Assessment of artificial intelligence model and manual morphokinetic annotation system as embryo grading methods for successful live birth prediction: a retrospective monocentric study.

PURPOSE: The introduction of the time-lapse monitoring system (TMS) and the development of predictive algorithms could contribute to the optimal embryos selection for transfer. Therefore, the present study aims at investigating the efficiency of KIDScore and iDAScore systems for blastocyst stage embryos in predicting live birth events. METHODS: The present retrospective study was conducted in a private IVF Unit setting throughout a 10-month period from October 2021 to July 2022, and included the analysis of 429 embryos deriving from 91 IVF/ICSI cycles conducted due to infertility of various etiologies. Embryos incubated at the Embryoscope+ timelapse incubator were analyzed through the established scoring systems: KIDScore and iDAScore®. The main outcome measure was the comparison of the two scoring systems in terms of live birth prediction. Embryos with the higher scores at day 5 (KID5 score/iDA5 score) were transferred or cryopreserved for later use. RESULTS: Embryos with high KID5 and iDA5 scores positively correlated with the probability of successful live birth, with KID5 score yielding a higher efficiency in predicting a successful reproductive outcome compared to a proportionally high iDA5 score. KID5 demonstrated conservative performance in successfully predicting live birth compared to iDA5 score, indicating that an efficient prediction can be either provided by a relatively lower KID5 score or a relatively higher iDA5 score. CONCLUSION: The developed artificial intelligence tools should be implemented in clinical practice in conjunction with the conventional morphological assessment for the conduction of optimized embryo transfer in terms of a successful live birth.

Proteomics in the study of female fertility: an update.

INTRODUCTION: Female fertility has been a field of interest for the scientific community throughout the years. The contribution of proteomics in the study of female fertility as well as female infertility and in vitro fertilization (IVF) has been significant. Proteomics is a recently developed field, extensively applied to the identification and quantification of proteins, which could be used as potential biomarkers in a diagnostic, prognostic, or predictive manner in a variety of medical conditions. AREAS COVERED: The present review focuses on proteomic studies of the oocyte and endometrial environment as well as on conditions related to infertility, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, endometriosis, obesity, and unexplained infertility. Moreover, this review presents studies that have been done in an effort to search for fertility biomarkers in individuals following the IVF procedure. EXPERT OPINION: The comprehension of the molecular pathways behind female fertility and infertility could contribute to the diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of infertility. Moreover, the identification of proteomic biomarkers for IVF cycles could predict the possible outcome of an IVF cycle, prevent an unsuccessful IVF, and monitor the IVF cycle in a personalized manner, leading to increased success rates. [Figure: see text].

Thoracic epidural analgesia as part of an enhanced recovery program in gynecologic oncology: a prospective cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the safety and the effectiveness of thoracic epidural analgesia as part of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) multimodal analgesic protocol in patients with gynecologic oncology who have undergone laparotomy for suspected or confirmed malignancy. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study, following an enhanced recovery after surgery pathway, among patients who had undergone laparotomy for confirmed or suspected gynecological malignancy between January 2020 and September 2021. All patients who underwent laparotomy at the gynecologic oncology department for the aforementioned reason during that time were considered eligible. Patients (n=217) were divided into two groups: epidural (n=118) and non-epidural (n=99) group. Both groups were treated with the standard ERAS departmental analgesic protocol. The primary outcomes were length of hospital stay, complications, and readmission rates. RESULTS: Data from 217 patients (epidural group, n=118 vs non-epidural group, n=99) with median age of 61 years (IQR 53-68) were analyzed. The most common type of cancer was of ovarian origin (85/217, 39.2%, p=0.055) and median (Aletti) surgical complexity score was 3 (p=0.42). No differences were observed in the patients' demographics, clinical, and surgical characteristics. Primarily, median length of stay was 4 days in both groups with statistically significant lower IQR in the epidural group (3-5 vs 4-5, p=0.021). Complication rates were more common in the non-epidural group (38/99, 38.3% vs 36/118, 30.5%, p<0.001) with similar rates of grade III (p=0.51) and IV (0%) complications and readmission rates (p=0.51) between the two groups. Secondarily, the epidural group showed lower pain scores (p<0.001) on the day of surgery and in the first post-operative day (p<0.001), higher mobilization rates on the day of surgery (94.1% vs 57.6%, p<0.001), faster removal of urinary catheter (p<0.001), shorter time to flatus (p<0.001), and less nausea on the day of surgery (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: In this study we showed that thoracic epidural analgesia, when used as part of an ERAS protocol, is safe and offers more favorable pain relief along with a number of additional benefits, improving the peri-operative experience of patients with gynecologic cancer.

