Association between processed and ultra-processed food intake and the risk of breast cancer: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Results from studies investigating the association between ultra-processed foods (UPFs) and breast cancer are scarce and, in some cases, contradictory. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between the intake of processed foods (PFs) and UPFs with the risk of breast cancer in Iranian women. METHODS: The present case (n = 133) - control (n = 266) study was carried out at two general hospitals in Tehran, Iran. A 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the participants' dietary intake. Also, the NOVA classification was used to identify PFs and UPFs. The association between PFs and UPFs with the odds of breast cancer was analyzed using logistic regression models. RESULTS: According to Model 1 of conditional logistic regression, the odds of breast cancer were higher in the last tertile of UPFs than in the first tertile (odds ratio (OR) = 1.930; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.080-3.449). In Model 2, no significant association was observed between the second and last tertiles of PFs and UPFs with the odds of breast cancer compared to the reference tertile. Also based on menopause status, the odds of breast cancer increased in the last tertile only among premenopausal women in Model 2 (OR = 3.656; 95% CI: 1.326-10.079). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated that higher consumption of UPFs is associated with higher odds of breast cancer in premenopausal women.

The role of ultra-processed food consumption in protein-energy wasting and sarcopenia development in patients with chronic kidney diseases.

BACKGROUND: The effect of ultra-processed foods (UPFs) on chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been studied in some studies. The present study aimed to investigate the association between UPF consumption and the risk of protein-energy wasting (PEW) and sarcopenia in patients with CKD in the Iranian population. METHODS: The current cross-sectional study included 110 patients with CKD referred to two clinics in Shiraz, Iran. The International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM) criteria and the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) guideline were considered for the diagnosis of PEW and sarcopenia, respectively. The valid semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess participants' dietary intake. The logistic regression was used to examine the association of UPFs with PEW and sarcopenia. RESULTS: We observed no significant association between sarcopenia and PEW with UPFs in the crude model. After adjusting for confounders, we observed a significantly higher odds of sarcopenia in the upper versus lower median of UPF intake (odds ratio (OR) = 3.59, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.02-12.62, P = 0.046). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a positive relationship between UPF intake and sarcopenia among CKD patients. Therefore, reducing the intake of UPFs may decrease the odds of sarcopenia in patients suffering from CKD.

Nursing students' metaphors of first clinical experiences of encountering patients with mental disorders.

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric wards are one of the most stressful medical centers. Apprenticeship in mental health can cause feelings of stress and anxiety among nursing students. Investigating nursing students' beliefs about mental illnesses is very important to improve nursing education. The present study aimed to identify nursing students' metaphors for their first clinical experiences of encountering patients with mental disorders. METHODS: This descriptive qualitative study was conducted on 18 undergraduate nursing students studying in two nursing colleges at Guilan University of Medical Sciences, in the north of Iran, in 2022. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using Critical Metaphor Analysis by the MAXQDA 2007 software. RESULTS: The analysis of nursing students' metaphors led to the emergence of 36 metaphors and 5 categories. These categories were "experience of dealing with a mental patient is similar to fear mixed with excitement", " patient is similar to an errant human", " psychiatric hospital is similar to a prison", "nurse is similar to a prison guard", and "clinical instructor is similar to a supporter, sympathetic and knowledgeable friend". CONCLUSIONS: The results showed their negative attitude towards the psychiatric hospital and health care providers. It is suggested that the findings of this study be taken into consideration in the planning of clinical education of nursing students.

Carbohydrate quality indices and colorectal cancer risk: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth and third most common cancer in Iran and the world, respectively. Carbohydrates can lead to the proliferation of cancer cells, including CRC. The current study aimed to investigate the association between glycemic load (GL), insulin load (IL), glycemic index (GI), insulin index (II), low-carbohydrate diet score (LCDS), and carbohydrate quality index (CQI) with CRC odds. METHODS: The present case-control study was performed on 71 CRC cases and 142 controls in the Hospital Cancer Organization and three general hospitals in Tehran, Iran. We calculated the dietary GI, GL, IL, II, CQI, and LCDS by a validated food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: The results indicated that people who were in the highest tertile of the GI had higher odds of CRC compared to the lower tertile (in the adjusted model: odds ratio (OR) = 3.89; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.71-8.84). On the contrary, people who were in the highest tertile of the CQI and LCDS had significantly lower odds of CRC compared to the lower tertile (in the adjusted model: tertile (T) 2-OR = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.11-0.53 and T3-OR = 0.15; 95% CI: 0.06-0.39 for CQI and T2-OR = 0.33; 95% CI: 0.13-0.79 and T3-OR = 0.28; 95% CI: 0.10-0.82 for LCDS). Also, IL was positively associated with the odds of CRC after adjusting for confounding factors (T2-OR = 2.46; CI: 1.08-5.61 and T3- OR = 2.80; 95% CI: 1.07-7.31). Regarding the GL, only individuals who were in the second tertile had significantly higher odds of CRC compared to the first tertile (OR = 2.42; CI: 1.07-5.47). CONCLUSION: According to the findings, it is recommended to use a diet with high-quality carbohydrates and low GI and GL to minimize the odds of developing CRC. People should also be encouraged to have a balanced carbohydrate intake.

