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1.
PLoS Genet ; 15(1): e1007819, 2019 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30657772

RESUMEN

The bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens has been the workhorse in plant genome engineering. Customized replacement of native tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid elements enabled insertion of a sequence of interest called Transfer-DNA (T-DNA) into any plant genome. Although these transfer mechanisms are well understood, detailed understanding of structure and epigenomic status of insertion events was limited by current technologies. Here we applied two single-molecule technologies and analyzed Arabidopsis thaliana lines from three widely used T-DNA insertion collections (SALK, SAIL and WISC). Optical maps for four randomly selected T-DNA lines revealed between one and seven insertions/rearrangements, and the length of individual insertions from 27 to 236 kilobases. De novo nanopore sequencing-based assemblies for two segregating lines partially resolved T-DNA structures and revealed multiple translocations and exchange of chromosome arm ends. For the current TAIR10 reference genome, nanopore contigs corrected 83% of non-centromeric misassemblies. The unprecedented contiguous nucleotide-level resolution enabled an in-depth study of the epigenome at T-DNA insertion sites. SALK_059379 line T-DNA insertions were enriched for 24nt small interfering RNAs (siRNA) and dense cytosine DNA methylation, resulting in transgene silencing via the RNA-directed DNA methylation pathway. In contrast, SAIL_232 line T-DNA insertions are predominantly targeted by 21/22nt siRNAs, with DNA methylation and silencing limited to a reporter, but not the resistance gene. Additionally, we profiled the H3K4me3, H3K27me3 and H2A.Z chromatin environments around T-DNA insertions using ChIP-seq in SALK_059379, SAIL_232 and five additional T-DNA lines. We discovered various effect s ranging from complete loss of chromatin marks to the de novo incorporation of H2A.Z and trimethylation of H3K4 and H3K27 around the T-DNA integration sites. This study provides new insights into the structural impact of inserting foreign fragments into plant genomes and demonstrates the utility of state-of-the-art long-range sequencing technologies to rapidly identify unanticipated genomic changes.


Asunto(s)
Metilación de ADN/genética , ADN Bacteriano/genética , ADN de Plantas/genética , Epigénesis Genética/genética , Agrobacterium tumefaciens/genética , Arabidopsis/genética , Mapeo Cromosómico , Cromosomas de las Plantas/genética , Genoma de Planta/genética , Mutagénesis Insercional/genética , Plásmidos Inductores de Tumor en Plantas/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/genética , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente/crecimiento & desarrollo , Transformación Genética
2.
Anal Chem ; 93(9): 4160-4165, 2021 03 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33631932

RESUMEN

The rapid onset of the global COVID-19 pandemic has led to challenges for accurately diagnosing the disease, including supply shortages for sample collection, preservation, and purification. Currently, most diagnostic tests require RNA extraction and detection by RT-PCR; however, extraction is expensive and time-consuming and requires technical expertise. With these challenges in mind, we report extraction-free, multiplexed amplification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA from 246 clinical samples, resulting in 86% sensitivity and 100% specificity. The multiplex RT-PCR uses the CDC singleplex targets and has an LoD of 2 c/µL. We also report on amplification using a range of master mixes in different transport media. This work can help guide which combinations of reagents will enable accurate results when availability of supplies changes throughout the pandemic. Implementing these methods can reduce complexity and cost, minimize reagent usage, expedite time to results, and increase testing capacity.


Asunto(s)
Prueba de COVID-19/métodos , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/virología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa Multiplex/métodos , SARS-CoV-2/genética , SARS-CoV-2/aislamiento & purificación , Humanos , ARN Viral/genética , Sensibilidad y Especificidad
3.
Clin Chem ; 68(1): 163-171, 2021 12 30.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34718476

