RESUMEN
Environmental conditions are an important factor driving pathogens' evolution. Here, we explore the effects of drought stress in plant virus evolution. We evolved turnip mosaic potyvirus in well-watered and drought conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana accessions that differ in their response to virus infection. Virus adaptation occurred in all accessions independently of watering status. Drought-evolved viruses conferred a significantly higher drought tolerance to infected plants. By contrast, nonsignificant increases in tolerance were observed in plants infected with viruses evolved under standard watering. The magnitude of this effect was dependent on the plant accessions. Differences in tolerance were correlated to alterations in the expression of host genes, some involved in regulation of the circadian clock, as well as in deep changes in the balance of phytohormones regulating defense and growth signaling pathways. Our results show that viruses can promote host survival in situations of abiotic stress, with the magnitude of such benefit being a selectable trait.
Asunto(s)
Arabidopsis/genética , Interacciones Huésped-Patógeno/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/genética , Virus de Plantas/genética , Simbiosis/genética , Adaptación Fisiológica , Arabidopsis/virología , Brassica napus/genética , Brassica napus/virología , Sequías , Evolución Molecular , Regulación de la Expresión Génica de las Plantas/genética , Enfermedades de las Plantas/virología , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/genética , Virus de Plantas/patogenicidad , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/virología , Potyvirus/genética , Potyvirus/patogenicidad , Estrés Fisiológico/genéticaRESUMEN
The engineering of chemical communication at the micro/nanoscale is a key emergent topic in micro/nanotechnology, synthetic biology, and related areas. However, the field is still in its infancy; previous advances, although scarce, have mainly focused on communication between abiotic micro/nanosystems or between microvesicles and living cells. Here, we have implemented a nanoprogrammed cross-kingdom communication involving two different microorganisms and tailor-made nanodevices acting as "nanotranslators". Information flows from the sender cells (bacteria) to the nanodevice and from the nanodevice to receiver cells (yeasts) in a hierarchical way, allowing communication between two microorganisms that otherwise would not interact.