Defluviimonas alba sp. nov., isolated from an oilfield.

Two Gram-stain-negative, rod-shaped bacterial strains, cai42T and b45, were isolated from oil-production water taken from Xinjiang Oilfield, China. Optimum growth was observed at 30 °C, at pH 8 and with 1-3% (w/v) NaCl. According to phylogenetic analyses, the two strains were members of the genus Defluviimonas, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95.5-96.3 % with the type strains of species of the genus. The major cellular fatty acids of strains cai42T and b45 were C10 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 0 and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1ω7c/C18 : 1ω6c), and the predominant ubiquinone was Q-10, all of these data being typical for the genus Defluviimonas. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, glycolipid, phosphatidylcholine, two unidentified aminolipids, an unidentified phospholipid and two unidentified lipids. The mean genomic DNA G+C contents of strains cai42T and b45 were 60.8±1.1 and 60.4±1.0 mol%, respectively. On the basis of phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic analyses, strains cai42T and b45 represent a novel species of the genus Defluviimonas, for which the name Defluviimonas alba sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is cai42T ( = CGMCC 1.12518T = LMG 27406T).

Marinobacter shengliensis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from oil-contaminated saline soil.

Two moderately halophilic strains, designated SL013A34A2(T) and SL013A24A, were isolated from oil-contaminated saline soil from Shengli Oilfield, eastern China. Cells were found to be Gram-staining negative, aerobic, rod-shaped with a single polar flagellum. The isolates were found to grow at 10-40 °C (optimum 35 °C), pH 6.0-9.0 (optimum pH 8.0), and NaCl concentrations of 0.5-18.0 % (w/v) (optimum 3.0-6.0 NaCl). The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolates belong to the genus Marinobacter. Strain SL013A34A2(T) shares the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with strain SL013A24A (99.3 %), followed by M. hydrocarbonoclasticus CGMCC 1.7683(T) (97.8 %), M. vinifirmus CGMCC 1.7265(T) (97.8 %), and M. excellens KMM 3809(T) (97.4 %), respectively, but low similarities (93.8-96.4 %) with type strains of the other numbers of genus Marinobacter. DNA-DNA relatedness values of strain SL013A34A2(T) with strains SL013A24A, M. hydrocarbonoclasticus CGMCC 1.7683(T), M. vinifirmus CGMCC 1.7265(T) and M. excellens KMM 3809(T) were 88.7, 29.2, 33.4 and 29.4 %, respectively. The major fatty acids of strain SL013A34A2(T) were identified as C18:1 ω9c, C16:0, C12:03-OH, C12:0, C16:1 ω9c and 10-methyl C18:0. The major respiratory quinone of strain SL013A34A2(T) was found to be ubiquinone-9, and its predominant polar lipids were identified as diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and unidentified glycolipid. The genomic DNA G + C content was found to be 56.1 mol %. Based on the phenotypic, genetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, these two isolates are representatives of a novel species of the genus Marinobacter, for which the name Marinobacter shengliensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SL013A34A2(T)(=LMG 27740(T) = CGMCC 1.12758(T)).

Halodurantibacterium flavum gen. nov., sp. nov., a non-phototrophic bacterium isolated from an oil production mixture.

Three Gram-negative bacterial strains, DQW12E6-69-1(T), DQW12E61-22-1, and DQW12E6-22-1-1, were isolated from an oil production mixture from Daqing Oilfield, northeastern China. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the three strains formed a stable cluster different from the known genus in Rhodobacteraceae of Alphaproteobacteria. In addition, they were most closely related to species in genera Pararhodobacter, Rhodobacter ,and Rhodobaca with the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities being 95.1-95.9 %. Cells of the three strains were aerobic; they do not require salt to grow but are resistant to high salinity. They could conduct chemoorganoheterotrophic growth on various carbon sources, with non-phototrophic growth observed. The genomic DNA G+C contents of the strains DQW12E6-69-1(T), DQW12E6-22-1-1, and DQW12E61-22-1 were 63.8, 63.7, and 63.6 mol%, respectively. The predominant respiratory ubiquinone of DQW12E6-69-1(T) was Q-10, and the major fatty acids were C18:1 ω7c, C(18:0), and C(10:0) 3-OH. Photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic reaction center gene pufM were not detected. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, unidentified glycolipid, and unidentified phospholipid. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic, and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strains DQW12E6-69-1(T), DQW12E61-22-1, and DQW12E6-22-1-1 represent a novel genus and a novel species of the family Rhodobacteraceae. The name Halodurantibacterium flavum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed with strain DQW12E6-69-1(T) (=LMG 27742(T) = CGMCC 1.12756(T)) as the type strain.

