Cannabidiol for musculoskeletal regenerative medicine.

Chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain is one of the most prevalent causes, which lead patients to a physician's office. The most common disorders affecting MSK structures are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, back pain, and myofascial pain syndrome, which are all responsible for major pain and physical disability. Although there are many known management strategies currently in practice, phytotherapeutic compounds have recently begun to rise in the medical community, especially cannabidiol (CBD). This natural, non-intoxicating molecule derived from the cannabis plant has shown interesting results in many preclinical studies and some clinical settings. CBD plays vital roles in human health that go well beyond the classic immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive properties. Recent studies demonstrated that CBD also improves cell proliferation and migration, especially in mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The foremost objective of this review article is to discuss the therapeutic potential of CBD in the context of MSK regenerative medicine. Numerous studies listed in the literature indicate that CBD possesses a significant capacity to modulate mammalian tissue to attenuate and reverse the notorious hallmarks of chronic musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The most of the research included in this review report common findings like immunomodulation and stimulation of cell activity associated with tissue regeneration, especially in human MSCs. CBD is considered safe and well tolerated as no serious adverse effects were reported. CBD promotes many positive effects which can manage detrimental alterations brought on by chronic MSDs. Since the application of CBD for MSK health is still undergoing expansion, additional randomized clinical trials are warranted to further clarify its efficacy and to understand its cellular mechanisms.

Bone marrow aspirate clot: A feasible orthobiologic.

Musculoskeletal disorders are one of the major health burdens and a leading source of disability worldwide, affecting both juvenile and elderly populations either as a consequence of ageing or extrinsic factors such as physical injuries. This condition often involves a group of locomotor structures such as the bones, joints and muscles and may therefore cause significant economic and emotional impact. Some pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments have been considered as potential solutions, however, these alternatives have provided quite limited efficacy due to the short-term effect on pain management and inability to restore damaged tissue. The emergence of novel therapeutic alternatives such as the application of orthobiologics, particularly bone marrow aspirate (BMA) clot, have bestowed medical experts with considerable optimism as evidenced by the significant results found in numerous studies addressed in this manuscript. Although other products have been proposed for the treatment of musculoskeletal injuries, the peculiar interest in BMA, fibrin clot and associated fibrinolytic mechanisms continues to expand. BMA is a rich source of various cellular and molecular components which have demonstrated positive effects on tissue regeneration in many in vitro and in vivo models of musculoskeletal injuries. In addition to being able to undergo self-renewal and differentiation, the hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells present in this orthobiologic elicit key immunomodulatory and paracrine roles in inflammatory responses in tissue injury and drive the coagulation cascade towards tissue repair via different mechanisms. Although promising, these complex regenerative mechanisms have not yet been fully elucidated.