Dietary quality index and the risk of breast cancer: a case-control study.

BACKGROUND: Diet quality is a significant determinant in the etiology of breast cancer (BrCa), but further studies are required to explore this relationship. Therefore, we tried to assess if diet quality, assessed using the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I), was related to BrCa among the Iranian population. METHODS: In the present case-control research, 134 women with a recent diagnosis of BrCa and 267 without BrCa were selected as case and control groups. Individual food intake data from a food frequency questionnaire was used to compute DQI-I. Also, the multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to evaluate the association between DQI-I and BrCa odds . RESULTS: We found a significant association between the last tertile of DQI-I and BrCa odds in the fully adjusted model (odds ratio (OR) = 0.30; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.15-0.56). The subgroup analysis based on menopausal status also showed a significant decrease in BrCa odds in pre-and post-menopausal women (pre-menopausal: OR = 0.27; 95% CI: 0.10-0.70 - post-menopausal status: OR = 0.35; 95% CI: 0.13-0.92). CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicated that a higher DQI-I score was related to a lower chance of BrCa. According to our research, a healthy diet pattern is crucial for BrCa prevention.

Mobile Health Applications in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review of the Reviews.

Background: Mobile health (m-Health) is a combination of electronic communications and medical information technology that has helped patients and health care workers during the COVID-19 outbreak. This study aimed to aggregate and highlight findings from existing review studies about applications of m-health to prevent COVID-19. Methods: This scoping review was conducted based on the Arksey and O'Malley framework after searching the PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases from March 2020 to February 2022. Keywords for the search included the English words "Mobile health";" mobile apps"; "corona disease"; "COVID-19"; and "review." Screening of articles was done in 4 stages. Results: Out of 37,569 papers found in the search, after the screening and review process, 22 articles were finally selected. From the analysis of the studies, 2 main categories emerged with the titles of "primary preventive applications" and "secondary preventive applications." Conclusion: M-health is used in both primary and secondary prevention. The m-health tools can be effective in controlling the spread of COVID-19 and improving the treatment process of this disease by providing various pieces of training related to COVID-19 as well as installing various programs to monitor the condition of patients. Also, m-Health can provide services through the exchange of treatment data between health care providers or between patients and health care providers, as well as provide appropriate training for the remote care needs of patients with COVID-19.

Does GD2 synthase (GD2S) detect cancer stem cells in blood samples of breast carcinomas?

INTRODUCTION: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a theorized subset of cells within the tumor that is thought to drive disease recurrence and metastatic spread. The aim of this study is to investigate mRNA and protein levels of ganglioside GD2 synthase (GD2S), in breast cancer (BC) patients. METHODS: 65 PBMCs of preoperative BC patients without chemotherapy were compared to PBMCs after chemotherapy and controls. RESULTS: GD2S were significantly higher in BC patients after chemotherapy compared to pre-chemotherapy at both mRNA and protein. GD2S was higher in pre-chemotherapy blood samples compared to control samples. CONCLUSIONS: Higher expression of GD2S in BC samples compared to healthy control indicates the potential utility of GD2S as a marker of malignancy.

Upregulation of Ganglioside GD2 Synthase (GD2S), as a New Putative Cancer Stem Cell Marker in Breast Carcinomas.

