A Digital Image Correlation Analysis of Strain Generated by 3-Unit Implant-Supported Fixed Dental Prosthesis: An In Vitro Study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the influence of different veneering materials (porcelain and resin) and implants (short and conventional) in the strain distribution of implant-supported splinted fixed partial dentures (FPDs) using digital image correlation (DIC). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four polyurethane models were fabricated with resin replicas (first premolar) and short and/or conventional implants replacing the second premolar and first and second molars, according to the following configurations: G1, 2 conventional (second premolar and first molar) and 1 short (second molar) implant; G2, 1 conventional (second premolar) and 2 short (first and second molar) implants; G3, 3 short implants; G4, 3 conventional implants. Porcelain- and resin-veneered splinted FPDs were screwed to the implant abutments. The DIC system was used to calculate strains during application of occlusal load (250 N). RESULTS: Porcelain- and resin-veneered showed similar strain distribution for all groups (P > 0.05). Concentration of compressive strains was higher in G3P and G3R with maximum compressive strains of -1271.50 and -1026.88 µs, respectively. G4 transferred the best strain distribution (porcelain, -275.14 µs; resin, -254.44 µs), followed by G2 (porcelain, -306.79 µs; resin, -310.63 µs). CONCLUSION: The veneering material used did not influence the strain distribution. In addition, conventional implants generate less strain concentration, although the combination of 2 short and 1 conventional implant seems to be a viable plan.

In vitro digital image correlation analysis of the strain transferred by screw-retained fixed partial dentures supported by short and conventional implants.

PURPOSE: This study used digital image correlation (DIC) to evaluate the strain transferred by splinted and non-splinted screw-retained fixed partial dentures (FPDs) supported by short and conventional implants. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Four polyurethane models were fabricated to simulate half of the mandibular arch with acrylic resin replicas of the first premolar. Short (5 mm) and/or conventional (11 mm) implants replaced the second premolar and the first and second molars. Groups were: G1, two conventional (second premolar and first molar) and one short (second molar) implant; G2, one conventional (second premolar) and two short (first and second molar) implants; G3, three short implants; and G4, three conventional implants. Splinted (S) and non-splinted (NS) FPDs were screwed to the implant abutments. Occlusal load and a single point load on the second premolar, both of 250 N, were applied. Strain in the horizontal direction (Ɛxx) was calculated and compared using the DIC software. RESULTS: Splinted crowns presented the highest strain magnitudes of all tested groups (p < 0.05). The strain was concentrated near the short implants and presented a higher magnitude compared to conventional implants, especially in G2S (-560.13 µS), G3S (-372.97 µS), and G4S (-356.67 µS). CONCLUSIONS: Splinted crowns presented a higher strain concentration around the implants, particularly near the implant replacing the first molar. A combination of short and conventional implants seems to be a viable alternative for the rehabilitation of the posterior edentulous mandible with reduced bone height.

Abrasion resistance of composites polymerized by light-emitting diodes (LED) and halogen light-curing units.

This study compared the abrasion resistance of direct composite resins cured by light-emitting diodes (LED) and halogen light-curing units. Twenty specimens (12 mm in diameter; 1.0 mm thick) of each composite resin [TPH (Dentsply); Definite (Degussa); Charisma (Heraus Kulzer)] were prepared using a polytetrafluoroethylene matrix. Ten specimens per material were cured with the LED source and 10 with the halogen lamp for 40 s. The resin discs were polished, submitted to initial surface roughness reading (Ra initial - microm) in a roughness tester and stored in water at 37 degrees C for 15 days. The specimens were weighed (M1) and submitted to simulated toothbrushing using slurry of water and dentifrice with high abrasiveness. After 100 minutes in the toothbrushing simulator, the specimens were cleaned, submitted to a new surface roughness reading (Ra final - microm) and reweighed (M2). Mass loss was determined as the difference between M1 and M2. Data were recorded and analyzed statistically by one-way ANOVA and Tukey Test at 5% significance level. The composite resin with greater size of inorganic fillers (TPH) showed the lowest mass loss and surface roughness means, indicating a higher resistance to toothbrush abrasion (p<0.05). Definite cured with LED presented the least resistance to toothbrush abrasion, showing the highest means of surface roughness and mass loss (p<0.05). The LED source did not show the same effectiveness as the halogen lamp for polymerizing this specific composite resin. When the composite resins were cured a halogen LCU, no statistically significant difference was observed among the materials (p>0.05). It may be concluded that the type of light-curing unit and the resin composition seemed to interfere with the materials' resistance to abrasion.