Plastorhodobacter daqingensis gen. nov., sp. nov.: a non-phototrophic bacterium isolated from Daqing Oilfield.

Two aerobic Gram staining negative, non-motile, and rod-shaped strains, DQW12E81-30(T) and DQW12E6-37-1, were isolated from an oil production mixture from Daqing Oilfield, northeastern China. Phylogenetic analysis based on the nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strains DQW12E81-30(T) and DQW12E6-37-1 were members of family Rhodobacteraceae, which showed 95.6-95.9 % of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Pararhodobacter aggregans DSM 18938(T), Rhodobacter veldkampii CGMCC 1.5006(T), and Roseinatronobacter thiooxidans DSM 13087(T), and lower similarities (<95.1 %) with all the left type species. Growth of strains DQW12E81-30(T) and DQW12E6-37-1 occurred at pH 7-8, 15-45 °C, and 0-4 % (w/v) of NaCl. The strains could grow both in dark and in light, but neither photosynthetic pigments nor photosynthetic reaction center gene pufM were detected in the strains. These photosynthesis-related features of the two isolates were different from those of Rhodobacter and Roseinatronobacter bacteria, but similar with those of Pararhodobacter. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains DQW12E81-30(T) and DQW12E6-37-1 were 66.9 and 63.7 mol%, respectively. The predominant ubiquinone was Q-10 for both the strains. The major polar lipids of strain DQW12E81-30(T) were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, unidentified aminolipid, unidentified glycolipid, and unidentified phospholipid. The two strains had C18:1 ω7c, C18:0, and C18:1 ω7c 11-methyl as the major fatty acids. In addition, the strains DQW12E81-30(T) and DQW12E6-37-1 had C16:1 ω7c/C16:1 ω6c, C12:0, C14:0, C14:0 3-OH/C16:1 iso I, C10:0 3-OH, which were remarkably different from those of Pararhodobacter and Roseinatronobacter. The results of phenotypic, genotypic, and chemotaxonomic characteristics analyses indicated that strains DQW12E81-30(T) and DQW12E6-37-1 were readily different from their most phylogenetically closely related genera. Plastorhodobacter daqingensis gen. nov, sp. nov. is proposed for strains DQW12E81-30(T) and DQW12E6-37-1. The type strain is DQW12E81-30(T) (=LMG 27732(T)=CGMCC 1.12750(T)).

Glycocaulis albus sp. nov., a moderately halophilic dimorphic prosthecate bacterium isolated from petroleum-contaminated saline soil.

Two novel bacterial strains, SLG210-30A1(T) and SLG210-19A2, which shared 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with each other, were isolated from petroleum-contaminated saline soil in Shengli Oilfield, eastern China. Cells were Gram-stain-negative, motile, aerobic, mesophilic and moderately halophilic. They could grow chemoheterotrophically with oxygen as an electron acceptor. Morphologically, cells were typical Caulobacteria-type dimorphic prosthecate bacteria. The genomic DNA G+C contents of strains SLG210-30A1(T) and SLG210-19A2 were 61.8 mol% and 61.6 mol% respectively. Strain SLG210-30A1(T) had Q10 as the predominant respiratory ubiquinone, and C16 : 0 (28.4 %), C17 : 0 (11.6 %), C18 : 0 (22.1 %) and C18 : 1ω7c (14.0 %) as the major cellular fatty acids. The polar lipids of the two isolates were some glycolipids, a lipid, a phospholipid, an aminoglycolipid and an aminophospholipid (all unidentified). The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains SLG210-30A1(T) and SLG210-19A2 showed the highest similarities with Glycocaulis abyssi MCS 33(T) (99.8-99.9 %), but low sequence similarities (<94.7 %) with type strains of other members of the family Hyphomonadaceae. However, the DNA-DNA relatedness of G. abyssi MCS 33(T) to strains SLG210-30A1(T) and SLG210-19A2 was 37.4±4.4 % and 36.1±1.1 %, respectively. Based on different physiological, biochemical, and phylogenetic characteristics, strains SLG210-30A1(T) and SLG210-19A2 represent a novel species of the genus Glycocaulis. The name Glycocaulis albus is therefore proposed with strain SLG210-30A1(T) ( = LMG 27741(T) = CGMCC 1.12766(T)) as the type strain. An emended description of the genus Glycocaulis is also provided.

