Increased Expression of Y-Box-Binding Protein-1 in Hind-Limb Muscles During Regeneration from Ischemic Injury in Mice.

Critical limb ischemia (CLI) is the most severe complication of peripheral arterial disease (PAD). Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying tissue repair after CLI is necessary for preventing PAD progression. Y-box binding protein-1 (YB-1) regulates the expression of many genes in response to environmental stresses. We aimed to determine whether YB-1 is involved in ischemic muscle regeneration. A mouse ischemic hind-limb model was generated; namely, the femoral, saphenous, and popliteal arteries in the left hind limb were ligated. The right hind limb, with skin incisions alone, served as control. Hind limbs (n = 3-5 for each time point) were examined on day 0 (before the operation) and on postoperative days 1, 2, 7, 10, and 14, and the biceps femoris, adductor, rectus femoris, and gracilis muscles were subjected to histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses. In ischemic limbs, myogenesis, triggered by an increase in myotubes, began on day 7; thereafter, regenerated muscles gradually increased in volume. RT-PCR analysis showed that YB-1 mRNA levels were increased in the limbs after ischemic injury, peaked on day 2, and subsequently decreased. On day 7, expression levels of MyoD and alpha-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) mRNAs were significantly higher in ischemic muscles than in control muscles. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed increased YB-1 immunoreactivity in myoblasts and myotubes on day 7, which was decreased by day 14. The immunoreactive αSMA and smooth muscle myosin heavy chain were transiently increased in myotubes. This is the first report showing the increased expression of YB-1 during muscle regeneration after ischemic injury.

Lymph node metastasis after endoscopic submucosal dissection of a differentiated gastric cancer confined to the mucosa with an ulcer smaller than 30 mm.

In the expanded indications for endoscopic resection, Japanese guidelines for gastric cancer include differentiated cancers confined to the mucosa with an ulcer <30 mm. We describe a patient with lymph node metastasis after curative endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for a tumor of this indication. The patient was a 70-year-old man with chronic hepatitis C. He underwent ESD for early gastric cancer in May 2010. Pathology revealed a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, 22 × 17 mm in size, that was confined to the mucosa with an ulcer. The horizontal and vertical margins were negative for the tumor. We diagnosed thiscase as curative resection of expanded indication and followed this patient with endoscopy, abdominal ultrasonography (AUS) or enhanced computed tomography (CT) approximately every 6 months. After 17 months, lymph node metastasis was detected with AUS and CT and diagnosed by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy in August 2011. Distal gastrectomy with D2 dissection was carried out in December 2011. Although it is low, the possibility of recurrence should be borne in mind after endoscopic treatment of early gastric cancer, despite its inclusion in the expanded indications for endoscopic resection.

Effects of customized balance exercises on older women whose balance ability has deteriorated with age.

Falls represent a major public health problem for older adults, and loss of balance (LOS) abilities is one of the primary causes of falls. Previous studies have shown that balance training is effective in improving physical function and decreasing risk of falls. However, little attention has been given specifically to balance training in older adults with very poor balance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of a 12-week customized balance exercise program on LOS for community-dwelling older women with poor balance ability. Twenty-four older women with poor balance (composite maximum excursion [MXEcomp] score of less than 70% based on Limits of Stability) were divided into an exercise group and control group. After 12 weeks of balance exercises, mean MXEcomp improved (p < .05) from 58.6% to 79.0% in the exercise group. EPEcomp (composite endpoint excursion), RTcomp (composite reaction time), SVcomp3 (composite sway velocity on thick foam with the eyes open), UG (up and go) also improved, but the functional reach and other static balance indexes did not change. These results indicated that balance training allows older adults with poor balance to improve dynamic balance ability and potentially reduce risk for falls.

Differentiating a large abdominal cystic lymphangioma from multicystic mesothelioma: report of a case.