PDE5 inhibitors and male reproduction: Is there a place for PDE5 inhibitors in infertility clinics or andrology laboratories?

The objective of this review study is to evaluate the therapeutic role of PDE5 inhibitors (PDE5is) in the amelioration of oligoasthenospermia in infertile males. PDE5is have a beneficial influence on the secretory function of the Leydig and Sertoli cells, the biochemical environment within the seminiferous tubule, the contractility of the testicular tunica albuginea, and the prostatic secretory function. In several studies, the overall effect of sildenafil and vardenafil increased quantitative and qualitative sperm motility. Furthermore, some studies indicate that PDE5is influence positively the sperm capacity to undergo capacitation under biochemical conditions that are known to induce the sperm capacitation process. Additional research efforts are necessary in order to recommend unequivocally the usage of sildenafil, vardenafil, or avanafil for the alleviation of male infertility.

The Relevance of Notch Signaling in Cancer Progression.

The Notch signaling pathway controls normal embryonic development and tissue homeostasis of many cell types. It regulates cell proliferation, fate, differentiation, and cell death by short-range signaling between nearby cells that come in contact. The Notch pathway has also been critically involved in the pathobiology of a variety of malignancies, regulating cancer initiation and development, as well as early stages of cancer progression, by adjusting conserved cellular programs. Fibroblasts, an essential for tumor growth component of stroma, have also been affected by Notch regulation. Sequencing Notch gene mutations have been identified in a number of human tumors, revealing information on the progression of specific cancer types, such as ovarian cancer and melanoma, immune-associated tumors such as myeloid neoplasms, but especially in lymphocytic leukemia. Activation of the Notch can be either oncogenic or it may contain growth-suppressive functions, acting as a tumor suppressor in other hematopoietic cells, hepatocytes, skin, and pancreatic epithelium.

Mechanical bowel preparation before gynecologic laparoscopic procedures: Is it time to abandon this practice?

AIM: To examine the influence of mechanical bowel preparation on surgical field visualization and patients' quality of life during benign gynecologic laparoscopic procedures. METHODS: A single blind, randomized, controlled trial was undertaken with laparoscopic gynecologic surgical patients to one of the following three groups: liquid diet on the preoperative day; mechanical bowel preparation with oral polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution; minimal residue diet for 3 days. Primary outcomes included assessment of the condition of small and large bowel and the overall quality of the surgical field. Additional measures included assessment of patients' preoperative symptoms, tolerance of the preparation method and compliance to the protocol, postoperative symptoms and bowel function. RESULTS: One hundred forty-four patients were randomized as follows: 49 to liquid diet, 47 to mechanical bowel preparation, and 48 to minimal residue diet. Most characteristics were similar across groups. The intraoperative surgical view and the condition of large and small bowel were equal or inferior at the patients who received mechanical bowel preparation compared with the other groups. The 4-point Likert scale scoring for small bowel (2.51 vs. 2.72 vs. 2.81, p = 0.04), large bowel (2.26 vs. 2.38 vs. 2.48, p = 0.32) and overall operative field quality (2.34 vs. 2.67 vs. 2.67, p = 0.03) demonstrated no advantage from the use of preoperative mechanical bowel preparation over liquid diet and minimal residue diet, respectively. Preoperative discomfort was significantly greater in the mechanical bowel preparation group. CONCLUSION: Mechanical bowel preparation before gynecologic laparoscopic operations for benign pathology could be safely abandoned. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: ISRCTN registry, https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN59502124 (No 59502124).