Background: GD2 synthase (GD2S) is the key enzyme required for ganglioside GD2 synthesis. It is commonly expressed in normal tissues and various cancers. Ganglioside GD2 is identified as a breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) marker that promotes tumorigenesis. As GD2S has been found to be a useful molecular marker in neuroblastoma and retinoblastoma tumors, we suggest that it can be considered as a suitable candidate for the detection of CSCs in breast cancer tissues. Methods: Expression of GD2S was examined in 65 breast tumors compared to adjacent normal tissues, applying quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The association between GD2S expression level and patients' clinical characteristics was also assessed. Results: Our findings showed that GD2S mRNA expression was significantly higher in breast cancer tissues in comparison to normal adjacent tissue samples (4.92-fold change, p<0.001) in advanced grades (p<0.001) and stages (p<0.001). It was also shown that GD2S protein expression was significantly higher in breast cancer tissues in comparison to normal adjacent tissues (4.86-fold change, p=0.010) in advanced grades (p=0.010), stages (p=0.005) and larger tumor size (p=0.002). Conclusion: The current study showed that increased expression of GD2S in advanced breast cancer potentiates it as a promising tumor marker in these patients.

Production and characterization of recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor and evaluation of anti-fertility effects of rabbit anti-rhLIF in Balb/c mice.

Human leukemia inhibitory factor (hLIF) is a cytokine of interleukin-6 family. This study aimed to evaluate the recombinant production rate of active hLIF by different vector-host systems under various conditions. Moreover, a rabbit polyclonal antibody (pAb) against recombinant hLIF (rhLIF) was produced and its anti-fertility effects were explored in Balb/c mice. Four different constructs including pET22b/hLIF, pET28b/hLIF, pET32b/hLIF and pColdI/hLIF were designed and transformed into BL21-(DE3), Rosetta-(DE3), Origami-(DE3) and Shuffle T7-(DE3) host cells. The expression level and proliferative effect of rhLIF were measured by SDS-PAGE and MTT assays, respectively. Rabbit pAb to rhLIF was produced and characterized using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and western blot techniques. The Balb/c mice were divided into two intervention and control groups. Then, they were intraperitoneally injected by purified rabbit anti-rhLIF and non-immunized rabbit pAb, respectively. After sacrifice on day 7, the number of implantation sites was counted. The rhLIF was successfully expressed by pET32b/hLIF and pColdI/hLIF vectors in all hosts with no significant difference in the rate of their expression. The rhLIF was purified and checked for activity. The results showed that it is functionally active and the produced anti-rhLIF pAb could specifically bind to commercial rhLIF. Passive immunization results showed that anti-rhLIF antibody completely inhibited fertility in all injected Balb/c mice compared to controls. Although previous studies showed expression of rhLIF using various methods, using different vector-host systems ensures us of successful biological active expression of it. The pAb against rhLIF could be a powerful tool for inducing in vivo infertility.

Applying Parse's Human Becoming Theory for Caring of an Elderly with Spontaneous Pneumothorax Following the COVID-19: A Case Study.

Introduction: The elderly are one of the main groups at risk of contracting COVID-19. Using Parse's human becoming in practice can lead to important changes in a person's health. This study aimed to apply this theory in caring of an elderly patient with spontaneous pneumothorax following COVID-19. Methods: This research was a case study which was conducted in 2023 in Guilan (Iran). This study was conducted based on the three principles of Parse's theory (meaning, rhythmicity, and transcendence) using Purposive sampling. Nursing interventions were performed based on the PRISM model (presence, respect, information, services, and movement). The data analysis was done based on the qualitative analysis-synthesis process of Parse's research methodology (2011). Results: Findings based on the first principle of Parse's theory showed that the meaning of COVID-19 changed from "lethal" to "curable disease". In the second principle, the paradoxes of "disbelief/shock-active participation for recovery", "despair-hope", and "ignorance- searching for knowledge" were identified. According to the third principle, the patient and her daughter had learned how to take the path of transcendence and deal with disease conflicts and create the necessary change in dealing with paradoxes. Conclusion: The results showed that Parse's theory could be used to improve health status and deal with paradoxes in elderly patients suffering from spontaneous pneumothorax. It is suggested that this theory will be used in future studies in the care of other patients.

