Black Family Members' Experiences and Interpretations of Supportive Resources for Them and Their Relatives With Substance Use Disorders: A Focused Ethnography.

While previous research explored the utilization of culturally supportive resources in multiethnic communities, there is a paucity of information regarding culturally relevant resources for Black Canadian family members. The study explored Black family members' experiences and interpretations regarding access to culturally supportive resources for family members and their relatives who suffer from substance use disorders. Black family members are defined as African Canadians, Caribbean Canadians, or Caribbean Blacks. A focused ethnography was conducted with a purposive sample of 26 Black family members in Ontario, Canada. The interviews were conducted from June to September 2021. Seventeen participants originated from parts of Africa, and nine were from different parts of the Caribbean. The participants comprised mothers (n = 5), fathers (n = 2), step-fathers (n = 1), husbands (n = 1), wives (n = 2), uncles (n = 5), aunties (n = 2), siblings (n = 5), in-laws (n = 2), and guardians (n = 1). Leininger's four Phases of Ethnonursing Qualitative Data Analysis were used for data analysis. Three themes were generated: (1) Navigating Existing Options and Resources for Families and Their Relatives; (2) Drawing upon Religion and Spirituality as Perceived Resources; and (3) Call for Culturally Relevant Programs for Substance Use Disorders Harm Reduction. Participants described experiencing a lack of culturally relevant resources and subsequently opting to navigate other resources. One such option was to send their relatives back to their country of origin to access cultural rehabilitation treatment options. There is a significant need for guidelines and policies regarding creating timely access to culturally relevant resources in Canada that support families and their relatives towards harm reduction and recovery outcomes.

Black family members' cultural beliefs and experiences regarding substance use and misuse by relatives: A focused ethnography.

Research explored substance use in Black communities in Canada, but a gap exists about the experiences of Black family members, caring for relatives with substance misuse within the Canadian context. Black family members are defined as African Canadians, Caribbean Canadian or Caribbean Blacks. This paper explores Black family members' beliefs and experiences regarding their relatives' psychoactive substance use and misuse. A focused ethnography was conducted with 26 Black family members with 17 participants originated from various parts of Africa, and nine participants originated from parts of the Caribbean. Participants comprised of mothers (n = 5), fathers (n = 2), step-fathers (n = 1), husbands (n = 1), wives (n = 2), uncles (n = 5), aunties (n = 2), siblings (n = 5), in-laws (n = 2), and guardians (n = 1). Three themes were generated: cultural beliefs and perceptions regarding substance use and misuse of family relatives; "When he starts drinking, hell breaks loose": Perceived impact of substance misuse on family safety and stability; and, the experiences of stigma and the keeping of secrets. Prioritizing public health approaches, such as public policies and campaigns that dismantle stigma and systemic barriers, and increase awareness about substance use and harm reduction interventions among Black communities.

The Experiences of Migration among Homeless Male and Female Psychiatric Survivors.

Globally, individuals with psychiatric disorders experience an increased risk for homelessness and frequent migration. The present qualitative study used intersectionality and thematic analysis to examine how male and female psychiatric survivors experienced the phenomenon of frequent migration in Canada. The study findings underscored aspects of frequent migration, including negative experiences associated with poverty, as well as increased risks for homelessness and mental health, stigma, and discrimination. The present findings call for bespoken services and programs to address male and female psychiatric survivors' specific needs; thereby alleviating pathways to frequent migrations among psychiatric survivors.

Experience of Family Members of Relatives With Substance Use Disorders: An Integrative Literature Review.

