Areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean based on the distribution of benthic hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa).

Geographic distributions of 130 species of benthic hydroids were used to infer areas of endemism in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWAO, between 22°S and 55°S). Endemicity Analysis (EA) was carried out with the software NDM VNDM, using a 2° x 2° grid with different values of F (F = 0.5 and F = 1.0) for inferred presence. Hypothesized areas of endemism (16 with F = 0.5 and 13 with F = 1.0) formed three generalized patterns: (1) Tropical, (2) Subtropical, and (3) disjunctions along Tropical and Subtropical areas. Areas of endemism estimated here were compared with provinces, ecoregions and areas of endemism previously defined (but not based on algorithmic analysis) in the literature. Ecological and historical aspects that are potentially relevant for the SWAO realm were contrasted, related and discussed to areas of endemism. This is the first study to apply NDM VNDM to the marine realm and one of the few that focuses on the SWAO.

Fauna de hidroides (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) da região de Bombinhas, Santa Catarina, Brasil / Hydroid fauna (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from the region of Bombinhas, Santa Catarina, Brazil

A fauna de hidroides bentônicos do infralitoral raso, de seis locais do município de Bombinhas (Santa Catarina, Brasil), foi pesquisada e analisada com base na morfologia. O cnidoma foi examinado quando necessário para a identificação específica. Foram encontradas 25 espécies, das quais cinco (20 por cento) são registradas pela primeira vez para o estado de Santa Catarina e três (12 por cento) são registradas pela primeira vez para a região sul do Brasil. Houve um acréscimo de 12 por cento e 5,5 por cento nos registros de espécies de hidroides para Santa Catarina e litoral sul brasileiro, respectivamente.

The benthic hydroid fauna from shallow subtidal zone of six localities in the municipality of Bombinhas (state of Santa Catarina, Brazil) was surveyed and its morphology analysed. Cnidome was also examined when it was necessary for species identification. Twenty five morphospecies were found, from which five (20 percent) were recorded for the first time in Santa Catarina State and three (12 percent) were recorded for the first time in the south region of Brazil. There was a 12 percent and 5.5 percent increase in the records of benthic hydroid species for Santa Catarina and southern Brazilian coast, respectively.