Diagnosis and treatment of post-cholecystectomy diarrhoea.

The incidence of cholecystitis is relatively high in developed countries and may usually be attributed to gallstones, the treatment for which involves complete surgical removal of the gallbladder (cholecystectomy). Bile acids produced following cholecystectomy continue to flow into the duodenum but are poorly absorbed by the colon. Excessive bile acids in the colon stimulate mucosal secretion of water and electrolytes leading, in severe cases, to diarrhoea. Bile acid diarrhoea (BAD) is difficult to diagnose, requiring a comprehensive medical history and physical examination in combination with laboratory evaluation. The current work reviews the diagnosis and treatment of BAD following cholecystectomy.

[An analysis of RHD zygosity of Rh(D)-positive Chinese Han population].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the RHD zygosity of Rh(D)-positive Chinese Hans in order to study the mother-fetus Rh isoimmunization prophylaxis. METHODS: Rh(D) blood group of 31 115 donors were serotyped, and the RHD zygosities were analyzed, or determined through a PCR method for 3628 donors of Rh(D)-positive individuals. RESULTS: Among the 31 115 donors, 99 were tested Rh(D)-negative by indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) (0.318%). The d frequency was 0.056 41, D was 0.943 59, and Dd heterozygosity was 0.106 45 (10.6%). However the rate was 0.090 32 (about 9.0%) after excluding DEL (IAT-negative). For the 3628 PCR tested donors, 3383 were DD (93.2%), 245 were Dd (6.8%). After excluding nonfunctional RHD alleles, 7.4% of the donors were carrying one functional RHD. It showed that an Rh(D)-negative Chinese Han woman gives an Rh(D)-negative child at a rate of 3.7%-4.5% when her husband is Rh(D)-positive. CONCLUSION: Fetus Rh(D) genotyping may be unnecessary for Chinese Hans if invasive operation was needed for prenatal diagnosis. The Rh prophylaxis could be chosen assuming an Rh(D)-positive fetus.

[18F-FDG uptake of lymphoma lesions of various histological subtypes].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Malignant lymphoma has high 2-fluorine-18-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) uptake. This study was to analyze 18F-FDG uptake of lymphoma lesions of various histological subtypes. METHODS: FDG PET/CT images of 102 naive lymphoma patients were analyzed. The maximal standardized uptake value (SUVmax) of every single lesion and the SUVmax of mediastinal blood pool were measured and used to calculate the mean T/MB value (tumor SUVmax /mediastinal SUVmax) of every patient. The mean T/MB value of the patients with the same subtype of lymphoma was calculated. The differences in T/MB value between Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) patients, between HL and indolent NHL, invasive NHL patients, between B-cell NHL and NK/T-cell NHL patients, and between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients of different stages were analyzed. The expression of Ki-67 in lymph nodes from four patients with relative low T/MB value was detected. RESULTS: The T/MB values were 4.50+/-1.54 in HL patients and 5.21+/-2.86 in NHL patients (P=0.154). The T/MB value was significantly higher in invasive NHL patients than in HL and indolent NHL patients (P<0.001). The T/MB values were 5.29+/-3.00 in B-cell NHL patients and 4.91+/-2.30 in NK/T-cell NHL patients (P=0.57). There was also no significant difference between DLBCL patients of different stages. The positive rate of Ki-67 was lower in the four patients with relative low T/MB value than in positive control group. CONCLUSIONS: 18F-FDG uptake of lymphoma lesions is related to lymphoma invasion, but not related to cell origin and clinical stage. The low 18F-FDG uptake in four patients may be related to low expression of Ki-67.