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Metagenomic sequencing of microbial cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in blood and urine is increasingly used as a tool for unbiased infection screening. The sensitivity of metagenomic cfDNA sequencing assays is determined by the efficiency by which the assay recovers microbial cfDNA vs host-specific cfDNA. We hypothesized that the choice of methods used for DNA isolation, DNA sequencing library preparation, and sequencing would affect the sensitivity of metagenomic cfDNA sequencing. METHODS: We characterized the fragment length biases inherent to select DNA isolation and library preparation procedures and developed a model to correct for these biases. We analyzed 305 cfDNA sequencing data sets, including publicly available data sets and 124 newly generated data sets, to evaluate the dependence of the sensitivity of metagenomic cfDNA sequencing on pre-analytical variables. RESULTS: Length bias correction of fragment length distributions measured from different experimental procedures revealed the ultrashort (<100 bp) nature of microbial-, mitochondrial-, and host-specific urinary cfDNA. The sensitivity of metagenomic sequencing assays to detect the clinically reported microorganism differed by more than 5-fold depending on the combination of DNA isolation and library preparation used. CONCLUSIONS: Substantial gains in the sensitivity of microbial and other short fragment recovery can be achieved by easy-to-implement changes in the sample preparation protocol, which highlights the need for standardization in the liquid biopsy field.


Asunto(s)
Ácidos Nucleicos Libres de Células , Fragmentación del ADN , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN , Sesgo , Ácidos Nucleicos Libres de Células/genética , ADN , Humanos , Metagenómica/métodos
4.
Plant J ; 96(3): 670-684, 2018 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30054939

RESUMEN

Duckweeds are the fastest growing angiosperms and have the potential to become a new generation of sustainable crops. Although a seed plant, Spirodela polyrhiza clones rarely flower and multiply mainly through vegetative propagation. Whole-genome sequencing using different approaches and clones yielded two reference maps. One for clone 9509, supported in its assembly by optical mapping of single DNA molecules, and one for clone 7498, supported by cytogenetic assignment of 96 fingerprinted bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) to its 20 chromosomes. However, these maps differ in the composition of several individual chromosome models. We validated both maps further to resolve these differences and addressed whether they could be due to chromosome rearrangements in different clones. For this purpose, we applied sequential multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization (mcFISH) to seven S. polyrhiza clones, using 106 BACs that were mapped onto the 39 pseudomolecules for clone 7498. Furthermore we integrated high-depth Oxford Nanopore (ON) sequence data for clone 9509 to validate and revise the previously assembled chromosome models. We found no major structural rearrangements between these seven clones, identified seven chimeric pseudomolecules and Illumina assembly errors in the previous maps, respectively. A new S. polyrhiza genome map with high contiguity was produced with the ON sequence data and genome-wide synteny analysis supported the occurrence of two Whole Genome Duplication events during its evolution. This work generated a high confidence genome map for S. polyrhiza at the chromosome scale, and illustrates the complementarity of independent approaches to produce whole-genome assemblies in the absence of a genetic map.


Asunto(s)
Araceae/genética , Cromosomas de las Plantas/genética , Genoma de Planta/genética , Mapeo Cromosómico , Cromosomas Artificiales Bacterianos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Nanoporos , Sintenía
5.
BMC Genomics ; 15: 443, 2014 Jun 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24906487

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Next-generation sequencing sample preparation requires nanogram to microgram quantities of DNA; however, many relevant samples are comprised of only a few cells. Genomic analysis of these samples requires a whole genome amplification method that is unbiased and free of exogenous DNA contamination. To address these challenges we have developed protocols for the production of DNA-free consumables including reagents and have improved upon multiple displacement amplification (iMDA). RESULTS: A specialized ethylene oxide treatment was developed that renders free DNA and DNA present within Gram positive bacterial cells undetectable by qPCR. To reduce DNA contamination in amplification reagents, a combination of ion exchange chromatography, filtration, and lot testing protocols were developed. Our multiple displacement amplification protocol employs a second strand-displacing DNA polymerase, improved buffers, improved reaction conditions and DNA free reagents. The iMDA protocol, when used in combination with DNA-free laboratory consumables and reagents, significantly improved efficiency and accuracy of amplification and sequencing of specimens with moderate to low levels of DNA. The sensitivity and specificity of sequencing of amplified DNA prepared using iMDA was compared to that of DNA obtained with two commercial whole genome amplification kits using 10 fg (~1-2 bacterial cells worth) of bacterial genomic DNA as a template. Analysis showed >99% of the iMDA reads mapped to the template organism whereas only 0.02% of the reads from the commercial kits mapped to the template. To assess the ability of iMDA to achieve balanced genomic coverage, a non-stochastic amount of bacterial genomic DNA (1 pg) was amplified and sequenced, and data obtained were compared to sequencing data obtained directly from genomic DNA. The iMDA DNA and genomic DNA sequencing had comparable coverage 99.98% of the reference genome at ≥1X coverage and 99.9% at ≥5X coverage while maintaining both balance and representation of the genome. CONCLUSIONS: The iMDA protocol in combination with DNA-free laboratory consumables, significantly improved the ability to sequence specimens with low levels of DNA. iMDA has broad utility in metagenomics, diagnostics, ancient DNA analysis, pre-implantation embryo screening, single-cell genomics, whole genome sequencing of unculturable organisms, and forensic applications for both human and microbial targets.