The effects of nonsoy legumes consumption on serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers and Adiponectin in overweight/obese adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Nonsoy legumes offer many health benefits, including improved arterial function, reduced cholesterol levels, and better management of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to clarify the inconclusive findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) by comprehensively evaluating the effects of nonsoy legumes consumption on serum levels of inflammatory biomarkers and Adiponectin. The search encompassed databases up to January 2024, including PubMed, EMBASE, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL to retrieve all RCTs examining the effects of nonsoy legumes on inflammatory biomarkers or Adiponectin. The effect sizes quantified as mean differences (MD) and standard deviations (SD) of outcomes, and an overall effect estimate was derived using a random-effects model. RCTs examining serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α), Interleukin-1ß (IL-1ß), and Adiponectin were included in the final meta-analysis. Results revealed that consumption of nonsoy legumes increased Adiponectin serum levels (P=.0017) and reduced IL-1ß serum levels (P<.0001). However, it may not significantly affect CRP (P=.2951), IL-6 (P=.2286), and TNF-α (P=.6661) levels. Subgroup analyses showed that nonsoy legumes consumption significantly decreased TNF-α serum levels in studies involving healthy participants. Additionally, sensitivity analysis using the leave-one-out method suggested a potential significant reduction in serum levels of IL-6. This study indicates that consuming nonsoy legumes can increase levels of Adiponectin and decrease serum levels of IL-1ß in overweight or obese adults.

Testicular mass with macrocalcification and osseous metaplasia: A case report.

Testicular calcification is caused by calcium deposits of the testis in men with controversial and unknown etiology. Calcifications with a size >3 mm are considered as macrocalcifications. Calcifications are the result of high local calcium concentrations in many tissues. Ultrasonography is the gold standard imaging tool for testis investigation. We report a 28-year-old man who presented with left testicular pain and an inguinal hernia from 1 year ago. The ultrasonography demonstrated a hypoechoic calcified region size of 12 × 18 mm. The tumor markers were negative. After radical orchiectomy, the histopathology showed testicular calcification with benign osseous metaplasia. Calcification within a testis is found incidentally using ultrasonography since it may be misdiagnosed as a small benign or malignant mass.

Upper- vs. Whole-Body Cooling During Exercise with Thermal Protective Clothing in the Heat.

INTRODUCTION: Firefighters operating in hot environments face challenges from protective garments that restrict heat dissipation, resulting in increased core temperature, thermal discomfort, and performance decline. Cooling vests represent a viable solution. The study aim was to compare effectiveness of the same amount of cooling power to the upper body (UB) or whole body (WB) in alleviating thermoregulatory and physiological stress, enhancing cognitive function, and reducing ratings of thermal discomfort and exertion, during 60 min of exercise in a hot environment (40°C, 40% relative humidity) while wearing firefighter turnout gear.METHODS: Eight healthy individuals (27.5 ± 3 y) participated in three conditions with either no cooling (Control) or active cooling with a liquid perfused shirt (UB cooling), or with a liquid perfused shirt and pants (WB cooling). In each trial, subjects performed three sets of 15 min of stepping (20 steps ⋅ min-1) and 5 min of rest.RESULTS: Both cooling strategies were beneficial compared to having no cooling at all. Subjects could only complete two exercise bouts during Control, but they completed all three bouts with active cooling. WB cooling provided an advantage over UB cooling for core and skin temperature, and thermal comfort and sensation. The advantage in minimizing the increase in core temperature was only evident during the third exercise bout.DISCUSSION: Active cooling is advantageous under these conditions. WB cooling provided some benefits vs UB cooling during heavy intensity exercise; however, it is uncertain whether these benefits would be observed during light-to-moderate exercise, which more likely reflects an actual firefighting scenario.Mansouri F, Talebian Nia M, Villar R, Cornish SM, Giesbrecht GG. Upper- vs. whole-body cooling during exercise with thermal protective clothing in the heat. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(9):659-666.

Association between pro-vegetarian dietary pattern and the risk of protein-energy wasting and sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by structural abnormalities in nephrons, loss of functional nephrons, and impaired renal excretory function. A pro-vegetarian dietary pattern (PDP) is a gradual and progressive approach to vegetarianism. The current study aimed to assess the association between PDP and the odds of protein-energy wasting (PEW) and sarcopenia in patients with CKD. METHODS: The present cross-sectional study was conducted on kidney disease patients (n = 109) referred to two clinics in Shiraz, Iran. The diagnosis of sarcopenia and PEW was made according to the guidelines of the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) and the International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM) criteria, respectively. The participants' dietary intake was evaluated using a 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). For PDP index calculation, plant and animal food sources were categorized into 12 subgroups. The association between sarcopenia and PEW with PDP was evaluated using logistic regression. RESULTS: The PDP was significantly associated with a lower risk of PEW in the second tertile compared to the first in the crude model (odds ratio (OR) = 0.225; confidence interval (CI): 0.055-0.915; p-value = 0.037). After adjusting for potential confounders, lower significant odds of PEW were observed in the second and last tertiles of PDP compared to the first (T2: OR = 0.194; CI: 0.039-0.962; p-value = 0.045, and T3: OR = 0.168; CI: 0.030-0.950; p-value = 0.044). In contrast, no significant relationship was observed between PDP and the odds of sarcopenia (p-value ˃ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Overall, the findings indicated that greater adherence to PDP was negatively associated with the odds of PEW. Additionally, the results showed no association between PDP and the odds of sarcopenia. Further studies are needed to support these findings.