Meta-analysis of GnRH-antagonists versus GnRH-agonists in poor responder protocols.

PURPOSE: Considering the insufficient evidence supporting an ideal protocol for poor responder management in IVF/ICSI cycles, the aim of the current meta-analysis was to compare GnRH-antagonist versus GnRH-agonist protocols in poor responders, evaluating effectiveness and safety. METHODS: Meta-analysis was conducted using Medcalc 16.8 version software. Standardized mean differences (SMD), odds ratios (OR), and the respective 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined appropriately. The Cochran Q statistic and the I2 test were used to assess studies' heterogeneity. RESULTS: GnRH-agonists were shown to correlate with fewer cancelled IVF/ICSI cycles (p = 0.044, OR = 1.268 > 1, 95% CI 1.007, 1.598), a larger number of embryos transferred (p = 0.008, SMD = - 0.230, 95% CI - 0.400, - 0.0599), and more clinical pregnancies (p = 0.018, OR = 0.748 < 1, 95% CI 0.588, 0.952). However, GnRH-antagonists resulted in a significantly shorter duration of ovarian stimulation (p = 0.007, SMD = - 0.426. 95% CI - 0.736, - 0.115). The number of oocytes and mature oocytes retrieved in both protocols did not differ statistically (p = 0.216, SMD = - 0.130, 95% CI - 0.337, 0.0763 and p = 0.807, SMD = - 0.0203, 95% CI - 0.183, 0.142, respectively). Moreover, a high heterogeneity among studies was observed regarding duration of ovarian stimulation (I2 = 90.6%), number of oocytes (I2 = 82.83%)/mature oocytes retrieved (I2 = 70.39%), and embryos transferred (I2 = 72.83%). CONCLUSIONS: Based on the present meta-analysis, agonist protocols could be suggested as a first choice approach, in terms of effectiveness. Due to the high studies' heterogeneity, results should be considered with caution. Accordingly, larger cohort studies and meta-analyses like the present one will enhance the robustness of the emerging results to identify the ideal protocol for poor responders.

Comparative efficacy and safety of oral antihypertensive agents in pregnant women with chronic hypertension: a network metaanalysis.

OBJECTIVE DATA: Chronic hypertension is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes, although the optimal treatment is unclear. The aim of this network metaanalysis was to simultaneously compare the efficacy and safety of antihypertensive agents in pregnant women with chronic hypertension. STUDY: Medline, Scopus, CENTRAL, Web of Science, Clinicaltrials.gov, and Google Scholar databases were searched systematically from inception to December 15, 2019. Both randomized controlled trials and cohort studies were held eligible if they reported the effects of antihypertensive agents on perinatal outcomes among women with chronic hypertension. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The primary outcomes were preeclampsia and small-for-gestational-age risk. A frequentist network metaanalytic random-effects model was fitted. The main analysis was based on randomized controlled trials. The credibility of evidence was assessed by taking into account within-study bias, across-studies bias, indirectness, imprecision, heterogeneity, and incoherence. RESULTS: Twenty-two studies (14 randomized controlled trials and 8 cohorts) were included, comprising 4464 women. Pooling of randomized controlled trials indicated that no agent significantly affected the incidence of preeclampsia. Atenolol was associated with significantly higher risk of small-for-gestational age compared with placebo (odds ratio, 26.00; 95% confidence interval, 2.61-259.29) and is ranked as the worst treatment (P-score=.98). The incidence of severe hypertension was significantly lower when nifedipine (odds ratio, 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.14-0.55), methyldopa (odds ratio, 0.31; 95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.56), ketanserin (odds ratio, 0.29; 95% confidence interval, 0.09-0.90), and pindolol (odds ratio, 0.17; 95% confidence interval, 0.05-0.55) were administered compared with no drug intake. The highest probability scores were calculated for furosemide (P-score=.86), amlodipine (P-score=.82), and placebo (P-score=.82). The use of nifedipine and methyldopa were associated with significantly lower placental abruption rates (odds ratio, 0.29 [95% confidence interval, 0.15-0.58] and 0.23 [95% confidence interval, 0.11-0.46], respectively). No significant differences were estimated for cesarean delivery, perinatal death, preterm birth, and gestational age at delivery. CONCLUSION: Atenolol was associated with a significantly increased risk for small-for-gestational-age infants. The incidence of severe hypertension was significantly lower when nifedipine and methyldopa were administered, although preeclampsia risk was similar among antihypertensive agents. Future large-scale trials should provide guidance about the choice of antihypertensive treatment and the goal blood pressure during pregnancy.

