The study of the Association of Decay Risk With Malocclusions in Mixed Dentition at Children From Northeast Romania. A Transversal Retrospective Study.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate if high values of DMFT/dmft indices constitute risk factors for installation in various types of malocclusions in mixed dentition. Material and Methods: The study consisted of 600 study-cast with mixed dentitions coming from the children in northeastern Romania. WHO (World Health Organization) dental caries criteria were applied to both groups. The existence of an increased caries risk was deducted from the dmft (decay, missed, filled temporary teeth) and DMFT (Decay, Missed, Filled Teeth) indices related to age. Malocclusion was classified in the three planes in accordance with the major symptom. The statistical study was conducted in SPSS 16.0 for Windows. The risk factors we have identified through calculating the odds ratio and relative risk. Results: Mean value dmft/DMFT (index in mixed dentition was found 3.64±2.686. The highest values of the dmft/DMFT indices were found in patients with normal overjet (4.73± 2.892) and normal overbite (4.04±2.781). In the transverse plane, the lowest value of DMFT/dmft index was recorded in patients with spacing (2.63±1.915), and the highest values were observed in patients with the combined diagnosis of crowding and lateral cross bite (4.97±3.010) respectively of crowding and spacing (4.65 ±2.792).The presence of malocclusions in the three plans is not influenced by increased DMFT/dmft index (DMFT/dmft>5) unless combined diagnoses of crowding and lateral cross bite, and crowding and spacing where the relative risks are over 2.5. Conclusions: The present study concluded that the prevalence of dental caries in children with mixed dentition is higher in patients with normal overjet and overbite. In terms of the risk of developing a certain malocclusion with dental crowding associate with lateral cross bite, respectively dental crowding associate false spacing are present under a high caries activities.

The influence of premature loss of temporary upper molars on permanent molars.

AIM: Premature loss of primary molars due to dental caries and their complications has been associated with space loss and eruptive difficulties, especially when the loss occurs early. The aim of our study was to determine the impact of premature loss of temporary upper molars upon the longitudinal axis of the first and second upper permanent molar. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study group included 64 patients 6-9 years old with premature loss of primary molars and a control group of 48 patients with intact temporary teeth. It was evaluated the angle between longitudinal axis of first and second upper permanent molars and occlusal plane. The sofware used is Easy Dent 4 Viewer®.The data were analyzed by using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 20.0; SPSS, Chicago, III). RESULTS: It was observed that premature loss of upper second deciduous molars modifies greater the vertical axis of the permanent molars than the premature loss of first upper primary molar. First upper primary molar loss cause an acceleration eruption of first premolar, which will produce a distal inclintion of the both permanent molars. CONCLUSIONS: The use of space maintainers after premature loss of the second upper temporary molar is a last solution in preventing tridimensional lesions in the dental arch and occlusion.

Young patients' perception on different surgical management of the disto-occlusal gingival operculum in second mandibular molars.

AIM: This baseline study aims to find out the young patients' perception on different surgical management of the disto-oclusal gingival operculum in second mandibular molars: the conventional technique and the laser assisted one. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The current study included a batch of 20 patients who needed surgical bilateral removal of the disto-oclusal operculum in second mandibular molars order for them to receive conservative treatment. Each patient benefited of two different surgical techniques (laser assisted and conventional). Patients' perception towards these procedures was evaluated with a simple questionnaire. RESULTS: The questionnaires were evaluated by a specialized team and the results were illustrated in the specific charts. On one hand the conventional technique wasn't perceived as very comfortable and on the other hand the laser assisted technique was very well perceived by the patients. CONCLUSIONS: The overall perception of young patients towards laser assisted periodontal surgery was very high and this is a means of reducing operating time and anxiety caused by the surgery itself.

Aspects regarding the hygienic-sanitary conditions at the level of certain dental medicine cabinets in Iasi County.

AIM: This baseline study aims to find out the evaluation of hygienic-sanitary conditions at the level of dental medicine cabinets through the verification of certain hygienic aspects. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study conducted consists in monitoring the hygienic/sanitary conditions at the level of 68 dental medicine cabinets (40 private cabinets and 28 school/university dental cabinets in Iasi county), using sheets for the assessment of the hygienic/sanitary conditions adapted from the control sheets of existing dental medicine cabinets at the level of DSP (Public Health Department) Iasi. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The sheets for the assessment of the hygienic/sanitary conditions were evaluated by a specialized team and the results were i llustrated in the specific charts. At the level of all the dental cabinets the study revealed nonconformities regarding the means to carry out cleaning, disinfection operations, including the management of perilous waste, the control of medical personnel. CONCLUSIONS: An optimization of the hygienic-sanitary conditions at the level of dental medicine cabinets is still necessary, through participation to the activity of personnel training, who is directly involved in dental medical assistance.

