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PURPOSE: This study aims to assess the functional outcomes based on restoring the anterior compartment after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). METHODS: This retrospective study included 96 primary TKAs performed between 2021 and 2022. Functional positioning principles were applied using an image-based robotic-assisted system. The mean age was 69.2 ± 7.9 years. Knee Society Score (KSS), Kujala score, Forgotten Joint Score (FJS) and knee flexion were collected preoperatively and at 1 year. The depth difference between native and prosthetic trochlea was measured to assess anterior compartment restoration at full extension, 30°, 70° and 90° flexion. The global anterior compartment restoration combined the anterior compartment restoration and the patellar thickness restoration. RESULTS: The trochlear offset was mostly understuffed after TKA compared to the native anatomy, mainly for medial and lateral condyles at 30° and 70° of flexion. The global anterior compartment restoration was understuffed in full extension (-0.7 mm ± 2), at 30° (-4.4 mm ± 2) and 70° of flexion (-3.6 mm ± 2.5). At 90°, the global anterior compartment restoration was overstuffed (2.2 mm ± 1.8). Functional scores were not significantly influenced by the anterior compartment stuffing at 0° and 30° (n.s.). The anterior compartment overstuffing at 70° and 90° was associated with decreased KSS function score (p = 0.009) and flexion (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Moderate anterior understuffing was frequently observed after TKA performed with functional positioning and an image-based robotic-assisted system. This understuffing did not influence the functional outcomes. The overstuffing of the anterior compartment led to a reduction in KSS function score and flexion measurements at 1 year. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, retrospective cohort study.
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PURPOSE: The impact of gender on the outcomes of unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) remains a topic of active discussion with limited exploration thus far. The study aims to elucidate the gender effect on clinical outcomes, complications, pre- and postoperative radiological outcomes following the implantation of a medial UKA at mid-term follow-up in a large section of patients. METHODS: This was a single-centre, retrospective cohort study encompassing patients undergoing medial UKA between 2011 and 2019. The International Knee Society (IKS) Knee and Function score, patient satisfaction, complications, revisions, pre- and postoperative radiological outcomes (coronal plane alignment, femoral and tibial component positioning, posterior tibial slope) were evaluated. Survival rate at the time of the last follow-up was also recorded. RESULTS: Of the 366 knees that met the inclusion criteria, 10 were lost to follow-up, accounting for a 2.7% loss. Mean follow-up was 5.2 ± 2 years [2.1-11.3]. Out of the total population, 205 patients were females (57.6%, 205/356) and 151 were males (42.4%, 151/356). Men exhibited superior pre- and postoperative IKS function scores (p = 0.017). However, no significant differences were observed between women and men regarding improvements of IKS Knee and Function scores, radiographic outcomes and implant survivorship. CONCLUSION: At a mean follow-up of 5 years, this study revealed no significant impact of gender on clinical outcomes and complications in patients undergoing medial UKA. Furthermore, no significant differences were evident in radiographic outcomes, implant positioning and knee phenotype. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.
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PURPOSE: This study aimed (1) to determine complications and survival rates of lateral opening wedge distal femoral osteotomy (LOW-DFO) in the long term, (2) to assess their clinical outcomes in the long term and (3) to identify risk factors of failure. METHODS: Between 1991 and 2011, 62 LOW-DFOs were performed in the same department. Inclusion criteria were all isolated LOW-DFO performed for isolated lateral tibiofemoral osteoarthritis and valgus malalignment, with a minimum 10-year follow-up. Thirty-eight patients were included, with a mean age of 48 ± 9 years. All patients had clinical and radiological assessments. The survival curves were calculated based on the following endpoints: unicompartmental or total knee arthroplasty. RESULTS: The mean follow-up was 15.2 ± 4.4 [10-29] years. The mean preoperative mechanical FemoroTibial Axis (mFTA) was 188.8° ± 3.2° [184°-197°], primarily due to femur deformity (mean lateral distal femoral axis [LDFA] 83.2° ± 2.8°). Bone union was achieved in 89.5% of patients (n = 34) at a mean delay of 6.5 ± 6.7 months. The complication rate was 26% (five stiffness, one nonunion, three secondary displacements and one deep vein thrombosis). Nine revision surgeries (24%) were recorded. Survival rates at 5 and 10 years were 92.1% and 78.9%, respectively. The mean delay between DFO and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) was 11.6 ± 5.7 [1-27] years. Nineteen patients (50%) were free of TKA at the last follow-up. KSS scores were improved significantly. Return to sports was obtained in 92% of cases (n = 35), with a mean delay of 11 ± 8 months. Seventy-four per cent of patients were satisfied or very satisfied with the surgery. Eighty-four per cent would be willing to undergo the surgery again. Older age (p = 0.032) was a significant risk factor for TKA conversion. CONCLUSION: LOW-DFO is an efficient procedure to manage lateral knee osteoarthritis in young patients with valgus deformity, with a good survival rate at 10 years and high patient satisfaction. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.