Asunto(s)
Contaminación de ADN , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento/métodos , Análisis de Secuencia de ADN/métodos , ADN/análisis , Óxido de Etileno/farmacología , Genoma Bacteriano , Genoma Humano , Humanos , Indicadores y Reactivos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados
6.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 20(14): 4210-4, 2010 Jul 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20561786

RESUMEN

The pre-clinical characterization of novel aryloxypyridine amides that are histamine H(3) receptor antagonists is described. These compounds are high affinity histamine H(3) ligands that penetrate the CNS and occupy the histamine H(3) receptor in rat brain. Several compounds were extensively profiled pre-clinically leading to the identification of two compounds suitable for nomination as development candidates.


Asunto(s)
Azepinas/farmacología , Antagonistas de los Receptores Histamínicos H3/farmacología , Piridinas/farmacología , Amidas/química , Animales , Azepinas/química , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Piridinas/química , Ratas
7.
Mol Ther Nucleic Acids ; 19: 1399-1412, 2020 Mar 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32160709

RESUMEN

Knockout of the memory suppressor gene histone deacetylase 2 (Hdac2) in mice elicits cognitive enhancement, and drugs that block HDAC2 have potential as therapeutics for disorders affecting memory. Currently available HDAC2 catalytic activity inhibitors are not fully isoform specific and have short half-lives. Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are drugs that elicit extremely long-lasting, specific inhibition through base pairing with RNA targets. We utilized an ASO to reduce Hdac2 messenger RNA (mRNA) in mice and determined its longevity, specificity, and mechanism of repression. A single injection of the Hdac2-targeted ASO in the central nervous system produced persistent reduction in HDAC2 protein and Hdac2 mRNA levels for 16 weeks. It enhanced object location memory for 8 weeks. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of brain tissues revealed that the repression was specific to Hdac2 relative to related Hdac isoforms, and Hdac2 reduction caused alterations in the expression of genes involved in extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and memory-associated immune signaling pathways. Hdac2-targeted ASOs also suppress a nonpolyadenylated Hdac2 regulatory RNA and elicit direct transcriptional suppression of the Hdac2 gene through stalling RNA polymerase II. These findings identify transcriptional suppression of the target gene as a novel mechanism of action of ASOs.

8.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 18(21): 5796-9, 2008 Nov 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18922693

RESUMEN

The synthesis and biological activity of a new series of 2-aryloxymethylmorpholine histamine H(3) antagonists is described. The new compounds are high affinity histamine H(3) ligands that penetrate the CNS and occupy the histamine H(3) receptor in rat brain.


Asunto(s)
Antagonistas de los Receptores Histamínicos H3/farmacología , Morfolinas/farmacología , Animales , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Antagonistas de los Receptores Histamínicos H3/síntesis química , Antagonistas de los Receptores Histamínicos H3/farmacocinética , Morfolinas/síntesis química , Morfolinas/farmacocinética , Ratas
9.
Nat Commun ; 9(1): 541, 2018 02 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29416032

RESUMEN

The handheld Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencer generates ultra-long reads with minimal cost and time requirements, which makes sequencing genomes at the bench feasible. Here, we sequence the gold standard Arabidopsis thaliana genome (KBS-Mac-74 accession) on the bench with the MinION sequencer, and assemble the genome using typical consumer computing hardware (4 Cores, 16 Gb RAM) into chromosome arms (62 contigs with an N50 length of 12.3 Mb). We validate the contiguity and quality of the assembly with two independent single-molecule technologies, Bionano optical genome maps and Pacific Biosciences Sequel sequencing. The new A. thaliana KBS-Mac-74 genome enables resolution of a quantitative trait locus that had previously been recalcitrant to a Sanger-based BAC sequencing approach. In summary, we demonstrate that even when the purpose is to understand complex structural variation at a single region of the genome, complete genome assembly is becoming the simplest way to achieve this goal.