We report a case of retroperitoneal cystic lymphangioma in a 30-year-old woman who presented with abdominal distention and pain. Imaging studies revealed a large, thin-walled multicystic mass occupying the whole abdomen. Based on a preoperative diagnosis of multicystic mesothelioma, we performed laparotomy, which revealed a tumor arising from the gastropancreatic ligament in the posterior wall of the omental bursa. We resected the tumor completely, without the adjacent viscera. The final pathological diagnosis was cystic lymphangioma, based on the immunohistochemical findings of positive CD31 and CD34 expression, the presence of smooth muscle confirmed by smooth muscle antigen and desmin, and negative calretinin, WT-1 and cytokeratins 5/6 expression. Multicystic mesotheliomas and cystic lymphangiomas are so similar in morphology that immunohistochemical staining should be fully utilized to differentiate them.

A case of phlegmonous gastritis with multiple liver and splenic abscesses.

A 63-year-old woman was admitted with high fever. Laboratory tests showed leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein (CRP) levels. Abdominal ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed multiple liver and splenic tumors. We diagnosed phlegmonous gastritis with multiple liver and splenic abscesses based on a discharge of pus from the gastric ulcer on biopsy obtained during esophagogastroduodenoscopy. She showed remission after spontaneous drainage and treatment with antibiotics. A search of the literature yielded no other cases of phlegmonous gastritis with multiple liver and splenic abscesses, and we therefore report this case.

Still time to perform intestinal revascularization in patients with acute mesenteric ischemia with peritonitis: An analysis of bowel viability in resections.

OBJECTIVE: Acute mesenteric ischemia is often fatal, and many survivors develop short bowel syndrome. To avoid massive bowel resection, revascularization is recommended for acute mesenteric ischemia patients. However, whether acute mesenteric ischemia patients with clinical peritonitis can be revascularized remains uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the histopathological potential reversibility of resected bowel in acute mesenteric ischemia patients with peritonitis. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of acute mesenteric ischemia patients treated at the Kameda Medical Center between January 2001 and March 2015. Pathological evaluation regarding bowel resection was performed. Patients with and without peritonitis were compared. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients with reversible or irreversible ischemia. Patients with reversible and irreversible ischemia were characterized. RESULTS: Of 41 patients, 17 underwent laparotomy, 6 endovascular surgery, and 18 palliative care. Among 23 patients receiving curative treatment, 7 had peritonitis and 13 did not. Seven patients of each group received bowel resection, but 85.7% of those with peritonitis had reversible ischemia. We categorized patients with ischemia into reversible and irreversible groups. The median time between symptom onset and diagnosis in the reversible group was >27 h. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome was found in 72.2% and 66.7% of the reversible and irreversible groups, respectively. CONCLUSION: Acute mesenteric ischemia patients with clinical peritoneal signs may have potentially reversible ischemia. As a result, revascularization should be considered, even in the case of peritonitis.

[Cryptococcemia with a severe bronchial asthma: case report and review of the literature].

A 64-year old hospitalized male for severe bronchial asthma began to complain fatigue and appetite loss. His asthma had been treated with oral bethamethasone. The Chest CT at this time revealed a bilateral consolidation of the lower lung. Despite a week of treatment with antibiotics and anti-fungals, the patient expired from DIC progression. His premortem sputum and blood culture grew Cryptococcus Neoformans. We concluded his diagnosis as cryptococcal pneumonia and sepsis. Sepsis by Cryptococcus neoformans is a rare clinical event, and only 20 cases have been reported in Japan. Although 16 of the 20 had preexisting medical conditions, a case with underlying bronchial asthma has never been reported. A comparison of the reported cases of the US and Europe to that of Japan revealed differences in the patients' underlying conditions. We report a case with a brief review of the literature and summarize the 20 cases that have been reported in Japan.

Gastroduodenal Intussusception with a Gastric Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor Treated by Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection.

A 95-year-old Japanese woman presented to our hospital with intermittent vomiting and several episodes of melena. Abdominal computed tomography revealed intussusception of the gastric tumor into the duodenum. After endoscopic reduction, endoscopic ultrasonography identified a hypoechogenic lesion limited to the submucosal layer. Endoscopic resection was performed as a localized treatment for the prevention of recurrent gastroduodenal intussusception. To our knowledge, there have been no other reports describing a gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor presenting with gastroduodenal intussusception and treated using an endoscopic submucosal dissection technique.