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PURPOSE: Predictive models help determine predictive factors necessary to improve functional outcomes after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). However, no study has assessed predictive models for functional outcomes after TKA based on the new concepts of personalised surgery and new technologies. This study aimed to develop and evaluate predictive modelling approaches to predict the achievement of minimal clinically important difference (MCID) in patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) 1 year after TKA. METHODS: Four hundred thirty robotic-assisted TKAs were analysed in this retrospective study. The mean age was 67.9 ± 7.9 years; the mean body mass index (BMI) was 32.0 ± 6.8 kg/m2. The following PROMs were collected preoperatively and 1-year postoperatively: knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score for joint replacement, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities osteoarthritis index (WOMAC) Function, WOMAC Pain. Demographic data, preoperative CT scan, implant size, implant position on the robotic system and characteristics of the joint replacement procedure were selected as predictive variables. Four machine learning algorithms were trained to predict the MCID status at 1-year post-TKA for each PROM survey. 'No MCID' was chosen as the target. Models were evaluated by class discrimination (F1-score) and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC-AUC). RESULTS: The best-performing model was ridge logistic regression for WOMAC Function (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.80, F1 = 0.48, sensitivity = 0.79, specificity = 0.62). Variables most strongly contributing to not achieving MCID status were preoperative PROMs, high BMI and femoral resection depth (posterior and distal), supporting functional positioning principles. Conversely, variables contributing to a positive outcome (achieving MCID) were medial/lateral alignment of the tibial component, whether the procedure was an outpatient surgery and whether the patient received managed Medicare insurance. CONCLUSION: The most predictive variables included preoperative PROMs, BMI and surgical planning. The surgical predictive variables were valgus femoral alignment and femoral rotation, reflecting the benefits of personalised surgery. Including surgical variables in predictive models for functional outcomes after TKA should guide clinical and surgical decision-making for every patient. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III.
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Despite improvements in implant design, surgical techniques and assistive technologies for total knee arthroplasty (TKA), anterior knee pain (AKP) remains frequently reported, even by satisfied patients. This persistent problem calls for better understanding and management of the patellofemoral or anterior compartment during surgery, just as the techniques and strategies deployed to optimize the flexion and extension spaces through personalized alignment, bone cuts and ligament balancing. Assistive technologies such as navigation and robotics provide new tools to manage this 'third space' through precise pre-operative planning and dynamic intra-operative assessment. Such endeavors must start with clear definitions of the 'third space', how it should be measured, what constitutes its 'safe zone', and how it affects outcomes. There are yet no established methods to evaluate the patellofemoral compartment, and no clear thresholds to define over- or under-stuffing. Static assessment using lateral radiographs provides a limited understanding and depends considerably on flexion angle, while dynamic evaluation at multiple flexion angles or using intra-operative computer or robotic-assistance enables a broader perspective and solutions to manage patellar tracking and anterior offset. Future studies should investigate the impact of variations in anterior offset in TKA, define its safe zone, and understand the effects of of thresholds for over- or under-stuffing. Experimental methods such as in-vivo motion analysis and force sensors could elucidate the influence of anterior offset on flexion and extension biomechanics.
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PURPOSE: Functional implant positioning (FIP) for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an evolution of kinematic alignment based on preoperative CT scan and robotic-assisted technology. This study aimed to assess the ligament balancing of image-based robotic-assisted TKA in extension, mid-flexion and flexion with an FIP using intraoperative sensor-guided technology. The hypothesis was that image-based robotic-assisted TKA performed by FIP would achieve ligament balancing all along the arc of knee flexion. METHODS: This prospective monocentric study included 47 consecutive patients with varus knees undergoing image-based robotic-assisted TKA performed with FIP. After robotic-assisted bone cuts, trial components were inserted, and soft tissue balance was assessed using sensor-guided technology at 10°, 45° and 90° of knee flexion. A mediolateral balanced knee was defined by an intercompartmental pressure difference (ICPD) ≤ 15 lbf and medial and lateral compartment pressure ≤60 lbf. The mean age was 71.6 years old ±6.7, the mean BMI was 29.0 kg/m2 ± 4.9 and the mean preoperative HKA was 174° ± 5 [159; 183]. RESULTS: The mean postoperative knee alignment was 177.0° ± 2.2° [172; 181]. There were 93.6% of balanced knees (n = 44) at 10 and 90° of knee flexion versus 76.6% (n = 36) at 45° of knee flexion with a significant difference (p = 0.014). Median ICPD at 10, 45 and 90° of knee flexion were, respectively, 7.0 (interquartile range [IQR]: 9), 11.0 (IQR: 9.5) and 8.0 (IQR: 9.0). Pairwise analyses revealed differences for ICPD at 45° versus ICPD at 10° (p = 0.003) and ICPD at 90° versus ICPD at 45° (p = 0.007). CONCLUSION: FIP with an image-based robotic-assisted system allowed the restoration of a well-balanced knee at 10° and 90° of flexion in varus knees. Nevertheless, some discrepancies occurred in midflexion, and more work is needed to understand ligament behaviour all along the arc of knee flexion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level II.