Stillbirth in Greece during the years of economic crisis: a population-based study.

The recent economic crisis has been linked with declines in population health. Evidence on the impact of the crisis on stillbirth rates is scarce. The aim of this study was to assess trends of stillbirth rates in Greece during the pre-crisis (2004-2008) and crisis period (2009-2015) and explore risk factors. Nationwide data (n = 1,276,816 births; 5023 stillbirths) were used to assess rates and trends through Poisson and joinpoint regressions. Multivariable Poisson regressions by nationality were fitted. The overall annual stillbirth rate was 3.9/1000 births with higher rates among non-Greeks (5.0/1000) than Greeks (3.7/1000). Non-significant decreasing trends were noted for Greeks (- 0.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI] - 1.4, 0.4%) versus non-significant increasing trends in non-Greeks (1.4%, 95% CI - 0.5, 3.3%). After adjusting for possible confounders, the relative stillbirth risk (RR) increased during the crisis versus the pre-crisis period (RRGreeks 1.61, 95% CI 1.50, 1.74; RRnon-Greeks 1.92, 95% CI 1.64, 2.26). Multiplicity, birth order, birth size, maternal education, marital status, and parental age were risk factors.Conclusions: Bidirectional stillbirth trends were observed among Greeks and non-Greeks, whereas the RR increased by 2-fold during the crisis. Persisting disparities require tailored employment of preventive measures ensuring optimal quality of the child's and maternal health.What is Known:• Stillbirth rate is a key population health indicator reflecting economic development and health care services within a population.• The recent economic crisis has been linked with declines in population health.What is New:• Economic crisis, ethnic minorities, and several modifiable factors seem to be significant determinants of stillbirth risk.

Presence of amniotic fluid sludge and pregnancy outcomes: A systematic review.

INTRODUCTION: Several studies acknowledge that the presence of amniotic fluid sludge (AFS) is an independent predictive factor for preterm birth. In the present systematic review, we summarize research that focuses on the comparison of pregnancy outcomes among women with and without AFS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Medline, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar databases were systematically searched from inception. Both observational and randomized controlled studies were considered eligible provided that they reported data on pregnancy outcomes among women with and without AFS. Outcomes were not meta-analyzed because of the high heterogeneity in terms of selected population and outcome reporting. RESULTS: Seventeen studies of 2432 women were included in this review. Six studies evaluated women at high risk for preterm birth. Pregnancies complicated by AFS had a lower gestational age at delivery and increased incidence of preterm delivery at <37 weeks. Neonatal death rates and admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit were also increased. Evidence in low-risk women, those with signs of preterm labor, in those carrying twins, and in women with cervical cerclage or Arabin pessary was extremely limited. CONCLUSIONS: Women with AFS seem to deliver at an earlier gestational age, and preterm birth rates are also increased. Limited data seem to point to neonatal morbidity and mortality being increased. However, the presence of a direct association should not be assumed because the evidence is not adjusted for the presence of confounders.