Asunto(s)
Arabidopsis/genética , Genoma de Planta , Genómica/métodos , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento/métodos , Proteínas de Arabidopsis/genética , Cromosomas de las Plantas/genética , Genómica/instrumentación
10.
Cell Rep ; 16(10): 2666-2685, 2016 09 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27568567

RESUMEN

Human haploinsufficiency of the transcription factor Tcf4 leads to a rare autism spectrum disorder called Pitt-Hopkins syndrome (PTHS), which is associated with severe language impairment and development delay. Here, we demonstrate that Tcf4 haploinsufficient mice have deficits in social interaction, ultrasonic vocalization, prepulse inhibition, and spatial and associative learning and memory. Despite learning deficits, Tcf4(+/-) mice have enhanced long-term potentiation in the CA1 area of the hippocampus. In translationally oriented studies, we found that small-molecule HDAC inhibitors normalized hippocampal LTP and memory recall. A comprehensive set of next-generation sequencing experiments of hippocampal mRNA and methylated DNA isolated from Tcf4-deficient and WT mice before or shortly after experiential learning, with or without administration of vorinostat, identified "memory-associated" genes modulated by HDAC inhibition and dysregulated by Tcf4 haploinsufficiency. Finally, we observed that Hdac2 isoform-selective knockdown was sufficient to rescue memory deficits in Tcf4(+/-) mice.


Asunto(s)
Metilación de ADN/genética , Memoria , Plasticidad Neuronal/genética , Proteína 2 Similar al Factor de Transcripción 7/metabolismo , Animales , Trastorno Autístico/complicaciones , Trastorno Autístico/patología , Trastorno Autístico/fisiopatología , Islas de CpG/genética , Metilación de ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Facies , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Técnicas de Silenciamiento del Gen , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Histona Desacetilasa 2/metabolismo , Inhibidores de Histona Desacetilasas/farmacología , Ácidos Hidroxámicos/farmacología , Hiperventilación/complicaciones , Hiperventilación/genética , Hiperventilación/patología , Hiperventilación/fisiopatología , Discapacidad Intelectual/complicaciones , Discapacidad Intelectual/genética , Discapacidad Intelectual/patología , Discapacidad Intelectual/fisiopatología , Potenciación a Largo Plazo/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Memoria/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Actividad Motora/efectos de los fármacos , Plasticidad Neuronal/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibición Prepulso/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína 2 Similar al Factor de Transcripción 7/genética , Transcripción Genética/efectos de los fármacos , Vorinostat
11.
Biosecur Bioterror ; 11(2): 107-17, 2013 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23675878

RESUMEN

Molecular bioforensic research is dependent on rapid and sensitive methods such as real-time PCR (qPCR) for the identification of microorganisms. The use of synthetic positive control templates containing small modifications outside the primer and probe regions is essential to ensure all aspects of the assay are functioning properly, including the primers and probes. However, a typical qPCR or reverse transcriptase qPCR (qRT-PCR) assay is limited in differentiating products generated from positive controls and biological samples because the fluorescent probe signals generated from each type of amplicon are indistinguishable. Additional methods used to differentiate amplicons, including melt curves, secondary probes, and amplicon sequencing, require significant time to implement and validate and present technical challenges that limit their use for microbial forensic applications. To solve this problem, we have developed a novel application of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) to rapidly differentiate qPCR amplicons generated with positive biological samples from those generated with synthetic positive controls. The method has sensitivity equivalent to qPCR and supports the confident and timely determination of the presence of a biothreat agent that is crucial for policymakers and law enforcement. Additionally, it eliminates the need for time-consuming methods to confirm qPCR results, including development and validation of secondary probes or sequencing of small amplicons. In this study, we demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach with microbial forensic qPCR assays targeting multiple biodefense agents (bacterial, viral, and toxin) for the ability to rapidly discriminate between a positive control and a positive sample.