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Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados , Humanos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/métodos , Anciano , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Prospectivos , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/métodos , Articulación de la Rodilla/cirugía , Articulación de la Rodilla/fisiopatología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fenómenos BiomecánicosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The association between the prevalence of patellofemoral arthritis (PFA) and femoral tunnel positioning following isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLr) has not been well described. The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between femoral tunnel positioning and the prevalence of PFA. METHODS: This was a single-centre study of patients undergoing an isolated MPFLr between 2006 and 2011 with a minimum of 10 years of follow-up. Outcomes assessed were the presence of PFA on radiographs, recurrence of instability requiring revision surgery and patient-reported outcomes, including Kujala, Tegner and IKDC scores. Tunnel positioning was assessed on postoperative radiographs using two radiographic methods: Schöttle's point and the grid method to localise the femoral tunnel. Patients were grouped based on tunnel positioning and compared. RESULTS: Fifty patients were analysed at a mean follow-up of 12.4 years. Thirty-three patients (66%) had a femoral tunnel position within 7 mm of Schöttle's point and 39 (78%) within the anatomic quadrant, with the most common location according to the grid method in D4 (28%) and E4 (26%), respectively. Thirty-seven patients (74%) had a satisfactory (>80 versus <80) Kujala score at long-term follow-up. None of the examined tunnel assessment methods demonstrated a significant relationship with Tegner, Kujala or International Knee Documentation Committee scores. Patients with a femoral tunnel position >7 mm outside Schöttle's point or were considered to be in a nonanatomic position were not significantly more likely to result in unsatisfactory Kujala scores at the last follow-up. Tunnel positioning and the other tested parameters were not found to be significantly associated with the development of PFA. CONCLUSION: No correlation between femoral tunnel position and risk of PFA or poor outcomes was observed in patients undergoing isolated MPFLr at long-term follow-up. The impact of femoral tunnel placement on long-term outcomes in patients with PFI may be less significant than originally considered. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV.
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PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to describe a planning method for medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) implantation using preoperative stress radiographs to measure the thickness of tibial and femoral bone resections and to validate this method with data from an image-based robotic surgery system. Having such method for preoperative planning would be of interest for surgeons performing UKA in order to anticipate optimal bone resection on both tibia and femoral sides. METHODS: A new planning method for medial UKA based on valgus stress knee radiographs validated it with an image-based robotic surgery system (Restoris MCK, MAKO®, Stryker Corporation) was proposed. This retrospective study involved radiographic measurements of 76 patients who underwent image-based robotic medial UKA between April 2022 and February 2023. Preoperative anteroposterior stress radiographs of the knee were used to simulate UKA implantation. The UKA technique was based on Cartier's angle and aimed at restoring the joint line. The total dimension measured was 14 mm (8 mm for minimal tibial component and polyethylene insert + 4 mm for femoral component + 2 mm for safety laxity). Bone resections were measured in the preoperative valgus stress radiographs and then against the intraoperative bone resection data provided by the robotic system. Inter- and intra-observer reliability was assessed using 25 measurements. RESULTS: The mean planned tibial resection measured in the radiographs was 4.3 ± 0.4 [2.9-5.8], while the mean robotic resection was 4.2 ± 0.5 [2.7-5.8] (mean difference = 0.15 mm, 95% confidence interval [CI] [-0.27 to 0.57]). There was a strong correlation between these two values (Pearson's rank R = 0.79, p < 0.001). Intra- and inter-observer reliability were also very strong (Pearson's rank R = 0.91, p < 0.001, and Pearson's rank R = 0.82, p < 0.001, respectively). The mean planned femoral bone resection measured in the radiographs was 2.7 ± 0.7 mm [1-4.5], while the mean robotic resection was 2.5 ± 0.9 [1-5] (mean difference = 0.21 mm, 95% CI [-0.66 to 1.08]). There was a strong correlation between these two values (Pearson's rank R = 0.82, p < 0.001). Intra- and inter-observer reliability were also strong (Pearson's rank R = 0.88, p < 0.001, and Pearson's rank R = 0.84, p < 0.001, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study describes and validates with robotic information a simple and reproducible preoperative planning method to determine femoral and tibial bone resection for medial UKA implantation using antero-posterior valgus stress knee radiographs, leaving a medial safety laxity of 2 mm. It represents a very valuable contribution to the understanding of UKA principles, which can serve to extend its indications and increase reproducibility of the surgical technique. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III. Retrospective cohort study.