Impact of excess cement removal on vertical misfit and cement line quality in onlays / Impacto da remoção do excesso de cimento sobre desadaptação e qualidade da linha de cimento em onlays

Aim: To evaluate vertical misfit and cement line quality of onlays cemented with resin luting cements using two different methods for removal of excess cement. Materials & Methods: Lithium di-silicate restorations were fabricated and cemented at 24 human molars that received onlay type preparations. The specimens were randomly divided in two groups (n = 12): Group 1 (G1) where cement excess was removed at pre-gel stage and Group 2 (G2) with cement excess was removed after polymerization. Vertical misfits measurements at cement line were performed twice, before and after cementation. Epoxy resin replicas were obtained from the specimens and cement line quality was analyzed with a scanning electron microscope before and after the finishing and polishing procedures. The replicas were also classified according to their condition in unsatisfactory, acceptable or good. Vertical misfits values were submitted to Student test (p < 0.05) and the quality line data were analyzed with Mann-Whitney for independent samples (p < 0.05) and Wilcoxon test for paired specimens (p < 0.05). Results: Vertical misfit and cement line quality presented no difference values to G1 (26.60 ± 8.0) and G2 (24.10 ± 8.0). However, finishing and polishing procedures affect positively the cement line quality in both groups (p = 0.59). Conclusion: The cement excess removal methods had no influence on vertical misfit and cement line quality for restorations. Finishing and polishing procedures improved the cement line quality in both groups.

Objetivo: Avaliar adaptação marginal e a influência do polimento sobre a linha de cimentação de restaurações cerâmicas cimentadas com cimento resinoso utilizando duas formas dois métodos de remoção do excesso do cimento. Métodos: Foram fabricadas restaurações em cerâmica reforçada por dissilicato de Lítio e cimentadas à vinte e quatro molares humanos que receberam preparos protéticos tipo onlay. Os corpos de prova foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos (n = 12): Grupo 1 (G1) em que o excesso de cimento foi removido no estágio pré-gel e Grupo 2 (G2) em que o excesso de cimento foi removido após a polimerização. A mensuração da desadaptação marginal foi realizadas em dois momentos, antes e depois da cimentação. Réplicas em resina epóxi de todos os corpos de prova foram confeccionadas para avaliação da qualidade da linha de cimentação utilizando um microscópio eletrônico de varredura antes de depois dos procedimentos de acabamento e polimento e classificado como insatisfatório, aceitável e boas condições. Os valores de desadaptação foram submetidos ao teste t de Student (p < 0,05) e os dados de qualidade da linha de cimentação foram analisados pelo teste de Mann-Whitney para amostras independentes (p < 0,05) e pelo teste de Wilcoxon para amostras pareadas (p < 0,05). Resultados: A desadaptação marginal e a qualidade da linha de cimentação não apresentaram diferença significativa G1 (26,60 ± 8,0) e G2 (24,10 ± 8,0). Entretanto, os procedimentos de acabamento e polimento influenciaram positivamente a qualidade da linha de cimentação em ambos grupos (p = 0,59). Conclusão: O método de remoção do excesso de cimento não influenciou a adaptação ou a qualidade da linha de cimentação das restaurações cerâmicas. Os procedimentos de acabamento e polimento melhoraram a qualidade da linha de cimento nos dois grupo

A influência do clareamento dental na resistência de união na interface resina-esmalte / The influence of tooth bleaching on the bond strength of resin-enamel interdaces