Dietary inflammatory index could increase the risk of sarcopenia in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Using a system that incorporates a variety of food items rather than focusing on individual components can aid in assessing the inflammatory effects of a diet on disease outcomes such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Therefore, we decided to investigate the association between dietary inflammatory index (DII) and the risk of protein-energy wasting (PEW) and sarcopenia in patients with CKD. In this cross-sectional study, 109 patients with CKD were selected from two clinics in Shiraz, Iran. The intake of individuals' diets was recorded using a validated 168-item food frequency questionnaire. Additionally, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS) guidelines were utilized to evaluate muscles' strength, mass, and function. Also, four International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism (ISRNM) criteria (body mass index, intake of protein, albumin, and urine creatinine) were used  to diagnose PEW. Logistic regression was used to assess the association between DII and sarcopenia as well as PEW. The results showed that the intake of saturated fatty acids, trans fatty acids, niacin, beta-carotene, and vitamin C was significantly different between lower and higher DII groups. In the univariate model, higher odds of sarcopenia was observed by each unit increase in DII (odds ratio (OR) = 1.379, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.042-1.824) and age (OR = 1.073, 95% CI: 1.017-1.132). Additionally, in the multivariate model, the association between DII and age with odds of sarcopenia remained significant (DII: OR = 1.379, 95% CI: 1.030-1.846 and age: OR = 1.063, 95% CI: 1.007-1.121). The current study suggests the possible role of pro-inflammatory foods in worsening muscle health, specifically sarcopenia, in CKD patients. Future longitudinal studies may reveal the causative nature of these correlations.

Alterations in CD4+ T Cell Cytokines Profile in Female Patients with Hashimoto's Thyroiditis Following Vitamin D Supplementation: A Double-blind, Randomized Clinical Trial.

BACKGROUND: Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the destruction of thyroid cells through immune processes involving T helper (Th)1 cytokines. This clinical trial investigates the impact of vitamin D supplementation on serum cytokine levels and gene expression in CD4+ T cells from HT patients, aiming to understand its effects on Th-1, Th-2, Th-17, and regulatory T (Treg) cell-associated factors. METHODS: Female patients were randomly assigned in a double-blind design to either a vitamin D-supplemented group, which received cholecalciferol (1, 25(OH)2D3) at a dose of 50,000 IU, or the placebo group, which received a weekly placebo for a duration of three months. Serum cytokine levels were assessed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), while genes' expression levels were measured using real-time PCR. RESULTS: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and levels exhibited a significant increase following vitamin D supplementation, in comparison to the placebo group. Additionally, the vitamin D supplementation resulted in a significant elevation of serum calcium (Ca) levels compared to baseline. In the vitamin D group, there was a significant decrease in both serum levels and expression of the interleukin (IL)-17 gene when compared to baseline, although no statistical difference was observed between the placebo and vitamin D groups. The gene expression of transforming growth factor-beta (TGFß) was significantly increased in the vitamin D group compared to baseline, with no significant difference between the two study groups. Vitamin D treatment had no effect on serum levels of interferon-gamma (IFNϒ) and IL-4. While the gene expression of IL-4 in the vitamin D group did not exhibit a statistically significant increase, the level of GATA3 transcription factor increased significantly when compared to the placebo group. The expression of IFNϒ and transcription factors, T-bet, RORc, and forkhead box protein 3 (FOXP3) in genes did not show significant changes following vitamin D supplementation. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that vitamin D supplementation may hold potential benefits for autoimmune diseases, such as HT. However, further longitudinal clinical trials are necessary to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the specific effects of vitamin D on HT.

Immunoregulatory Effects of the Active Form of Vitamin D (Calcitriol), Individually and in Combination with Curcumin, on Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells (PBMCs) of Multiple Sclerosis (MS) Patients.