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PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to compare the degree of accuracy in implant positioning and limb alignment offered by two robot-assisted (RA) systems: an image-based robot-assisted (IBRA) versus an imageless robot-assisted (ILRA) system for the treatment of medial knee osteoarthritis with unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). METHODS: This retrospective radiographic study included medial UKAs performed between 2011 and 2023. Radiographic measurements taken preoperatively and at 1-year postoperative control visit focusing on hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), posterior tibial slope (PTS), tibial component coronal alignment relative to Cartier's angle and restoration of proper joint line (JL) height were analyzed. Outliers for postoperative measurements were defined as follows: HKA <175° or >180°, PTS <2° or >8°, >3° or <-3° alterations in Cartier's angle and ±2 mm changes in the height of the joint line. RESULTS: The final sample consisted of 292 medial UKAs: 95 (32.5%) with an IBRA system and 197 (67.5%) with an ILRA system. Implant positioning and limb alignment were more accurate in the group of patients treated with IBRA, HKA (77.9% vs. 67.5%, p = 0.07), PTS (93.7% vs. 82.7%, p = 0.01), restoration of tibial varus relative to Cartier's angle (87.4% vs. 65%, p < 0.001) and restoration of JL height (81.1% vs. 69.5%, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION: Medial UKA surgery using an IBRA system was associated with a higher degree of accuracy in implant positioning and postoperative limb alignment as compared to an ILRA system. This is a valuable contribution to help communicate the advantages of using this surgical technique and improve its reproducibility. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level III, Retrospective cohort study.
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Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/métodos , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/instrumentación , Masculino , Femenino , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/métodos , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/cirugía , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Articulación de la Rodilla/cirugía , Articulación de la Rodilla/diagnóstico por imagen , Prótesis de la Rodilla , RadiografíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: One of the most pertinent questions in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is: what could be considered normal coronal alignment? This study aims to define normal, neutral, deviant and aberrant coronal alignment using large data from a computed tomography (CT)-scan database and previously published phenotypes. METHODS: Coronal alignment parameters from 11,191 knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients were measured based on three dimensional reconstructed CT data using a validated planning software. Based on these measurements, patients' coronal alignment was phenotyped according to the functional knee phenotype concept. These phenotypes represent an alignment variation of the overall hip knee ankle angle (HKA), femoral mechanical angle (FMA) and tibial mechanical angle (TMA). Each phenotype is defined by a specific mean and covers a range of ±1.5° from this mean. Coronal alignment is classified as normal, neutral, deviant and aberrant based on distribution frequency. Mean values and distribution among the phenotypes are presented and compared between two populations (OA patients in this study and non-OA patients from a previously published study). RESULTS: The arithmetic HKA (aHKA), combined normalised data of FMA and TMA, showed that 36.0% of knees were neutral within ±1 SD from the mean in both angles, 44.3% had either a TMA or a FMA within ±1-2 SD (normally aligned), 15.3% of the patients were deviant within ±2-3 SD and only 4.4% of them had an aberrant alignment (±3-4 SD in 3.4% and >4 SD in 1.0% of the patients respectively). However, combining the normalised data of HKA, FMA and TMA, 15.4% of patients were neutral in all three angles, 39.7% were at least normal, 27.7% had at least one deviant angle and 17.2% had at least one aberrant angle. For HKA, the males exhibited 1° varus and females were neutral. For FMA, the females exhibited 0.7° more valgus in mean than males and grew 1.8° per category (males grew 2.1° per category). For TMA, the males exhibited 1.3° more varus than females and both grew 2.3° and 2.4° (females) per category. Normal coronal alignment was 179.2° ± 2.8-5.6° (males) and 180.5 > ± 2.8-5.6° (females) for HKA, 93.1 > ± 2.1-4.2° (males) and 93.8 > ± 1.8-3.6° (females) for FMA and 86.7 > ± 2.3-4.6° (males) and 88 > ± 2.4-4.8° (females) for TMA. This means HKA 6.4 varus or 4.8° valgus (males) or 5.1° varus to 6.1° valgus was considered normal. For FMA HKA 1.1 varus or 7.3° valgus (males) or 0.2° valgus to 7.4° valgus was considered normal. For TMA HKA 7.9 varus or 1.3° valgus (males) or 6.8° varus to 2.8° valgus was considered normal. Aberrant coronal alignment started from 179.2° ± 8.4° (males) and 180.5 > ± 8.4° (females) for HKA, 93.1 > ± 6.3° (males) 93.8 > ± 5.4° (females) for FMA and 86.7 > ± 6.9° (males) and 88 > ± 7.2° (females) for TMA. This means HKA > 9.2° varus or 7.6° valgus (males) or 7.9° varus to 8.9° valgus was considered aberrant. CONCLUSION: Definitions of neutrality, normality, deviance as well as aberrance for coronal alignment in TKA were proposed in this study according to their distribution frequencies. This can be seen as an important first step towards a safe transition from the conventional one-size-fits-all to a more personalised coronal alignment target. There should be further definitions combining bony alignment, joint surfaces' morphology, soft tissue laxities and joint kinematics. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.