Value of ICDAS index in a preschool community from Iasi.

UNLABELLED: The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) is a clinical scoring system for use in dental education, clinical practice, research, and epidemiology. The ICDAS is designed to: lead to better quality information to inform decisions about appropriate diagnosis, prognosis, and clinical management at both the individual and public health levels. It provides a framework to support and facilitate personalized management of the caries process and dental decay for improved long-term health outcomes. AIM: This baseline study aims to find out the distribution of the caries lesions in primary teeth and their associations between the socio-economic statuses of families, in an lasi town preschool community (Romania). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study series included 500 children (276 girls, 224 boys), aged 3-7 years old ( 43 subjects aged 3-3, 9 years, 126 subjects aged 4-4, 9 years, 186 subjects aged 5-5, 9 years, 136 subjects aged 6-6, 9 years and 9 subjects aged 7 years), attending a Iasi town kindergarten, in which the ICDAS index, was applied. RESULTS: The visits to the dentist are statistically correlated only with the average number of healthy teeth from the frontal and the lateral area. In other areas of the dental arch, there is no statistically significant data, but in the frontal area, the children that had visited the dentist present an average number of 3.5 healthy teeth, and the children that had not been to the dentist present an average number of 3.717 healthy teeth. The number of teeth with enamel destruction without dentin visibility is much reduced in children also, statistically significances being present only in lateral mandibular and maxillary areas. Though in lateral mandible area, this value varies from 0 (for children between 6-7 years old), to 0.1176 (for children between 5-6 years old). The frequency of tooth brushing, has a significant influence on the (ICDAS = 4) value in lateral mandibular and maxillary areas, where these values decrease, as the tooth brushing is more often. Though in lateral maxillary area, the value is 0.066 for the children that brush their teeth twice a day, for the children that brush their teeth once a day, the value is 0.0353 and for the children that brush their teeth occasionally the value is 0.018. CONCLUSIONS: This study confirmed the high caries level in this region. The total caries experience indicators are normally higher, in the mixed dentition because the primary teeth have been exposed longer for the risk factors of dental caries for example frequent sugar snacks and drinks. It can be concluded that ICDAS method, gives much more relevant information about caries process than other methods. The distributions of the ICDAS codes are correlated between the primary and the permanent molars of the mixed dentition.

Value of scots index in a school community from Iasi.

UNLABELLED: The SCOTS version of the Developmental Defects of Enamel Index was designed for use in field settings as an add-on to caries prevalence examinations in order to monitor prevalence of enamel defects. AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of developmental dental anomalies (DDE) using the SCOTS index and to statistically analyze the distribution of these anomalies. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 240 children aged 7-10 years old, from lasi, Romania. DDE have been evaluated using SCOTS index. RESULTS: DDE prevalence was 9.2% with the highest rate represented by diffuse opacities (SCOTS score 2), followed by demarcated opacities and hypoplasia (SCOTS scores 1 and 3). Most affected were the male children. 61.9% of all affected teeth had an extension defect of less than 1/3 of the tooth surface and 66.7% of lesions were asymmetrical. There was not a statistically significant correlation between the SCOTS score value and children age or sex. Socioeconomic status can be a potential risk factor for DDE. CONCLUSIONS: DDE prevalence was quite low compared with other studies. SCOTS index is suitable for epidemiological screenings and highlights the public health significance of DDE.

[Clinical and therapeutic aspects of early childhood caries and severe early childhood caries--clinical cases]. / Aspecte clinice si terapeutice ale cariei timpurii si ale cariei severe timpurii--serie de cazuri.