Misoprostol vs vasopressin as a single hemostatic agent in laparoscopic myomectomy: Comparable, or just better than nothing?

AIM: Laparoscopic myomectomy may be associated with considerable blood loss, especially in patients in whom no specific hemostatic measures are used. We conducted this retrospective comparative study to investigate whether misoprosol is an effective and safe alternative to vasopressin when used as single hemostatic agent in laparoscopic myomectomy. METHODS: Two hundred cases undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy (-ies), were included. Of these, 50 pre-treated with vaginal misoprostol 400mcg 1 h before surgery (group 1), were compared with two historic consecutive groups: 100 patients treated with intraoperative intra-myometrial injection of dilute vasopressin (20 IU/100 mL normal saline) (group 2), and 50 treated without use of any hemostatic agent (group3). RESULTS: Mean procedure length did not differ significantly between the three groups (127.9 vs 100.6 vs 130.8 min). Mean estimated blood loss (EBL) was 179.7 ± 200.0 mL in group 1, compared with 147.8 ± 171.8 mL in group 2 (P = 0.793) and 321.8 ± 246.0 mL in group 3, respectively (P < 0.001). EBL was lower in group 2 in most of the study's subgroups of patients stratified according to size and number of fibroids compared with group 1, with the exception of patients with ≥4 fibroids, and ≥7 cm in size. In these subgroups, misoprostol appeared more effective. Neither agent was associated with serious adverse events. CONCLUSION: Vaginal misoprostol can be effective in reducing blood loss during laparoscopic myomectomy. Although rates of EBL are, in general, higher compared with those obtained with vasopressin, they are significantly reduced compared with those observed when no hemostatic agent is used. In extended procedures, vaginal misoprostol, due to its prolonged uterotonic action, may be associated with reduced blood loss compared with vasopressin.

Intravaginal energy-based devices and sexual health of female cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

A systematic review and meta-analysis was undertaken to assess the efficacy and safety of intravaginal energy-based therapies (laser and radiofrequency) on sexual health of cancer survivors (CS) (breast cancer (BCS) and/or gynecological cancer (GCS)). PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched until 21/02/2019. Quality of reporting, methodology, and body of evidence were assessed using STROBE, MINORS, and GRADE. Primary outcomes were dyspareunia, dryness, and sexual health (FSFI, FSDS-R). Secondary outcomes were burning, itching, dysuria, incontinence, Vaginal Health Index Score (VHIS), microbiome-cytokine evaluation, and adverse events. Main analyses, subgroup analyses, and sensitivity analyses were performed. Eight observational studies (n = 274) were eligible for inclusion. None of the studies evaluated radiofrequency. BCS and BCS-GCS were included in 87% and 13% of studies, respectively. All primary outcomes improved significantly with the exception of FSDS-R (dyspareunia (5 studies (n = 233), standardized mean difference (StdMD) (- 1.17), 95%CI [- 1.59, - 0.75]; p < 0.001; I2 = 55%), vaginal dryness (4 studies (n = 183), StdMD (- 1.98), 95%CI [- 3.31, - 0.65]; p = 0.003; I2 = 91%), FSFI (2 studies, n = 28, MD (12.79), 95%CI [7.69, 17.89]; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%). Itching, dysuria, and VHIS increased significantly, while burning was not improved. Serious adverse events were not observed by any of the studies. Intravaginal laser therapies appear to have a positive effect on dyspareunia, vaginal dryness, and FSFI of CS. However, the quality of evidence is "very low," with no data on intravaginal radiofrequency therapy. Further research with high-quality RCTs and long-term follow-up is needed to evaluate the value of energy-based devices as a therapeutic option for CS with sexual problems.