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Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla , Masculino , Femenino , Humanos , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/métodos , Articulación de la Rodilla/diagnóstico por imagen , Articulación de la Rodilla/cirugía , Extremidad Inferior , Tibia/diagnóstico por imagen , Tibia/cirugía , Fémur/cirugía , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/diagnóstico por imagen , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/cirugía , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) is an accepted treatment option in cases of end-stage lateral osteoarthritis. While lateral UKA has many proposed advantages compared to total knee arthroplasty, its technical challenges and relatively small number of cases make this an uncommon procedure. The aim of this study was to report the survivorship and functional outcomes beyond 20 years of follow-up of isolated UKA. METHODS: Between January 1988 and October 2003, 54 lateral UKAs were performed in a single center. The fitted prosthesis was a fixed plate and cemented polyethylene (PE). All patients had isolated lateral tibiofemoral osteoarthritis, including five open meniscectomies, three arthroscopies, and three open reductions of lateral tibial plateau fractures. Patients with a minimum of 20 years of follow-up were included in the final analysis. RESULTS: Of the 54 UKA, 22 died before reaching the minimum follow-up period and four were lost to follow-up. Twenty-eight were included in the final analysis. Among them, 21 patients remained alive and an additional seven were deceased after 20 years. The mean age at the last follow-up was 84.8 ± 11.9 years with a mean follow-up duration of 22.5 ± 2.1 years. Of the 28 knees, eight underwent revision surgery (5 for the progression of osteoarthritis; 2 for aseptic loosening; 1 for PE wear). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed a survival rate at 20 and 25 years of 72.3% (CI 59.1; 88.6). The average time to revision was 14.9 ± 4.9 years. At the last follow-up, the mean function Knee Society Score (KSS) was 41.5 ± 32.9 and the mean objective KSS score was 79.4 ± 9.7. In the unrevised population, 94.7% of patients (n = 18) reported being satisfied or very satisfied with the surgery. CONCLUSION: Lateral UKA remains a viable treatment option for patients with isolated lateral tibiofemoral osteoarthritis, providing satisfactory 20-year implant survivorship and high patient satisfaction.
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Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla , Prótesis de la Rodilla , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla , Falla de Prótesis , Humanos , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/métodos , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/instrumentación , Masculino , Femenino , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/cirugía , Estudios de Seguimiento , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Resultado del Tratamiento , Persona de Mediana Edad , Articulación de la Rodilla/cirugía , Articulación de la Rodilla/fisiopatología , Reoperación/estadística & datos numéricos , Reoperación/métodosRESUMEN
Dysregulation of the gut microbiota and their metabolites is involved in the pathogenic process of intestinal diseases, and several pieces of evidence within the current literature have also highlighted a possible connection between the gut microbiota and the unfolding of inflammatory pathologies of the joints. This dysregulation is defined as the "gut-joint axis" and is based on the joint-gut interaction. It is widely recognized that the microbiota of the gut produce a variety of compounds, including enzymes, short-chain fatty acids, and metabolites. As a consequence, these proinflammatory compounds that bacteria produce, such as that of lipopolysaccharide, move from the "leaky gut" to the bloodstream, thereby leading to systemic inflammation which then reaches the joints, with consequences such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and spondylarthritis. In this state-of-the-art research, the authors describe the connections between gut dysbiosis and osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and spondylarthritis. Moreover, the diagnostic tools, outcome measures, and treatment options are elucidated. There is accumulating proof suggesting that the microbiota of the gut play an important part not only in immune-mediated, metabolic, and neurological illnesses but also in inflammatory joints. According to the authors, future studies should concentrate on developing innovative microbiota-targeted treatments and their effects on joint pathology as well as on organizing screening protocols to predict the onset of inflammatory joint disease based on gut dysbiosis.
