77.70% and 64.70%, respectively, and their positive predictive values were 94.20% and 57.10%. Furthermore, the area under the curves (AUC) for RSS and RSI were calculated to be 0.677 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.464-0.742) and 0.609 (95% CI: 0.533-0.800), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: RSS had a better concordance with multi-time point salivary pepsin test results and AUC values when screening for LPRD.
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Plant glycoside hydrolase family 9 genes (GH9s) are widely distributed in plants and involved in a variety of cellular and physiological processes. In the current study, nine GH9 genes were identified in the mulberry and were divided into two subfamilies based on the phylogenetic analysis. Conserved motifs and gene structure analysis suggested that the evolution of the two subfamilies is relatively conserved and the glycoside hydrolase domain almost occupy the entire coding region of the GH9s gene. Only segmental duplication has played a role in the expansion of gene family. Collinearity analysis showed that mulberry GH9s had the closest relationship with poplar GH9s. MaGH9B1, MaGH9B6, MaGH9B5, and MaGH9B3 were detected to have transcript accumulation in the stalk of easy-to drop mature fruit drop, suggesting that these could play a role in mulberry fruit drop. Multiple cis-acting elements related to plant hormones and abiotic stress responses were found in the mulberry GH9 promoter regions and showed different activities under exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) and 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) stresses. We found that the lignin content in the fruit stalk decreased with the formation of the abscission zone (AZ), which could indirectly reflect the formation process of the AZ. These results provide a theoretical basis for further research on the role of GH9s in mulberry abscission.