Effects of 12 Weeks of Tai Chi Chuan Training on Balance and Functional Fitness in Older Japanese Adults.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of Tai Chi Chuan on static and dynamic balance, and functional fitness in older adults. Forty-nine volunteers were divided into an exercise group (EX: 9 men and 16 women, average age 72 ± 5 years) and control group (13 men and 11 women, average age 73 ± 6 years). The EX participated in a 12-week supervised exercise program (60 min/day, 2 days/week) that consisted of 10-min warm-up and stretching, 40-min Tai Chi Chuan exercise (long-form Yang style with 108 movements), and 10-min cool-down/relaxation exercises. The control group was asked to not change their physical activity habits. Static (sway velocity standing on firm or foam surfaces with eyes open or closed) and dynamic balance (limits of stability (LOS)), as well as functional fitness measures of body mass; upper- and lower-body strength; and flexibility, mobility, and aerobic fitness were taken before and after the intervention. After the 12-week Tai Chi Chuan exercise program, there were no improvements in any functional fitness or balance variable although components of LOS tended to increase (13.1%, p = 0.052). These results indicate that 12 weeks of Tai Chi Chuan exercise has no significant effect on balance and functional fitness parameters in older Japanese adults.

Fat necrosis of breast: a potential pitfall in breast MRI.

Fat necrosis is a benign nonsuppurative inflammatory process of adipose tissue. Occasionally fat necrosis may mimic a breast cancer clinically, mammographically, and sonographically. There have been some previous reports on the MR imaging of the fat necrosis. In some MR findings of fat necrosis, it was difficult to distinguish it from malignant lesions. We report a case of fat necrosis presenting the irregular enhancement with the non-enhancing area of central areas on MRI.

Inflammatory intramammary lymph node mimicking the malignant lesion in dynamic MRI: a case report.

Enlarged intramammary lymph node (LN) may be caused by inflammation [Arch. Surg. 109 (1974) 759.], reaction to dermatitis [Radiology 137 (1980) 15.], tuberculosis [Histopathology 17 (1990) 91.], foreign body such as gold [Hum. Pathol. 19 (1988) 992.], neoplasm including metastasis [Arch. Surg. 109 (1974) 759; AJR, Am J Roentgenol 146 (1986) 133.], and malignant lymphoma [AJR, Am J Roentgenol 161 (1993) 779.]. It is difficult to distinguish benign enlarged LNs from malignant lesion clinically, mammographically, and sonographically. There have been a few reports on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of enlarged intramammary LNs in the English literature. In this article, we present a case in which dynamic MRI indicated inflammatory LNs as highly suspicious of malignancy.

Giant solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura causing respiratory insufficiency: report of 3 cases.

We present 3 cases of solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) occupying entire hemithorax and resulting in respiratory insufficiency. All patients were treated by complete resection, resulting in immediate re-expansion of the lungs and recovery from respiratory insufficiency. Although, two patients remain alive without recurrence, one patient had pleural recurrences three times over a 20-year period, all of which were treated by surgical resection. All of the primary tumors exhibited areas of hypercellularity, hemorrhage, or necrosis. All of the recurrent tumors in the recurrent case displayed large areas of hypercellularity, similar to the part of primary tumor. Although, the MIB-1 index in primary tumors was less than 5%, the index of the recurrent tumors increased up to 11% with repeated recurrence. Giant SFTs usually display hypercellularity, hemorrhage, or necrosis. Tumors with hypercellularity could recur. MIB-1 index could display malignant characteristics of recurrent tumors. Long-term follow-up for more than 10 years after surgery is necessary, particularly for tumors with areas of hypercellularity.

Pattern of age-associated decline of static and dynamic balance in community-dwelling older women.