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Artritis Reumatoide , Microbioma Gastrointestinal , Osteoartritis , Espondiloartritis , Humanos , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/fisiología , Disbiosis/microbiología , Artritis Reumatoide/microbiologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The aim of the present study was to report the approach of Greek surgeons regarding patellar management and provide the outcomes and the rate of the need for secondary patella resurfacing. METHODS: Following the PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, Scopus, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) databases were accessed in January 2024. Clinical studies evaluating the outcomes of patients undergoing primary TKA were considered eligible for this systematic review if the following predefined criteria were fulfilled: (1) published in English, (2) were conducted in Greece, and had a minimum of 2-year follow-up. The methodological quality and publication bias were assessed using the Modified Coleman Methodology Score (mCMS) and ROBIS tool, respectively. Data was presented in tables using absolute values from individual studies. Pooled data were presented as means, ranges, and percentages. RESULTS: Six clinical studies with a total of 1084 TKAs were included. Four studies were retrospectives, and two studies were prospective. Patella was only resurfaced in 0.6% of total TKAs. TKA without patellar resurfaced, which resulted in an improvement in functional outcome. Among studies, the overall need for revision incidence was 7.6% (68 out of 892 TKAs). Additionally, Aseptic loosening (2.4%) was the most common reason for revision due to patellofemoral joint complications, followed by secondary patellar resurfacing (2.1%) and deep infection (1.3%). The mean mCMS demonstrated a fair methodological quality level, and the ROBIS toll a low risk of bias in all four domains. CONCLUSION: The available evidence supports that Greek surgeons mainly do not resurface the patella. However, patellar non-resurfacing yields good functional outcomes and presents relatively low revision rates for secondary patellar resurfacing. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: IV.
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PURPOSE: The open Trillat Procedure described to treat recurrent shoulder instability, has a renewed interest with the advent of arthroscopy. The suprascapular nerve (SSN) is theoretically at risk during the drilling of the scapula near the spinoglenoid notch. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between the screw securing the coracoid transfer and the SSN during open Trillat Procedure and define a safe zone for the SSN. METHODS: In this anatomical study, an open Trillat Procedure was performed on ten shoulders specimens. The coracoid was fixed by a screw after partial osteotomy and antero-posterior drilling of the scapular neck. The SSN was dissected with identification of the screw. We measured the distances SSN-screw (distance 1) and SSN-glenoid rim (distance 2). In axial plane, we measured the angles between the glenoid plane and the screw (α angle) and between the glenoid plane and the SSN (ß angle). RESULTS: The mean distance SSN-screw was 8.8 mm +/-5.4 (0-15). Mean α angle was 11°+/-2.4 (8-15). Mean ß angle was 22°+/-6.7 (12-30). No macroscopic lesion of the SSN was recorded but in 20% (2 cases), the screw was in contact with the nerve. In both cases, the ß angle was measured at 12°. CONCLUSION: During the open Trillat Procedure, the SSN can be injured due to its anatomical location. Placement of the screw should be within 10° of the glenoid plane to minimize the risk of SSN injury and could require the use of a specific guide or arthroscopic-assisted surgery.
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Inestabilidad de la Articulación , Traumatismos de los Nervios Periféricos , Articulación del Hombro , Humanos , Articulación del Hombro/cirugía , Articulación del Hombro/inervación , Inestabilidad de la Articulación/cirugía , Hombro , Escápula/cirugía , Escápula/inervación , Traumatismos de los Nervios Periféricos/etiología , Traumatismos de los Nervios Periféricos/prevención & control , Traumatismos de los Nervios Periféricos/cirugía , Artroscopía/efectos adversosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To report the long-term clinical outcomes after isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFLr) to treat recurrent patellar instability. METHODS: This was a single-center study of patients undergoing an isolated MPFLr between 2000 and 2011. All patients underwent reconstruction using hamstring autograft. The inclusion criteria were a minimum 10-year follow-up period and skeletally mature patients with more than 1 episode of patellar dislocation who underwent MPFLr without an associated bony procedure. RESULTS: A total of 54 knees were available for final analysis. The mean follow-up period was 12.3 years (range, 10-14 year). The mean age at surgery was 25 years. No patients had patellofemoral arthritis (PFA) prior to surgery. Preoperatively, the mean Caton-Deschamps index was 1.1 and the mean tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance was 14.9 ± 2 mm (range, 7-17 mm). All patients had trochlear dysplasia according to the Dejour classification. At final follow-up, the mean Kujala score was 82.9 ± 15.3; mean International Knee Documentation Committee score, 78.3 ± 18.5; and mean Tegner score, 4.0 ± 1.7. Patients with an unsatisfactory outcome as determined by a Kujala score lower than 80 had a higher Caton-Deschamps index preoperatively and were more likely to be female patients; however, neither factor reached significance. Of the patients, 33 (66%) had no radiographic evidence of PFA whereas 15 (30%) had Iwano stage 1 and 2 had Iwano stage 2 (4%). At final follow-up, 4 patients (7.4%) had recurrent instability requiring revision surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Isolated MPFLr with gracilis tendon autograft in appropriately selected patients is an effective long-term treatment for recurrent patellofemoral instability with low rates of recurrence. One-third of patients exhibit radiographic evidence of PFA more than 10 years after isolated MPFLr. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Level IV, case series.
