RESUMEN
The new coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is known to be also shed through feces, which makes wastewater-based surveillance possible, independent of symptomatic cases and unbiased by any testing strategies and frequencies. We investigated the entire population of the Principality of Liechtenstein with samples from the wastewater treatment plant Bendern (serving all 39,000 inhabitants). Twenty-four-hour composite samples were taken once or twice a week over a period of 6 months from September 2020 to March 2021. Viral RNA was concentrated using the PEG centrifugation method followed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR. The aim of this research was to assess the suitability of SARS-CoV-2 fragments to relate the viral wastewater signal to the incidences and assess the impact of the emerging B.1.1.7. variant. The viral load in the wastewater peaked at almost 9 × 108 viral fragments per person equivalent (PE) and day on October 25, and showed a second peak on December 22 reaching a viral load of approximately 2 × 108 PE-1d-1. Individual testing showed a lag of 4 days and a distinct underestimation of cases at the first peak when testing frequency was low. The wastewater signal showed an immediate response to the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions. The new virus variant B.1.1.7. was first detected in wastewater on December 23, while it was first observed with individual testing on January 13, 2021. Further, our data indicate that the emergence of new virus variant may change the wastewater signal, probably due to different shedding patterns, which should be considered in future models.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , Liechtenstein , Prevalencia , Aguas ResidualesRESUMEN
Guided bone regeneration relies primarily on four principles--exclusion of unwanted tissues and cells, space creation and maintenance, protection of the underlying blood clot, and wound stabilization. For successful bone regeneration to occur, large bony defects require an underlying grafting material and a cell-occlusive membrane. The learning objective of this article is to review the history and principles of guided bone regeneration and describe the characteristics of a slowly resorbing bilayer collagen membrane, well suited for bone regeneration procedures. An osteoconductive bone grafting material and its ability to support the overlying collagen membrane and serve as a matrix for the ingrowth of vascular and bone-forming cells are discussed.
Asunto(s)
Implantes Absorbibles , Sustitutos de Huesos/uso terapéutico , Trasplante Óseo , Regeneración Tisular Guiada Periodontal/métodos , Membranas Artificiales , Anciano , Aumento de la Cresta Alveolar , Materiales Biocompatibles/uso terapéutico , Matriz Ósea/trasplante , Regeneración Ósea/fisiología , Colágeno/uso terapéutico , Implantes Dentales , Prótesis Dental de Soporte Implantado , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Arcada Edéntula/rehabilitación , Arcada Edéntula/cirugía , Arcada Parcialmente Edéntula/rehabilitación , Arcada Parcialmente Edéntula/cirugía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Minerales/uso terapéutico , Factores de Tiempo , Conservación de TejidoRESUMEN
A number of small-molecule inhibitors of Aurora kinases have been developed and are undergoing clinical trials for anti-cancer therapies. Different Aurora kinases, however, behave as very different targets: while inhibition of Aurora A (AURKA) induces a delay in mitotic exit, inhibition of Aurora B (AURKB) triggers mitotic slippage. Furthermore, while it is evident that p53 is regulated by Aurora kinase-dependent phosphorylation, how p53 may in turn regulate Aurora kinases remains mysterious. To address these issues, isogenic p53-containing and -negative cells were exposed to classic inhibitors that target both AURKA and AURKB (Alisertib and ZM447439), as well as to new generation of inhibitors that target AURKA (MK-5108), AURKB (Barasertib) individually. The fate of individual cells was then tracked with time-lapse microscopy. Remarkably, loss of p53, either by gene disruption or small interfering RNA-mediated depletion, sensitized cells to inhibition of both AURKA and AURKB, promoting mitotic arrest and slippage respectively. As the p53-dependent post-mitotic checkpoint is also important for preventing genome reduplication after mitotic slippage, these studies indicate that the loss of p53 in cancer cells represents a major opportunity for anti-cancer drugs targeting the Aurora kinases.
Asunto(s)
Aurora Quinasa A/antagonistas & inhibidores , Aurora Quinasa B/antagonistas & inhibidores , Puntos de Control de la Fase M del Ciclo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Mitosis/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Azepinas/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Duplicación de Gen/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Pirimidinas/farmacología , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/deficienciaRESUMEN
Selected patients with extraction wounds served to experiment with Apernyl-styli of Bayer. Contralateral alveoli were used as controls. 10 days following operation biopsies were taken from treated and untreated alveoli. Histologically, a morphometric study was made, and clinically healing was judged by the frequency of complications and the initial physiologic pain. The results show that Apernyl does not influence histological healing, positively or negatively. Thus, the results obtained by Nordenram and Band (1970) and Satoh et al. (1973) could be confirmed. Clinically, there were significanlty less p.o. complications in patients with Apernyl prophylaxis; 2 of 51 treated alveoli compared to 8 of 45 untreated ones. Pain was significantly reduced: 17 of the 19 patients complained of pain in the untreated half of the jaw, while only 4 suffered pain on the treated side. This confirms the findings of Neuner and Panzera and Neuner and Schegg (1972 and 1969 resp.).
