RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) is a naturally occurring lentivirus that infects cats. The primary mode of transmission occurs through bite wounds, and other routes are difficult to observe in nature. FINDINGS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate FIV transmission from queen to kitten in a colony of naturally infected stray cats. With this aim, a queen was monitored over a period of three years. A blood sample was taken to amplify and sequence gag, pol and env regions of the virus from the queen, two kittens and other cats from the colony. CONCLUSION: Phylogenetic analysis showed evidence of queen to kitten transmission.
Asunto(s)
Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Felino/transmisión , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/fisiología , Transmisión Vertical de Enfermedad Infecciosa/veterinaria , Animales , Gatos , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Felino/virología , Femenino , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/clasificación , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/genética , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Felina/aislamiento & purificación , Masculino , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Linaje , Filogenia , Embarazo , Proteínas de los Retroviridae/genéticaRESUMEN
Mutations located in the 109-amino acid fragment of NS5B are typically associated with resistance to interferon (IFN) and ribavirin (RIB) and to new antiviral drugs. The prevalence of these mutations was examined in 69 drug-naïve individuals with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mutations related to non-response to IFN/RIB were observed in all subtypes studied (1a, 1b, 2b, 3a and 4). The most common mutation was Q309R, present in all subtypes, except subtype 2b with frequency above 20%. D244N was detected only in subtype 3a and A333E was detected only in subtype 2b. We did not detect the S282T, S326G or T329I mutations in any of the samples analysed. Of note, the C316N mutation, previously related to a new non-nucleoside compound (HCV796 and AG-021541), was observed in only eight of 33 (24%) samples from subtype 1b. Site 316 was under positive selection in this HCV variant. Our data highlight the presence of previously described resistance mutations in HCV genotypes from drug-naïve patients.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Viral/genética , Hepacivirus/genética , Hepatitis C/virología , Interferones/farmacología , Ribavirina/farmacología , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antivirales/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Genotipo , Hepacivirus/efectos de los fármacos , Hepatitis C/tratamiento farmacológico , Humanos , Interferones/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mutación/genética , Filogenia , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Ribavirina/uso terapéutico , Alineación de SecuenciaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the polymorphisms and resistance mutations in gp41 HR1 region of HIV-1. METHODS: The study included 28 HIV-positive patients undergoing enfuvirtide (ENF) treatment or not from Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul state, and Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro state, between 2006 and 2009. Resistance mutations and polymorphisms of the gp41 HR1 region were detected using the genomic DNA of 12 ENF-untreated patients and 16 patients in ENF treatment, encompassing subtypes B, C, and F1. Sample subtypes were determined by neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis with a Kimura's two-parameter correction. RESULTS: A high prevalence of polymorphisms unrelated to resistance was observed. Among ENF-untreated patients, 16% showed mutations related with resistance. Among patients in ENF treatment, 50% had resistance-related mutations. Overall, 17% of all isolates showed the N42S polymorphism related to ENF hypersusceptibility. The presence of ENF resistance mutations in the group of treated patients reduced viral load. The V38A substitution was the most frequent among treatment-experienced patients followed by the G36D/E, N42D, and V38M substitutions. CONCLUSIONS: The V38A substitution in the gp41 HR region was the most common resistance mutation among ENF-treated patients and was associated with increased viral load.
Asunto(s)
Fármacos Anti-VIH/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Viral , Proteína gp41 de Envoltorio del VIH/genética , Proteína gp41 de Envoltorio del VIH/farmacología , Infecciones por VIH/virología , VIH-1/genética , Fragmentos de Péptidos/farmacología , Polimorfismo Genético , Sustitución de Aminoácidos/genética , Fármacos Anti-VIH/uso terapéutico , Análisis por Conglomerados , Enfuvirtida , Genotipo , Proteína gp41 de Envoltorio del VIH/uso terapéutico , Infecciones por VIH/tratamiento farmacológico , VIH-1/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutación Missense , Fragmentos de Péptidos/uso terapéutico , Filogenia , Análisis de Secuencia de ADNRESUMEN
The determination of the prevalence of primary resistance to antiretroviral therapy in different places of the world is of extreme importance in molecular epidemiology monitoring, and it can guide the initial patient therapy in a given geographical area. The frequency of drug resistance mutations (DRM) and the genetic variability of HIV-1 isolates from newly diagnosed HIV-infected pregnant women attending the antenatal clinics of the Lucrecia Paim and Augusto N'Gangula maternities, Luanda-Angola, were determined. Thirty five out of 57 samples (61.4%) were sequenced and one mutation associated with resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors was detected. Additionally, two mutations associated with resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors were also detected. No primary mutations associated with protease inhibitors (PI) were found. Subtypes A1, C, D, F1, G, H, CRF 13, CRF 37, and other mosaics were detected.
Asunto(s)
Antirretrovirales/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Viral , Variación Genética , Infecciones por VIH/virología , VIH-1/efectos de los fármacos , Complicaciones Infecciosas del Embarazo/virología , ARN Viral/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Angola , Análisis por Conglomerados , Femenino , Genotipo , Infecciones por VIH/diagnóstico , VIH-1/clasificación , VIH-1/genética , VIH-1/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Mutación Missense , Embarazo , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Homología de Secuencia , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Mutations located in the 109-amino acid fragment of NS5B are typically associated with resistance to interferon (IFN) and ribavirin (RIB) and to new antiviral drugs. The prevalence of these mutations was examined in 69 drug-naïve individuals with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mutations related to non-response to IFN/RIB were observed in all subtypes studied (1a, 1b, 2b, 3a and 4). The most common mutation was Q309R, present in all subtypes, except subtype 2b with frequency above 20 percent. D244N was detected only in subtype 3a and A333E was detected only in subtype 2b. We did not detect the S282T, S326G or T329I mutations in any of the samples analysed. Of note, the C316N mutation, previously related to a new non-nucleoside compound (HCV796 and AG-021541), was observed in only eight of 33 (24 percent) samples from subtype 1b. Site 316 was under positive selection in this HCV variant. Our data highlight the presence of previously described resistance mutations in HCV genotypes from drug-naïve patients.