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Inestabilidad de la Articulación , Luxación de la Rótula , Articulación Patelofemoral , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Masculino , Articulación Patelofemoral/cirugía , Inestabilidad de la Articulación/cirugía , Estudios de Seguimiento , Autoinjertos , Luxación de la Rótula/cirugía , Ligamentos Articulares/cirugía , Tendones/trasplanteRESUMEN
The use of dual-mobility articulations in total hip arthroplasty (THA) is increasing. The appeal of dual-mobility implants rests in their ability to increase the effective ball head size for a given THA construct compared with conventional bearings, thereby reducing the risk of postoperative instability. Although the concept of dual-mobility articulation in THA is not new and early clinical experience dates back to the 1970s, its widespread use is a relatively recent phenomenon. Furthermore, unlike European surgeons who routinely use monoblock dual-mobility acetabular components in THA, the most common dual-mobility implants used in North America and worldwide are of a modular nature in which a metallic liner is coupled to a multibearing acetabular component and thus creating a metal-on-metal interface. It is important to review the evidence for the indications for dual-mobility implants in both primary and revision THA; present basic science data on the risk of corrosion in modular dual-mobility implants; and highlight the possible ongoing questions and concerns with dual-mobility implants. The goal is to provide a balanced critical review of this technology and define its current place in the hip surgeon's armamentarium.
Asunto(s)
Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Cadera , Prótesis de Cadera , Humanos , Falla de Prótesis , Diseño de Prótesis , Acetábulo , ReoperaciónRESUMEN
PURPOSE: In recent studies, robotic-assisted surgical techniques for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) have demonstrated superior implant positioning and limb alignment compared to a conventional technique. However, the impact of the robotic-assisted technique on clinical and functional outcomes is less clear. The aim of this study was to compare the gait parameters of UKA performed with conventional and image-free robotic-assisted techniques. METHODS: This prospective, single-center study included 66 medial UKA, randomized to a robotic-assisted (n = 33) or conventional technique (n = 33). Gait knee kinematics was assessed on a treadmill at 6 months to identify changes in gait characteristics (walking speed, each degree-of-freedom: flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, internal-external rotation, and anterior-posterior displacement). Clinical results were assessed at 6 months using the IKS score and the Forgotten Joint Score. Implants position was assessed on post-operative radiographs. RESULTS: Post-operatively, the whole gait cycle was not significantly different between groups. In both groups, there was a significant improvement in varus deformity between the pre- and post-operative gait cycle. There was no significant difference between the two groups in clinical scores, implant position, revision, and complication rates. CONCLUSION: No difference of gait parameters could be identified between medial UKA performed with image-free robotic-assisted technique or with conventional technique. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prospective randomized controlled trial.
Asunto(s)
Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla , Prótesis de la Rodilla , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados , Humanos , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/métodos , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Robotizados/métodos , Estudios Prospectivos , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/cirugía , Articulación de la Rodilla/cirugía , Marcha , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Literature regarding outcomes in patients over 80 years old after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is inconsistent. We aimed to compare implant survivorship and functional outcomes between elderly patients (≥ 80 years) and younger patients (< 80 years) following TKA, using a single modern posterior-stabilized (PS) prosthetic design. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of 80 patients over 80 years old who underwent TKA between January 2015 and December 2016, who were compared with younger patients (60-75 years old) operated during the same period. Patients were matched with a ratio of 1:3 based on logistic regression analysis of gender and body mass index. All patients received the same cemented PS prosthesis with a fixed bearing polyethylene insert, with or without patellar resurfacing. Implant survival and patient-reported outcome measurements were compared between the two groups. At last follow-up, data were available for 41 knees in the elderly group (including 17 patients who died before 5-year follow-up) and 123 knees in the younger group. RESULTS: Functional results were better at final follow-up in the group < 80 years with a significantly higher Knee Society Function Subscore (88.6 ± 16.9 vs 79.4 ± 22.1, p < 0.01), but no significant differences in Knee Subscore and global Knee Society Score (p > 0.05), nor regarding maximum flexion (121° ± 12 and 117° ± 13, p = 0.08). The implant survivorship was 100.0% after a mean 64.4-month follow-up (range 60-78), without revision requiring removal of the implant in any group. The survival rate without any reoperation was 97.6% (95% CI 93.0-100.0) in the elderly group and 95.9% (95% CI 92.5-99.5) in the younger group (p = 0.64). CONCLUSION: At a minimum of 5-year follow-up, there was no revision surgery and a very low rate of complications requiring reoperations both in the group over 80 years of age and in the younger population, with the use of a PS prosthesis. The functional results were slightly lower for elderly patients and correlate with the lower functional demands of this population. The indication for TKA, especially with a PS implant, may be encouraged in appropriately selected elderly patients. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III (retrospective cohort study).