Asunto(s)
Bioterrorismo/prevención & control , ADN Bacteriano/análisis , Ciencias Forenses/métodos , ARN Viral/análisis , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/métodos , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de Transcriptasa Inversa/métodos , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray , Clostridium botulinum tipo F/genética , Bacterias Gramnegativas/genética , Virus Hendra/genética , Virus Nipah/genética , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Sensibilidad y Especificidad
12.
PLoS One ; 7(2): e30792, 2012.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22347403

RESUMEN

Recent findings suggest that the relaxin-3 neural network may represent a new ascending arousal pathway able to modulate a range of neural circuits including those affecting circadian rhythm and sleep/wake states, spatial and emotional memory, motivation and reward, the response to stress, and feeding and metabolism. Therefore, the relaxin-3 receptor (RXFP3) is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of various CNS diseases. Here we describe a novel selective RXFP3 receptor positive allosteric modulator (PAM), 3-[3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl)-1-[2-(5-methoxy-1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]urea (135PAM1). Calcium mobilization and cAMP accumulation assays in cell lines expressing the cloned human RXFP3 receptor show the compound does not directly activate RXFP3 receptor but increases functional responses to amidated relaxin-3 or R3/I5, a chimera of the INSL5 A chain and the Relaxin-3 B chain. 135PAM1 increases calcium mobilization in the presence of relaxin-3(NH2) and R3/I5(NH2) with pEC50 values of 6.54 (6.46 to 6.64) and 6.07 (5.94 to 6.20), respectively. In the cAMP accumulation assay, 135PAM1 inhibits the CRE response to forskolin with a pIC50 of 6.12 (5.98 to 6.27) in the presence of a probe (10 nM) concentration of relaxin-3(NH2). 135PAM1 does not compete for binding with the orthosteric radioligand, [(125)I] R3I5 (amide), in membranes prepared from cells expressing the cloned human RXFP3 receptor. 135PAM1 is selective for RXFP3 over RXFP4, which also responds to relaxin-3. However, when using the free acid (native) form of relaxin-3 or R3/I5, 135PAM1 doesn't activate RXFP3 indicating that the compound's effect is probe dependent. Thus one can exchange the entire A-chain of the probe peptide while retaining PAM activity, but the state of the probe's c-terminus is crucial to allosteric activity of the PAM. These data demonstrate the existence of an allosteric site for modulation of this GPCR as well as the subtlety of changes in probe molecules that can affect allosteric modulation of RXFP3.


Asunto(s)
Sitio Alostérico , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/metabolismo , Regulación Alostérica , Señalización del Calcio , Línea Celular , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Humanos , Sondas Moleculares , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/química , Relaxina
13.
Alcohol ; 45(6): 567-76, 2011 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21145691

RESUMEN

Neuropeptide Y (NPY) signaling has been shown to modulate stress responses and to be involved in regulation of alcohol intake and dependence. The present study explores the possibility that blockade of NPY Y2 autoreceptors using a novel, blood-brain barrier penetrant NPY Y2 receptor antagonist, JNJ-31020028 (N-(4-{4-[2-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-1-phenylethyl]piperazin-1-yl}-3-fluorophenyl)-2-pyridin-3-ylbenzamide), may achieve a therapeutically useful activation of the NPY system in alcohol- and anxiety-related behavioral models. We examined JNJ-31020028 in operant alcohol self-administration, stress-induced reinstatement to alcohol seeking, and acute alcohol withdrawal (hangover)-induced anxiety. Furthermore, we tested its effects on voluntary alcohol consumption in a genetic animal model of alcohol preference, the alcohol-preferring (P) rat. Neither systemic (0, 15, 30, and 40 mg/kg, subcutaneously [s.c.]) nor intracerebroventricular (0.0, 0.3, and 1.0 nmol/rat) administration of JNJ-31020028 affected alcohol-reinforced lever pressing or relapse to alcohol seeking behavior following stress exposure. Also, when its effects were tested on unlimited access to alcohol in P rats, preference for alcohol solution was transiently suppressed but without affecting voluntary alcohol intake. JNJ-31020028 (15 mg/kg, s.c.) did reverse the anxiogenic effects of withdrawal from a single bolus dose of alcohol on the elevated plus-maze, confirming the anxiolytic-like properties of NPY Y2 antagonism. Our data do not support Y2 antagonism as a mechanism for reducing alcohol consumption or relapse-like behavior, but the observed effects on withdrawal-induced anxiety suggest that NPY Y2 receptor antagonists may be a putative treatment for the negative affective states following alcohol withdrawal.