Progestogens for the prevention of preterm birth and risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Several articles have implied that progestogen supplementation during pregnancy to reduce the risk of preterm birth may increase the risk for developing gestational diabetes mellitus. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present meta-analysis was to accumulate existing evidence concerning this correlation. DATA SOURCES: We searched Medline (1966-2019), Scopus (2004-2019), Clinicaltrials.gov (2008-2019), EMBASE (1980-2019), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials CENTRAL (1999-2019), and Google Scholar (2004-2019) databases. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Randomized trials and observational studies were considered eligible for inclusion in the present meta-analysis. To minimize the possibility of article losses, we avoided language, country, and date restrictions. STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS: The methodological quality of included studies was evaluated with the Cochrane risk of bias and the Risk Of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies of Interventions (ROBINS-I) tool. Meta-analysis was performed with the RevMan 5.3 and secondary analysis with the Open Meta-Analyst software. Trial sequential analysis was conducted with the trial sequential analysis program. RESULTS: Overall, 11 studies were included in the present meta-analysis that recruited 8085 women. The meta-analysis revealed that women who received 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate had increased the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (risk ratio, 1.73, 95% confidence interval, 1.32-2.28), whereas women who received vaginal progesterone had a decreased risk, although the effect did not reach statistical significance because of the unstable estimate of confidence intervals (risk ratio, 0.82, 95% confidence interval, 0.50-1.12). Meta-regression analysis indicated that neither the methodological rationale for investigating the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (incidence investigated as primary or secondary outcome) (coefficient of covariance, -0.36, 95% confidence interval, -0.85 to 0.13, P = .154) nor the type of investigated study (randomized controlled trial/observational) (coefficient of covariance -0.361, 95% confidence interval, -1.049 to 0.327, P = .304) significantly altered the results of the primary analysis. Trial sequential analysis suggested that the meta-analysis concerning the correlation of 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate was of adequate power to reach firm conclusions, whereas this was not confirmed in the case of vaginal progesterone. CONCLUSION: The results of the present meta-analysis clearly indicate that women who receive supplemental 17-alpha hydroxyprogesterone caproate for the prevention of preterm birth have an increased risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus. On the other hand, evidence concerning women treated with vaginal progesterone remains inconclusive.

Severe pelvic organ prolapse. Is there a long-term cure?

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Vaginally assisted laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy (VALS) is a combined vaginal and laparoscopic surgical approach that has been described for the treatment of women with a uterus who suffer from severe multicompartmental pelvic organ prolapse (POP). The aim of this study is to evaluate the long-term anatomical and functional outcomes and report the long-term mesh-related complications. METHODS: This was a single-center prospective study of women with advanced POP who underwent VALS with at least 3 years of follow-up. The primary outcome was "composite surgical success" defined as: (1) no descent of the vaginal apex (point C) more than one-third into the vaginal canal and no anterior or posterior vaginal wall beyond the hymen (Ba and Bp < 0) (anatomical success), (2) no vaginal bulge symptoms and (3) no re-treatment for prolapse recurrence. RESULTS: The median follow-up was 7 years (range 3-10 years) with a composite surgical success rate of 95.7% (90/94). Failures (4.3%) included one (1.1%) case of anatomical recurrence (Bp: +1), one woman (1.1%) reporting vaginal bulge symptoms and two women (2.1%) who underwent a posterior colporrhaphy 6 and 12 months after primary surgery (reoperation rate: 2.1%). Two of 94 patients (2.1%) had been treated for mesh extrusion of the vaginal cuff prior to the follow-up visit. CONCLUSIONS: The combined VALS technique can be considered a safe and effective procedure for the treatment of severe POP allowing a long-term anatomical restoration of all compartments with excellent functional outcomes.