Asunto(s)
Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla , Prótesis de la Rodilla , Humanos , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Persona de Mediana Edad , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/métodos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tasa de Supervivencia , Articulación de la Rodilla/cirugía , Reoperación , Diseño de Prótesis , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Surgeons want to achieve native kinematics in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Cruciate-substituting (CS) implants could restore the knee kinematics more efficiently than posterior-stabilised (PS) TKA. This study aimed to compare gait patterns in patients with CS or PS TKA at 6 months. The hypothesis was that CS implants would demonstrate comparable gait parameters to PS implants at 6 months. METHODS: In this prospective case-control study, 38 primary TKA without coronal laxity were divided into 2 groups: 19 cruciate-substituting (CS) and 19 posterior-stabilised (PS) implants. The type of prosthesis was determined according to the surgical period. Exclusion criteria were TKA revision, associated procedures and inability to walk on a treadmill. Gait analysis was conducted on a treadmill 6 months postoperatively for each patient with a knee assessment device (KneeKG®). Gait characteristics included analysis in three spatial dimensions (flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, internal-external rotation, anterior-posterior translation). Clinical outcomes (Knee Society Score and Forgotten Joint Score) were compared between both groups at 6 months postoperatively. RESULTS: At 6 months, the gait analysis did not demonstrate any significant difference between CS and PS implants. The range and the maximum anteroposterior translation were similar in both groups (9.2 ± 6.5 mm in CS group vs. 8.1 ± 3 mm in PS group (n.s.); and - 5.2 ± 5 mm in CS group vs. - 6.3 ± 5.9 mm in PS group (n.s.), respectively). The internal/external rotation, the flexion, and the varus angle were similar between CS and PS implants. The KSS Knee score was higher at 6 months in the CS group than in the PS group (92.1 ± 5.6 vs. 84.8 ± 8.9 (p < 0.01)). CONCLUSION: Cruciate-substituting and posterior-stabilised TKA had similar gait patterns at 6 months postoperatively, despite a non-equivalent posterior stabilisation system. CS prostheses were an interesting option for primary TKA for knee kinematics restoration without requiring a femoral box. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Prospective, case-control study; Level II.
Asunto(s)
Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla , Prótesis de la Rodilla , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla , Ligamento Cruzado Posterior , Humanos , Artroplastia de Reemplazo de Rodilla/métodos , Ligamento Cruzado Posterior/cirugía , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Diseño de Prótesis , Articulación de la Rodilla/cirugía , Marcha , Rango del Movimiento Articular , Fenómenos Biomecánicos , Osteoartritis de la Rodilla/cirugíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Few comparative studies assessed the current concept of individualised alignment for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and their outcomes at mid-term. This study aimed to evaluate the functional outcomes at 1 year of primary TKA performed with a functional positioning technique based on an image-based robotic-assisted system, compared to conventional TKA performed with a restricted kinematic alignment technique. METHODS: This retrospective comparative study included 100 primary TKAs performed with functional positioning principles using an image-based robotic-assisted system. A control group included 100 primary TKAs with the same posterior-stabilised implant as the robotic group but performed with manual instrumentation and restricted kinematic alignment technique. In the robotic group, the mean age was 69.2 years old ± 7.9; the mean body mass index was 29.7 kg/m2 ± 4.6. The demographic characteristics were similar between both groups. Kujala score, Forgotten Joint Score (FJS), Knee Society Score (KSS) knee and KSS function were collected 12 months postoperatively. Normally distributed continuous variables were compared using the Student t test. For non-normally distributed continuous variables, the Mann-Whitney test was used. RESULTS: FJS was significantly higher in the robotic group (76.3 ± 13 vs. 68.6 ± 16.9 in the conventional group; p = 0.026). At a 1-year follow-up, there was no significant difference in the KSS knee and KSS function scores and the Kujala score between both groups. The mean KSS knee score was 90.8 ± 11.4 in the robotic group versus 89.4 ± 9.6 in the conventional group (p = 0.082). The mean KSS function score was 91.4 ± 12.3 versus 91.3 ± 12.6, respectively (p = 0.778). CONCLUSION: Functional positioning principles using an image-based robotic-assisted system achieved a higher Forgotten Joint Score 1 year after TKA compared to restricted kinematic alignment. Personalised alignment and implant positioning are interesting paths to improve the functional outcomes after TKA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: III.