Asunto(s)
Consumo de Bebidas Alcohólicas/tratamiento farmacológico , Benzamidas/farmacología , Piperazinas/farmacología , Receptores de Neuropéptido Y/antagonistas & inhibidores , Alcoholismo/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Trastornos de Ansiedad/inducido químicamente , Trastornos de Ansiedad/tratamiento farmacológico , Condicionamiento Operante/efectos de los fármacos , Etanol/efectos adversos , Inyecciones Intraventriculares , Modelos Animales , Neuropéptido Y/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Recurrencia , Refuerzo en Psicología , Autoadministración , Síndrome de Abstinencia a Sustancias
14.
Psychopharmacology (Berl) ; 214(4): 829-41, 2011 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21086115

RESUMEN

RATIONALE: A few recent studies suggest that brain histamine levels and signaling via H(3) receptors play an important role in modulation of alcohol stimulation and reward in rodents. OBJECTIVE: The present study characterized the effects of a novel, selective, and brain penetrant H(3) receptor antagonist (JNJ-39220675) on the reinforcing effects of alcohol in rats. METHODS: The effect of JNJ-39220675 on alcohol intake and alcohol relapse-like behavior was evaluated in selectively bred alcohol-preferring (P) rats using the standard two-bottle choice method. The compound was also tested on operant alcohol self administration in non-dependent rats and on alcohol-induced ataxia using the rotarod apparatus. In addition, alcohol-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens was tested in freely moving rats. RESULTS: Subcutaneous administration of the selective H(3) receptor antagonist dose-dependently reduced both alcohol intake and preference in alcohol-preferring rats. JNJ-39220675 also reduced alcohol preference in the same strain of rats following a 3-day alcohol deprivation. The compound significantly and dose-dependently reduced alcohol self-administration without changing saccharin self-administration in alcohol non-dependent rats. Furthermore, the compound did not change the ataxic effects of alcohol, alcohol elimination rate, nor alcohol-induced dopamine release in nucleus accumbens. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that blockade of H(3) receptor should be considered as a new attractive mechanism for the treatment of alcoholism.


Asunto(s)
Alcoholismo/tratamiento farmacológico , Azepinas/uso terapéutico , Antagonistas de los Receptores Histamínicos H3/uso terapéutico , Piridinas/uso terapéutico , Alcoholismo/metabolismo , Alcoholismo/psicología , Animales , Autorradiografía , Azepinas/farmacología , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Antagonistas de los Receptores Histamínicos H3/farmacocinética , Antagonistas de los Receptores Histamínicos H3/farmacología , Inyecciones Subcutáneas , Masculino , Microdiálisis , Estructura Molecular , Actividad Motora/efectos de los fármacos , Unión Proteica , Piridinas/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Receptores Histamínicos H3/metabolismo , Refuerzo en Psicología , Autoadministración
15.
Psychopharmacology (Berl) ; 215(1): 191-203, 2011 May.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21181123