Impact of vertical versus horizontal vaginal cuff closure on vaginal length following hysterectomy: a meta-analysis of randomized trials.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Posthysterectomy vaginal length has been previously associated with postoperative sexual dysfunction, but evidence for this in the literature is controversial. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to investigate whether vertical or horizontal closure of the vaginal cuff has a direct effect on posthysterectomy vaginal length and on postoperative sexual dysfunction. METHODS: The study was conducted using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. We searched Medline, Scopus, Clinicaltrials.gov , EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar databases. RESULTS: Overall, five randomized trials were included in this meta-analysis with 223 patients. The results suggest that horizontal closure of the vaginal cuff results in a shorter vaginal length compared with vertical closure [mean difference (MD) -0.77 cm, 95% confidence interval (CI) -1.12 to -0.43]. Mean vaginal length significantly decreased when the horizontal method was used (MD -0.61 cm, 95% CI -0.97 to -0.24). The subgroup analysis revealed that vertical closure was associated with longer vaginal length only in cases treated with vaginal hysterectomy. Trial sequential analysis revealed that our meta-analysis had adequate power to support these results. Postoperative sexual function was evaluated in only one study; no differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Findings of our meta-analysis suggest that horizontal closure of the vaginal vault results in shorter vaginal length in vaginal hysterectomies; thus, we suggest that this technique be avoided. Data concerning quality of life of patients and specifically sexual dysfunction remain extremely limited and should be studied in future trials.

Serum CA-125 levels in preeclampsia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Preeclampsia is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity, although an optimal screening model is still under investigation. The aim of the present meta-analysis is to accumulate current evidence and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of CA-125 in preeclampsia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Medline, Scopus, CENTRAL, Clinicaltrials.gov and Google Scholar were systematically searched. All studies reporting serum CA-125 among preeclamptic and healthy pregnant women were selected. RESULTS: Nine studies involving 977 women were included. Meta-analysis revealed significant differences among patients with preeclampsia and control pregnant women (MD 15.86 IU/mL, 95% CI, 9.03-22.69). Patients with severe preeclampsia had significantly higher levels of CA-125 compared to patients with mild preeclampsia (MD 13.21 IU/mL, 95% CI, 1.94-24.49). Meta-regression analysis revealed that gestational age <34 weeks could positively affect this association. CONCLUSIONS: The present meta-analysis suggests that serum CA-125 levels are increased in preeclamptic women during the third trimester of pregnancy. This association should be interpreted with caution as there are concerns for significant selection bias. Future studies are needed to corroborate these findings and investigate the diagnostic accuracy of this biomarker during early pregnancy.

Vasopressin during Laparoscopic Myomectomy: Does It Really Extend Its Limits?

STUDY OBJECTIVE: Τo investigate whether the use of vasopressin played an important role in the safe expansion of the indications of laparoscopic myomectomy in our practice. DESIGN: A retrospective comparison of prospectively collected data (Canadian Task Force classification II2). SETTING: A gynecologic endoscopy unit in a tertiary university hospital. PATIENTS: One hundred fifty patients undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy; 50 were treated without the use of any vasoconstrictive agent (group 1), and 100 were treated with intraoperative intramyometrial injection of dilute vasopressin (20 IU/100 mL normal saline) (group 2). INTERVENTIONS: Laparoscopic myomectomy. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: We compared the 2 groups in terms of size, number, and type of myomas; estimated blood loss (EBL); procedure length; transfusion rates; laparoconversion rates; and rates of complications. Two cases in group 1 (4%) were laparoconverted versus none (0%) in group 2. Overall, the mean EBL was 321.8 ± 246.0 mL in group 1 compared with 147.8 ± 171.8 mL in group 2, respectively (p <.001). Additionally, EBL was significantly lower in the vasopressin group in all of the study's subgroups of patients stratified according to the size and number of myomas. Procedure length did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (130.8 ± 49.5 vs 115.6 ± 49.4 minutes, p = .078). The risk factors for prolongation of the procedure included size and number of myomas independently of vasopressin. The rates of hypercapnea and subcutaneous emphysema were higher in group 1. The risk factors for hypercapnea and subcutaneous emphysema included the size and intramural position of the largest myoma. Vasopressin was not associated with serious cardiovascular adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: Vasopressin is effective in reducing blood loss during laparoscopic myomectomy. Although experienced surgeons may achieve comparable operation times without vasopressin, even in the most challenging cases, blood loss may still be considerable. The occurrence of hypercapnea is higher in untreated cases and may contribute to laparoconversion.