OBJECTIVES: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease affecting the central nervous system. Immune cell subsets, notably T helper (Th) 17 and Th1, exert important roles in MS pathogenesis. Whereas, Treg cells modulate the disease process. Calcitriol, the active form of vitamin D, and curcumin, a bioactive compound derived from turmeric, play immunomodulatory effects relevant to autoimmune disorders, including MS. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of calcitriol and Curcumin on Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of individuals with MS. METHODS: PBMCs from twenty MS patients were isolated, cultured, and exposed to 0.004 µg/mL of calcitriol and 10 µg/mL of curcumin. The cells underwent treatment with singular or combined doses of these components to assess potential cumulative or synergistic immunomodulatory effects. Following treatment, the expression levels of genes and the cellular population of Treg, Th1 and Th17 were evaluated using Real-time PCR and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Treatment with curcumin and calcitriol led to a significant reduction in the expression levels of inflammatory cytokines and transcription factors related to Th1 and Th17 cells, including IFN-γ, T-bet, IL-17, and RORC. Furthermore, the frequency of these cells decreased following treatment. Additionally, curcumin and calcitriol treatment resulted in a significant upregulation of the FOXP3 gene expression and an increase in the frequency of Treg cells. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates that curcumin and calcitriol can effectively modulate the inflammatory processes intrinsic to MS by mitigating the expression of inflammatory cytokines by Th1 and Th17 cells while concurrently enhancing the regulatory role of Treg cells. Moreover, the combined treatment of curcumin and calcitriol did not yield superior outcomes compared to single-dosing strategies.

Relationship between long non-coding RNAs and Hippo signaling pathway in gastrointestinal cancers; molecular mechanisms and clinical significance.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a significant biological role in the regulation of various cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and migration. In various malignancies, lncRNAs interplay with some main cancer-associated signaling pathways, including the Hippo signaling pathway to regulate the various cellular processes. It has been revealed that the cross-talking between lncRNAs and Hippo signaling pathway involves in gastrointestinal (GI) cancers development and progression. Considering the clinical significance of these lncRNAs, they have also been introduced as potential biomarkers in diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic strategies in GI cancers. Herein, we review the mechanisms of lncRNA-mediated regulation of Hippo signaling pathway and focus on the corresponding molecular mechanisms and clinical significance of these non-coding RNAs in GI cancers.

Human sperm parameter improvement associated with Ceratonia siliqua extract as a cryopreservation supplement after vitrification.

OBJECTIVE: Given the destructive effects of oxidative stress on sperm structure, this study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant effects of different concentrations of Ceratonia siliqua plant extract on human sperm parameters after the freezing-thawing process. METHODS: A total of 20 normozoospermic samples were frozen. Each sample was divided into two control groups (fresh and cryopreservation) and three cryopreservation experimental groups (containing C. siliqua extract at concentrations of 20, 30, and 40 µg/mL in the freezing extender). Motility, intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), plasma membrane integrity (PMI), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), viability, and acrosome reaction parameters were evaluated. RESULTS: Statistical analysis showed that the highest motility, viability, and PMI were associated with the 20 µg/mL concentration of C. siliqua extract. At all concentrations, intracellular ROS levels were significantly lower and the levels of MMP and the acrosome reaction were significantly higher than in the cryopreservation control group (p≤0.05). CONCLUSION: C. siliqua extract supplements at concentrations of 20, 30, and 40 µg/mL improved sperm motility, viability, PMI, MMP, intracellular ROS, and the acrosome reaction.

The c.1243T>C mutation in the PROC gene is linked with inherited protein C deficiency and severe purpura fulminans.

Purpura fulminans is a severe coagulation disorder that often leads to death in neonates. Mutations in the protein C (PROC) gene can cause protein C deficiency, leading to this disorder. This study aimed to investigate a family with a history of coagulopathies, particularly those related to protein C deficiency. The primary objective was to identify any genetic mutations in the PROC gene responsible for the coagulopathies. The study focused on a male neonate with purpura fulminans who ultimately died at 2 months of age. The patient had low protein C activity levels (6%). The entire PROC gene of the patient and his family was analyzed using next-generation sequencing to identify any genetic mutations. Segregation analysis was conducted to determine if the mutation followed an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern. In silico analysis was also conducted to evaluate the pathogenicity of the identified mutation. Analysis revealed a novel homozygous c.1243T>G variant PROC gene. The mutation resulted in a Phe415Val substitution. The mutation was found in at least three generations of the family. Carrier family members had lower protein C activity levels than wild-type homozygotes. Additionally, the mutation may account for the observed reduction in protein C enzyme activity.