RESUMEN

RATIONALE: Orexin-1 receptor antagonists have been shown to block the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse and food. However, whether blockade of orexin-2 receptor has similar effects has not been determined. We have recently described the in vitro and in vivo effects of JNJ-10397049, a selective and brain penetrant orexin-2 receptor antagonist. OBJECTIVE: The goal of these studies was to evaluate whether systemic administration of JNJ-10397049 blocks the rewarding effects of ethanol and reverses ethanol withdrawal in rodents. As a comparison, SB-408124, a selective orexin-1 receptor antagonist, was also evaluated. METHODS: Rats were trained to orally self-administer ethanol (8% v/v) or saccharin (0.1% v/v) under a fixed-ratio 3 schedule of reinforcement. A separate group of rats received a liquid diet of ethanol (8% v/v) and withdrawal signs were evaluated 4 h after ethanol discontinuation. In addition, ethanol-induced increases in extracellular dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens were tested. In separate experiments, the acquisition, expression, and reinstatement of conditioned place preference (CPP) were evaluated in mice. RESULTS: Our results indicate that JNJ-10397049 (1, 3, and 10 mg/kg, sc) dose-dependently reduced ethanol self-administration without changing saccharin self-administration, dopamine levels, or withdrawal signs in rats. Treatment with JNJ-10397049 (10 mg/kg, sc) attenuated the acquisition, expression, and reinstatement of ethanol CPP and ethanol-induced hyperactivity in mice. Surprisingly, SB-408124 (3, 10 and 30 mg/kg, sc) did not have any effect in these procedures. CONCLUSIONS: Collectively, these results indicate, for the first time, that blockade of orexin-2 receptors is effective in reducing the reinforcing effects of ethanol.


Asunto(s)
Conducta Adictiva/prevención & control , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Condicionamiento Operante/efectos de los fármacos , Dioxanos/uso terapéutico , Etanol/administración & dosificación , Compuestos de Fenilurea/uso terapéutico , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores de Neuropéptido/antagonistas & inhibidores , Alcoholismo/metabolismo , Alcoholismo/prevención & control , Alcoholismo/psicología , Animales , Conducta Adictiva/psicología , Dioxanos/administración & dosificación , Dioxanos/farmacología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos DBA , Actividad Motora/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores de Orexina , Compuestos de Fenilurea/administración & dosificación , Compuestos de Fenilurea/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Esquema de Refuerzo , Refuerzo en Psicología , Autoadministración
16.
Psychopharmacology (Berl) ; 208(2): 265-77, 2010 Feb.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19953226

RESUMEN

RATIONALE: The lack of potent, selective, brain penetrant Y(2) receptor antagonists has hampered in vivo functional studies of this receptor. OBJECTIVE: Here, we report the in vitro and in vivo characterization of JNJ-31020028 (N-(4-{4-[2-(diethylamino)-2-oxo-1-phenylethyl]piperazin-1-yl}-3-fluorophenyl)-2-pyridin-3-ylbenzamide), a novel Y(2) receptor antagonist. METHODS: The affinity of JNJ-31020028 was determined by inhibition of the PYY binding to human Y(2) receptors in KAN-Ts cells and rat Y(2) receptors in rat hippocampus. The functional activity was determined by inhibition of PYY-stimulated calcium responses in KAN-Ts cells expressing a chimeric G protein Gqi5 and in the rat vas deferens (a prototypical Y(2) bioassay). Ex vivo receptor occupancy was revealed by receptor autoradiography. JNJ-31020028 was tested in vivo with microdialysis, in anxiety models, and on corticosterone release. RESULTS: JNJ-31020028 bound with high affinity (pIC(50) = 8.07 +/- 0.05, human, and pIC(50) = 8.22 +/- 0.06, rat) and was >100-fold selective versus human Y(1), Y(4), and Y(5) receptors. JNJ-31020028 was demonstrated to be an antagonist (pK(B) = 8.04 +/- 0.13) in functional assays. JNJ-31020028 occupied Y(2) receptor binding sites (approximately 90% at 10 mg/kg) after subcutaneous administration in rats. JNJ-31020028 increased norepinephrine release in the hypothalamus, consistent with the colocalization of norepinephrine and neuropeptide Y. In a variety of anxiety models, JNJ-31020028 was found to be ineffective, although it did block stress-induced elevations in plasma corticosterone, without altering basal levels, and normalized food intake in stressed animals without affecting basal food intake. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that Y(2) receptors may not be critical for acute behaviors in rodents but may serve modulatory roles that can only be elucidated under specific situational conditions.