PCSK9 and Lp(a) levels of children born after assisted reproduction technologies.

PURPOSE: Proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) and lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]) levels are associated with cardiovascular risk. To investigate PCSK9 and Lp(a) levels of children born after assisted reproduction technologies (ART) compared with naturally conceived (NC) controls. METHODS: In this exposure-matched cohort study, 73 racial-, sex-, and age-matched children (mean age 98 ± 35 months) of ART (intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI] n = 33, classic in vitro fertilization [IVF] n = 40) and 73 NC children were assessed. Blood lipid profile, including PCSK9 and Lp(a) levels, was measured. Children were grouped according to age (< 8 years, 8-10 years, ≥ 10 years). RESULTS: In the overall population, PCSK9 levels were related to total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and systolic blood pressure, while Lp(a) levels were related to age, apolipoprotein-B, birth weight, height, waist-to-hip ratio, insulin resistance, insulin, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. No significant differences were observed regarding lipid biomarkers between ART and NC children. However, a significant interaction was found between age groups and conception method (p < 0.001) showing that PCSK9 levels increase with age in ART children, while they decline with age in NC offspring. IVF children showed higher levels of adjusted mean Lp(a) than ICSI (13.5 vs. 6.8 mg/dl, p = 0.010) and NC children (12.3 vs. 8.3 mg/dl, p = 0.048). CONCLUSIONS: We show that PCSK9 levels increase with age in ART children, indicating a gradual deterioration of lipidemic profile that could lead to increased cardiovascular risk. Moreover, our results indicate that ART method may be of importance given that classic IVF is associated with higher levels of Lp(a).

Abdominal Radical Trachelectomy for Early-Stage Cervical Cancer During Pregnancy: A Provocative Surgical Approach. Overview of the Literature and a Single-Institute Experience.

OBJECTIVE: Treatment of pregnancy complication due to malignancy of the cervix constitutes a great clinical challenge between optimal maternal therapy and fetal viability. Radical trachelectomy in early-stage cervical cancer during pregnancy instead of radical hysterectomy presents an alternative approach that can offer a satisfactory outcome for the mother and fetus. MATERIALS AND METHODS-RESULTS: A literature search of articles in English has been performed. Until now, 28 women with cervical cancer, including 2 who were managed and treated in our institute, who underwent a radical trachelectomy during pregnancy have been reported. We overviewed a total of 13 abdominal trachelectomies, 13 vaginal trachelectomies, and 2 laparoscopic trachelectomies. CONCLUSIONS: Radical trachelectomy can widen the therapeutic approach of early-stage cervical cancer in pregnant women who wish to preserve their pregnancy, providing a possibility of receiving the proper treatment with no delay.

Delayed interval delivery of the second twin in a woman with altered markers of inflammation.

BACKGROUND: Delayed interval intertwin delivery rates are expected to rise during the next years as potent and targeted tocolytic agents are employed and antenatal surveillance methods become more sophisticated and specific in predicting the critical delivery timepoint of optimal perinatal outcome. CASE PRESENTATION: We present a case of delayed intertwin delivery after delivery of the first twin due to premature prelabor rupture of the membranes. Maternal serum White Blood Cells and C-Reactive Protein levels remained high until delivery of the second twin (34 days after the first was delivered), although maternal temperature remained constant. The mother underwent close antenatal surveillance and she was hospitalized. She had an uncomplicated delivery of the second twin at 29+ 2 weeks by cesarean section due to an abnormal Non-Stress Test. CONCLUSION: We strongly suggest future evaluation of maternal serum inflammatory markers among these rare cases as these could predict intraamniotic infection.