Background: Substance use disorders (SUDs) present substantial challenges for family members living with or supporting relatives with SUDs. This review explores existing literature on family members' experiences with relatives with SUDs and their support needs. Method: An integrative review was conducted by searching literature in the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health, PubMed, PsycINFO, ProQuest, and Scopus databases. Results: Five themes were generated based on analysis of 26 empirical studies: (a) family members' and caregivers' experiences of SUDs; (b) impact of SUDs-related aggressive/violent behaviors on families; (c) dilemmas faced by family members; (d) culture and family stigma related to SUDs; and (e) factors contributing to SUDs, challenges, and support needs. The review highlighted barriers to seeking support due to stigma and guilt, underscoring the need for structured support programs. Conclusions: This review sheds light on the challenges faced by family members with relatives suffering from SUDs and emphasizes the crucial need for structured support programs. The findings provide insights for developing initiatives to address the social and trauma-induced needs of family members and to establish support resources for them.

Promoting diversity through exploring and addressing "achievement/opportunity gap" in nursing education: A call to action.

Promoting diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging in nursing education is a contemporary issue. The purpose of this paper is to iterate a call to action for exploring and addressing achievement/opportunity gap in nursing education and propose strategies to address this gap in order to advance diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging in educational institutions. Achievement/opportunity gap is an academic performance difference among students based on their socioeconomic status, age, race, ethnicity, and other demographic and sociocultural variables, and can lead to lack of career readiness among students. Four strategies are offered to address the achievement/opportunity gap in nursing education which includes a) explicit exploration of the gap to gather baseline information, b) taking an intersectional approach to examine differences in learning styles, beliefs, values, and learning needs of underrepresented and minority student populations, c) offering extensive co-designed preparatory programs to students who may be more prone to encounter this gap, and d) creating support communities for students to foster their academic performance.

Applying intersectionality to address inequalities in nursing education.

AIM: The aim of this paper is to discuss the significance of the intersectionality framework for addressing prejudices, racism and inequalities in nursing education and clinical learning environments. BACKGROUND: Discrimination and racism against nursing students and educators based on their gender, ethnicity, race and social identities is well-documented in the nursing literature. Despite documented discrimination and incivility based on intersectional factors, it is reported that often nurse educators show limited interest in the culture, diverse experiences and values of nursing students with culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds. DESIGN: Discussion paper METHODS: The discussion was based on contemporary literature about intersectionality, discrimination and racism in nursing. We completed a cursory search of literature in nursing education journal and selected nursing and health science databases. This was not a formal literature review. Using a fictional example, the application of intersectionality to address inequalities in educational settings is illustrated. RESULTS: Intersectionality is an invaluable tool for examining interwoven power relations and power struggles arising from racial, gender, ethnic, religious and sexuality and disability-related differences. Nurse educators, students and leaders should be more cognizant of their preconceived views, sociocultural stereotypes and varied forms of sociocultural oppression affecting their interactions with each other in clinical learning environments. CONCLUSIONS: Incorporating intersectionality can address prejudices, racism and inequalities arising due to sociocultural, ethnic, power-related and intergenerational issues among educators, students and other personnel involved in creating clinical learning environments.

Sociocultural and patient-health care professional related factors influencing self-management of multiethnic patients with multimorbidities: A thematic synthesis.

Self-management is critical for the general well-being and disease management of individuals with multimorbidities. A better understanding of sociocultural and patient-professional level factors affecting self-management can be valuable for designing individual and community-based strategies to promote optimal self-management. The purpose of this review was to explore sociocultural and patient-health care professional related factors affecting self-management among patients with multimorbidities. A metasynthesis was conducted. Literature was searched in PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, and OVID databases. In total, 21 qualitative studies published from January 2010-March 2023 were critically appraised and reviewed. Thematic synthesis was used for analysis and eight descriptive and three analytical themes were generated. The analytical themes illustrated that personal and structural vulnerabilities, social and family struggles, and fragmented interpersonal relationships with health care professionals affect health care access, navigation, and self-management of individuals with multimorbidities. Engagement in self-management for individuals with multiple chronic conditions is hampered by under-resourced community and health care environments, structural vulnerabilities, familial and interpersonal conflicts, and disjointed relationships. There is a dire need to ensure optimal community resources to support individuals to address and navigate complexities associated with accessing care and effectively managing their illnesses.