Asunto(s)
Ansiolíticos/farmacología , Ansiedad/tratamiento farmacológico , Benzamidas/farmacología , Hipocampo/efectos de los fármacos , Piperazinas/farmacología , Receptores de Neuropéptido Y/antagonistas & inhibidores , Administración Oral , Animales , Anorexia/metabolismo , Anorexia/prevención & control , Anorexia/psicología , Ansiolíticos/administración & dosificación , Ansiolíticos/farmacocinética , Ansiedad/metabolismo , Ansiedad/psicología , Autorradiografía , Benzamidas/administración & dosificación , Benzamidas/farmacocinética , Unión Competitiva , Células CHO , Calcio/metabolismo , Corticosterona/sangre , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ingestión de Alimentos/efectos de los fármacos , Conducta Alimentaria/efectos de los fármacos , Hipocampo/metabolismo , Humanos , Inyecciones Intravenosas , Inyecciones Subcutáneas , Masculino , Ratones , Microdiálisis , Norepinefrina/metabolismo , Péptido YY/metabolismo , Permeabilidad , Piperazinas/administración & dosificación , Piperazinas/farmacocinética , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Ratas Wistar , Receptores de Neuropéptido Y/genética , Receptores de Neuropéptido Y/metabolismo , Transfección , Conducto Deferente/efectos de los fármacos , Conducto Deferente/metabolismo
17.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 17(10): 2723-7, 2007 May 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17368897

RESUMEN

In an attempt to search for a new class of antibacterial agents, we have discovered a series of pyrazole analogs that possess good antibacterial activity for Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms via inhibition of type II bacterial topoisomerases. We have investigated the structure-activity relationships of this series, with an emphasis on the length and conformation of the linker. This work led to the identification of tetrahydroindazole analogs, such as compound 1, as the most potent class of compounds.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/síntesis química , Pirazoles/síntesis química , Antibacterianos/química , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Diseño de Fármacos , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/fisiología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estructura Molecular , Pirazoles/química , Pirazoles/farmacología , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa II
18.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 17(10): 2718-22, 2007 May 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17382544

RESUMEN

We have previously reported a novel class of tetrahydroindazoles that display potency against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, potentially via interaction with type II bacterial topoisomerases. Herein are reported SAR investigations of this new series. Several compounds possessing broad-spectrum potency were prepared. Further, these compounds exhibit activity against multidrug-resistant Gram-positive microorganisms equivalent to that against susceptible strains.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Indazoles/farmacología , Inhibidores de Topoisomerasa II , Antibacterianos/síntesis química , Antibacterianos/química , Diseño de Fármacos , Resistencia a Múltiples Medicamentos/fisiología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Relación Estructura-Actividad
19.
Cell Microbiol ; 6(9): 849-65, 2004 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15272866

RESUMEN

A fundamental goal in the study of infections is to understand the dynamic interplay between host and pathogen; however, direct in vivo interrogation of this disease process via transcriptional profiling has been lacking. Here we describe the development and application of novel bacterial RNA amplification technology to simultaneously identify key elements of both host and pathogen responses in a murine infection model. On the bacterial side, we found induction of an unusual pattern of stress response genes, a response to host-induced metal ion limitation, and a failure to achieve stationary phase in vivo. On the mammalian side, we observed the surprising induction of several genes encoding acute phase response proteins including hepcidin, haptoglobin, complement C3 and metallothionein 1 at the site of infection, as well as other mediators of innate immunity. Thus, our results reveal host-pathogen cross-talk not predicted by previous in vitro analyses and provide the framework to eavesdrop on a broad array of host-pathogen interactions in vivo. As described here, the comprehensive examination of host-pathogen interactions during an infection is critical to the discovery of novel approaches for intervention not predicted by current models.


Asunto(s)
Proteínas de Fase Aguda/metabolismo , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/fisiología , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Metales/metabolismo , Proteínas de Fase Aguda/genética , Animales , Péptidos Catiónicos Antimicrobianos/genética , Péptidos Catiónicos Antimicrobianos/metabolismo , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Complemento C3/genética , Complemento C3/metabolismo , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/crecimiento & desarrollo , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/genética , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/inmunología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Regulación Bacteriana de la Expresión Génica , Genes , Genes Bacterianos , Granuloma/metabolismo , Granuloma/microbiología , Haptoglobinas/genética , Haptoglobinas/metabolismo , Hepcidinas , Humanos , Metalotioneína/genética , Metalotioneína/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Análisis de Secuencia por Matrices de Oligonucleótidos , Estrés Oxidativo , ARN Bacteriano/metabolismo , Regulón
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