Emotional Abilities in Children with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD): Impairments in Perspective-Taking and Understanding Mixed Emotions are Associated with High Callous-Unemotional Traits.

Most studies of emotion abilities in disruptive children focus on emotion expression recognition. This study compared 74 children aged 4-8 years with ODD to 45 comparison children (33 healthy; 12 with an anxiety disorder) on behaviourally assessed measures of emotion perception, emotion perspective-taking, knowledge of emotions causes and understanding ambivalent emotions and on parent-reported cognitive and affective empathy. Adjusting for child's sex, age and expressive language ODD children showed a paucity in attributing causes to emotions but no other deficits relative to the comparison groups. ODD boys with high levels of callous-unemotional traits (CU) (n = 22) showed deficits relative to low CU ODD boys (n = 25) in emotion perspective-taking and in understanding ambivalent emotions. Low CU ODD boys did not differ from the healthy typically developing boys (n = 12). Impairments in emotion perceptive-taking and understanding mixed emotions in ODD boys are associated with the presence of a high level of CU.

Predictors of relapse in Filipino male methamphetamine users: a mixed methods approach.

Using a simultaneous mixed methods design, this article studies the relapse predictors of Filipino methamphetamine abusers. Results of the quantitative study, with 32 relapsed and 19 abstaining individuals, indicate that self-efficacy, negative affect, motivation, coping, and craving were found to predict relapse and functional social support did not. In-depth interviews with 11 relapse and 10 abstaining individuals supported the quantitative study. Although the results mirror existing literature, the issue of social support was given emphasis in the discussion. Implications for treatment, limitations, and recommendations for future study are also discussed.