Seohaeicola nanhaiensis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from the benthic sediment of South China Sea.

An aerobic, Gram-staining negative, non-motile, and rod-shaped bacterial strain, SS011A0-7#2-2(T), was isolated from the sediment of South China Sea with the depth of 1,500 m. Optimum growth occurred at pH 8.0, 30 °C, and 6 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain SS011A0-7#2-2(T) did not synthesize bacteriochlorophyll a or carotenoid, neither possess photosynthesis genes. Its genome DNA G+C content was 67.9 mol%. It contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18:1 ω7c (52.3 %) as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, unidentified phospholipid, and unidentified aminolipid. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that it was closely related to Seohaeicola saemankumensis SD-15(T), Phaeobacter gallaeciensis BS 107(T) and Roseovarius pacificus 81-2(T) in Rhodobacteraceae, with the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities being 96.5, 95.7, and 95.6 %, respectively. However, the phylogeny of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain SS011A0-7#2-2(T) was a member of the genus Seohaeicola. Strain SS011A0-7#2-2(T) was moderately halophilic which was different from Seohaeicola saemankumensis SD-15(T), and it showed the enzyme activities and carbon source spectrum significantly different from Seohaeicola saemankumensis SD-15(T). As its physiological and chemotaxinomic properties were different from those of Seohaeicola saemankumensis SD-15(T), strain SS011A0-7#2-2(T) represents a novel species of the genus Seohaecola. The name Seohaeicola nanhaiensis sp. nov. is proposed, with strain SS011A0-7#2-2(T) (=LMG 27733(T) = CGMCC 1.12759(T)) as the type strain.

Chinese medicinal plants for advanced endometriosis after conservative surgery: a prospective, multi-center and controlled trial.

The trial was to explore the effects of Chinese medicinal plants (CMP) treatment on the advanced endometriosis (stage III-IV) after conservative surgery. A prospective, multi-center and controlled trial was conducted from June 2012 to September 2013. Sixty-five post-operative women with advanced endometriosis (stage III-IV) after conservative surgery were included in the trial. They had undergone laparoscopic surgical excision of the endometriosis lesions and the diagnosis of endometriosis was confirmed by pathological examination. The patients received either CMP treatment or goserelin acetate sustained-release depot treatment (as comparison) according to the willingness of the patients. In the post-treatment follow-up visit at 6 and 12 months, the patients were respectively undergone ultrasonic and gynecological examinations. The serum levels of cancer antigen 125 (CA-125) and interleukin 18 (IL-18) were also detected in the post-treatment follow-up visit at 12 months. We found that in the post-treatment follow-up visit at 6 months, the recurrence rate of CMP group and comparison group was 1/31 (3.23%) and 1/34 (2.94%), respectively. In the post-treatment follow-up visit at 12 months, the recurrence rate of CMP group and comparison group was 5/31 (16.13%) and 6/34 (17.65%), respectively. There were no significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05). The serum levels of CA-125 and IL-18 significantly decreased in both of the two groups (P<0.05) and no marked differences existed between them on the serum levels of IL-18 (P>0.05). The serum CA-125 levels of CMP group were significantly lower than those of the comparison group (P<0.05). No adverse effect was reported in both of the two groups during the research and the follow-up period. It concluded that CMP showed promise in preventing the recurrence of stage III-IV endometriosis after conservative surgery, although the conclusion is somewhat limited due to the small size of the trial.