Asunto(s)
Salicilatos/uso terapéutico , Cicatrización de Heridas , Proceso Alveolar/patología , Coagulación Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Evaluación de Medicamentos , Alveolo Seco/prevención & control , Tejido de Granulación/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Osteogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Extracción Dental , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
The effectiveness of Insadol (Laroche-Navarron, Paris) was submitted to a clinical test. The following indexes and measurements were considered: Sulcus fluid, P-Index, Plaque-Index, Pocket Depth, Tooth Mobility, Bone Loss. The measurement of the Sulcus Fluid revealed a small, but significant decrease in the medicament group. The other considered parameters showed no change in the medicament group, which makes any therapeutical effect appear doubtful.
Asunto(s)
Periodontitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Vitamina E/uso terapéutico , Carotenoides/uso terapéutico , Ensayos Clínicos como Asunto , Combinación de Medicamentos , Evaluación de Medicamentos , Ergosterol/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Fitosteroles/uso terapéutico , Antagonistas de Prostaglandina , Sitoesteroles/uso terapéutico , Estigmasterol/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of suspected periodontal pathogens in the peri-implant microflora of osseointegrated implants exposed 3 and 6 months to the oral environment of patients previously treated for periodontal disease. Subgingival microbial samples were taken in the deepest residual pocket of each quadrant in 10 patients before placement of ITI implants and in 10 patients before abutment connection of Brånemark implants. The samples were cultured using continuous anaerobic techniques. 4 patients were positive for P. gingivalis, 13 for P. intermedia, 2 for A. actinomycetemcomitans, 16 for Fusobacterium, 7 for C. rectus and 12 showed microscopic evidence of spirochetes. After 3 and 6 months exposure of the implants to the oral environment, one sample was obtained from the peri-implant sulcus in each patient. P. gingivalis was found in 2 patients in the peri-implant samples after 3 and 6 months. 6 peri-implant samples were positive for P. intermedia after 3 months, 7 after 6 months. Fusobacterium was present in 13 peri-implant samples after 3, and in 12 samples after 6 months. 4 patients showed evidence of for C. rectus after 3 months, 2 after 6 months. Spirochetes were seen in 3 peri-implant samples after 3 and in 5 after 6 months. None of the implants were found to be colonized by A. actinomycetemcomitans, although the organism was detected on teeth in 1 individual. Similar distribution patterns were noted for ITI and Brånemark type implants.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Asunto(s)
Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Implantación Dental Endoósea , Implantes Dentales , Enfermedades Periodontales/microbiología , Adulto , Anciano , Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/aislamiento & purificación , Campylobacter/aislamiento & purificación , Recuento de Colonia Microbiana , Pilares Dentales , Estudios de Seguimiento , Fusobacterium/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , Arcada Parcialmente Edéntula/microbiología , Arcada Parcialmente Edéntula/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oseointegración , Enfermedades Periodontales/complicaciones , Bolsa Periodontal/microbiología , Porphyromonas gingivalis/aislamiento & purificación , Prevotella intermedia/aislamiento & purificación , Spirochaetales/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
DNA sequence analysis of a 12236 bp fragment, which is located upstream of nifE in Rhodobacter capsulatus nif region A, revealed the presence of ten open reading frames. With the exception of fdxC and fdxN, which encode a plant-type and a bacterial-type ferredoxin, the deduced products of these coding regions exhibited no significant homology to known proteins. Analysis of defined insertion and deletion mutants demonstrated that six of these genes were required for nitrogen fixation. Therefore, we propose to call these genes rnfA, rnfB, rnfC, rnfD, rnfE and rnfF (for Rhodobacter nitrogen fixation). Secondary structure predictions suggested that the rnf genes encode four potential membrane proteins and two putative iron-sulphur proteins, which contain cysteine motifs (C-X2-C-X2-C-X3-C-P) typical for [4Fe--4S] proteins. Comparison of the in vivo and in vitro nitrogenase activities of fdxN and rnf mutants suggested that the products encoded by these genes are involved in electron transport to nitrogenase. In addition, these mutants were shown to contain significantly reduced amounts of nitrogenase. The hypothesis that this new class of nitrogen fixation genes encodes components of an electron transfer system to nitrogenase was corroborated by analysing the effect of metronidazole. Both the fdxN and rnf mutants had higher growth yields in the presence of metronidazole than the wild type, suggesting that these mutants contained lower amounts of reduced ferredoxins.