UNLABELLED: ECC (early childhood caries) and SECC(severe early childhood caries), as a particularization of the dental caries during the early childhood (0-3 years) and the middle childhood (3-6 years), generate important oro-dental problems, with long-term impact, psycho-somatic, psycho-aesthetic, and social-behaviour, in little children as in adults. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 35 subjects (20 girls and 15 boys), were evaluated, aged between 3-6 years old, diagnosticated with ECC and SECC. The children were evaluated clinical, paraclinical and psycho-sociological in the Clinic of Paediatric Dentistry, Iasi, Romania. RESULTS: In this article, we present 3 clinical cases that show the implication of the socio-emotional factors that produce the early childhood caries, pacient C.L., 6 years old, pacient C.F., 5, 6 years old, and pacient A.D., 6 years old. CONCLUSION: In this study we have evaluated a heterogen structure with major impact on caries risk, clinical variability of the carioactivity in decidual dentition. It is known that more than 64% non-cavitary lesions that appear in a 2 year-old child develop to cavitary lesions in less than a year.

[Early childhood caries. Epidemiological considerations]. / Caria severa timpurie consideratii epidemiologice în zona Iasi.

AIM: To asses the current demographic tendencies of the carioactivity, in Iasi area, especially ECC and S-ECC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Study group included 500 subjects (276 girls and 224 boys), 3-6 years of age, 70% urban and 30% rural. The oro-dental evaluation was achieved through clinical investigation, based on criteria and markers recommended by WHO, the estimation of the indices of the caries prevalence: caod, cao, SIC, ICDAS, psychological assessment and sociological investigation using interviews and questionnaires. Recorded data were used for statistical analysis in SPSS 17 trial, in visual FOX-PRO9. RESULTS: The hole assessment showed a low caries risk (83.3%), compared to the values of the medium caries risk (9.2%), and of the high caries risk (7.5%). In term of clinic variability, the normal carial pattern is frequent, followed by atypical carial patterns, ECC and S-ECC, with differences between genders (boys - 1.91, girls - 1.99). In relation to the socio-economic level of the family, the cao index varies: cao-1--high socio-economic level, cao-1.46--medium socio-economic level, cao2.87--low socio-economic level. CONCLUSIONS: The values of the epidemiologic indices, showed a variability of the carioactivity of the temporary dentition, with growth of the atipical carial patterns, ECC and SECC. The above mentioned aspects require to reconsider the view points on temporary dentition and the promotion of an educational and prevention programme.

Preliminary data on the involvement of B, C and D hepatitis viruses in the etiopathogenesis of chronic lymphoproliferative syndromes in Romania.

UNLABELLED: THE AIMS OF THE STUDY: Evaluation of the prevalence of HBV, HCV, HDV infection in patients with chronic lymphoproliferative diseases (CL), identification of the most involved viral genotypes, correlation between viremia dynamics and CL evolution, detection of molecular mechanisms implicated in CL pathogenesis, identification of lymphocytic receptors for viral antigens and biologic markers for early diagnosis of CL. METHODS: We present preliminary results of the first year of our research grant. This is a prospective, analytic, observational study in patients diagnosed with CL and HBV, HCV, HDV chronic infection. We included the following forms of CL: non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma (NHL), Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). We used the following commercial test kits: HCV RNA Real time PCR on a COBAS TaqMan (Roche Diagnostics) analyzer with 28 to 140.000.000 UI/ml detection range for HCV viremia, HBV DNA Real time PCR on a COBAS TaqMan (Roche Diagnostics) analyzer with 6 to 110.000.000 UI/ml detection range for HBV and the Roboscreen-RoboGene AJ kit with 10-10.000.000 replica/ml detection range for HDV. RESULTS: We have included 20 patients with CL and chronic hepatitis infection so far. Median age of the patients was 61 years. The identified CL forms were: B cell NHL (15 cases), T cell NHL (1 case), CLL (3 cases), Hodgkin lymphoma (1 case), equally distributed in aggressive and indolent forms of CL. HCV infection was diagnosed in 10 patients with CL, HBV infection was found in 10 patients with CL, 3 of them having co-infection HBV + HDV. In 4 patients with HBV infection viremia was over 20.000 IU/ml and the pattern of the CL was the aggressive form of the disease. The feature of the co-infection HBV + HDV was the predominance of indolent forms of CL. Among patients with HCV infection, only 3 cases were detected with viremia over 600.000 IU/ml and CL was represented by aggressive forms of the disease. We also have immunohistochemical data available in 19 cases, which seem to confirm the role of hepatitis viruses in lymphoproliferative disease etiopathogenesis. CONCLUSIONS: We ascertained an almost equally represented prevalence of HCV and HBV infection in patients with CL. The levels of HBV, HCV and HDV viremia were low in most of the cases. The most frequent form of CL was B cell NHL. We found an equal distribution between indolent and aggressive forms of NHL associated to hepatitis virus infection.