Redução na resistência de união depois de clareamento tem sido publicado, contudo, o efeito do clareamento na resistência de união com o esmalte utilizando adesivos de três passos que incluem aplicação de ácido fosfórico não tem sido amplamente reportada. Esse trabalho avaliou a influência do clareamento dental na adesividade de restaurações de resina composta em esmalte. Incisivos bovinos foram submetidos ao clareamento com peróxido de carbamida (PC) a 37% e peróxido de hidrogênio (PH) a 35%, obtidos em farmácia de manipulação. Em seguida os dentes foram fixados em anéis de PVC, recebendo um cilindro de resina composta com 3mm de altura e 5mm de diâmetro na face vestibular. Utilizou-se o adesivo Scotchbond Multipurpose 3M e a resina composta Z100 - 3M. Uma fita de aço envolveu o cilindro de resina sob cisalhamento com velocidade de 0,5mm por minuto e célula de carga de 50kgf. Foram obtidos os seguintes resultados: Grupos controles restaurados sem clareamento: PHS:8,52MPa; PCS:8,30MPa. Imediatamente após o clareamento PHI:3,15MPa;PCI:4,10MPa. Após 24 horas PH24:5,68MPa; PC24:7,38MPa. Após 48 horas PH48:7,69MPa; PC48:6,93MPa. Após 7 dias PH7D:8,60MPa; PC7D:7,24MPa. Após 15 dias PH15D:7,36MPa; PC15D:9,08MPa. Após 21 dias PH21D:7,92MPa; PC21D:7,62MPa. Após aplicar o teste de Tukey (p<0,05), os subgrupos PHI, PH24, PCI apresentaram valores estatisticamente inferiores aos demais, o que implica um tempo necessário mínimo entre o clareamento e a restauração de resina composta, de 48 horas para PH (35%) e de 24 horas para PC (37%)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of bleaching on the shear bond strength between a composite resin and enamel. One hundred forty bovine teeth were assigned according to the bleaching material used: 37% Carbamide peroxide (PC) and 35% hydrogen peroxide (PH), both obtained in a compounding pharmacy. Within each material, the teeth were divided in 7 groups (n=10 ) according with the time between bleaching and restoration: group 1 - control without bleaching; group 2 - immediately after bleaching; group 3 - twenty four hours; group 4 - forty eight hours; group 5 - seven days; group 6 - fifteen days and group 7 - twenty one days. The teeth were embedded with auto polymerizing acrylic resin in polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubes. The adhesive system (Scotchbond Multipurpose-3M) was applied, and a cylinder of composite resin (Z100-3M) with 3 mm of height and 5 mm in diameter was bonded on each tooth labial surface. The shear bond strength test was performed in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min using a load cell of 50kgf. Data were analyzed with 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test. Results: group 1: PH- 8.52MPa, PC- 8.30MPa; group 2: PH- 3.15MPa, PC-4.10MPa; group 3: PH-5.68MPa, PC-7.38MPa. Group 4: PH-7.69MPa, PC-6.93MPa; Group 5: PH-8.60MPa, PC-7.24MPa; Group 6: PH-7.36MPa, PC-9.08MPa and group 7: PH-7.92MPa, PC-7.62MPa. The data showed that a delay in bonding procedures is recommended. A minimum time to perform the restoration after bleaching withPH (35%) is 48 hours and withPC (37%) 24 hours

Abrasion resistance of composites polymerized by light-emitting diodes (LED) and halogen light-curing units

O trabalho comparou a perda de massa e a rugosidade superficial de materiais restauradores diretos polimerizados por luz halógena e por diodo emissor de luz (LED). A partir de uma matriz de politetrafluoretileno, foram confeccionados 20 corpos-de-prova (12 mm de diâmetro; 1,0 mm de espessura) para cada material restaurador [TPH (Dentsply); Definite (Degussa); Charisma (Heraus Kulzer)], sendo 10 espécimes polimerizados por LED e 10 polimerizados por luz halógena durante 40 s. Os corpos-de-prova foram polidos, levados ao rugosímetro para análise da rugosidade superficial (Ra inicial - mm) e armazenados em água a 37°C por 15 dias. Os corpos-de-prova foram pesados (M1) e submetidos a escovação simulada com suspensão preparada com dentifrício de alta abrasividade. Após 100 minutos no simulador de escovação, os espécimes foram limpos e tiveram o peso (M2) e rugosidade superficial (Ra final - mm) aferidos novamente. A perda de massa foi calculada pela diferença entre M1 e M2. Os dados foram registrados e analisados por meio de ANOVA a um critério e teste de Tukey para diferenciação das médias com nível de significância de 5%. Os resultados demonstraram que a resina Definite foi o material que apresentou menor resistência à abrasão quando polimerizada com luz LED, apresentando maiores valores de rugosidade superficial e perda de massa (p<0.05). Quando utilizada a lâmpada halógena, os valores não mostraram diferença estatisticamente significante entre si (p>0.05). O LED não mostrou a mesma eficiência que a lâmpada halógena para polimerização desta resina especificamente. Pode-se concluir que a unidade de luz fotopolimerizadora e a composição das resinas compostas interferiram na resistência à abrasão dos materiais restauradores testados.