AIM: Falling is the leading cause of injury-related deaths in older adults, and a loss of balance is often the precursor to a fall. However, little is known about the rate at which balance declines with age. The objective of the present study was to determine whether there is an age-associated decline in static (SB) and/or dynamic (DB) balance in community-dwelling older women. METHOD: SB and DB were determined in 971 older women. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were used to determine test-retest reliability. Sway velocity was used to measure SB standing on a platform and foam with eyes open and closed. DB was characterized by limits of stability (LOS) that measured end-point excursion (EXE) and maximum excursion (MXE) of the body's center of pressure. RESULTS: ICC for EXE and MXE for the LOS test were excellent (EPE = 0.96, MXE = 0.96). ICC for SB tests, except for the eyes open firm surface condition (ICC = 0.10), showed a high level of reproducibility (ICC = 0.88 and 0.90). Relationships existed between age and SB (r = 0.31, P < 0.001), and between age and DB (r = -0.46--0.48, P < 0.001). The rate of decline for both DB and SB was approximately 1% per year. Age was significantly associated with all balance measures. DB got significantly lower with advancing age until 80 years, and then plateaued. SB did not decline with age until 80 years, and then decreased significantly thereafter. CONCLUSION: Although large individual variation was found with balance ability, an age-related decline was found with both dynamic and static balance for Japanese older women.

A case of severe thrombocytopenia in a patient with chronic hepatitis C caused by a single administration of pegylated interferon α 2a subsequent to 48 weeks of pegylated interferon α 2b plus ribavirin therapy.

A 54-year-old female with chronic hepatitis C developed severe thrombocytopenia after a single administration of Peg-IFN alpha 2a subsequent to 48 weeks of Peg-IFN alpha-2b plus ribavirin therapy. The platelet count decreased from 11.3 x 10(4) /mm(3) to 1.6 x 10(4) /mm(3). Blood test and bone marrow aspiration examination indicated that an immunological mechanism was considered for the etiology of platelet decrease. Fifty mg of prednisolone was administered and the platelet count gradually increased to the normal range. This case is very instructive since severe thrombocytopenia did not occur during 48 weeks of Peg-IFN alpha-2b plus ribavirin therapy, but occurred after a single subcutaneous administration of Peg-IFN alpha-2a during a subsequent course.

Two von Recklinghausen's disease cases with pheochromocytomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) in combination.

We here document two cases of von Recklinghausen's disease with both pheochromocytomas and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). It is very rare that these three disorders are found to occur simultaneously, although the fact that preoperative detection of GIST is difficult except with large tumors may be important in this respect. In the present cases, GIST were not evident on preoperative computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, and were identified unexpectedly during surgery. Our findings indicate that investigation of the intraperitoneal space should be performed during adrenalectomy for pheochromocytomas with von Recklinghausen's disease.

Risk factors and independent predictors of survival in patients with pulmonary epithelioid haemangioendothelioma. Review of the literature and a case report.

Pulmonary epithelioid haemangioendothelioma (PEH) is a rare pulmonary neoplasm. A patient with PEH with lymph node and pleural metastases that were discovered incidentally is described. An abnormal left upper lobe shadow was noticed on CXR in a 70-year-old woman during an assessment for the sudden onset of nausea and vomiting. Transbronchial lung biopsy did not provide a diagnosis. Lobectomy and lymph node resection were performed. The histological diagnosis of PEH was confirmed immunohistochemically by positive reactions to factor VIII-related antigen and CD34. Data on 93 patients with PEH including the present case report were analysed by Cox regression analysis using forward stepwise method to identify the risk factors, and the independent predictors of survival in patients with PEH. It revealed that male, symptomatic patients, presence of cough, haemoptysis, chest pain, multiple unilateral nodules, pleural effusion, metastases to more than one site and lymph node metastases were all significant risk factors for PEH (P<0.05). Symptomatic patients and presence of pleural effusion were the independent predictors of survival in patients with PEH.

Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the lacrimal gland.

A 55-year-old Japanese woman presented with proptosis of the left eye that showed rapid progression with profound lid oedema and chemosis with pain. Magnetic resonance imaging and helical computed tomography demonstrated a large mass of the upper temporal orbit and extended bony destruction of the frontal and zygomatic bones. She was successfully treated with orbital exenteration. A diagnosis of primary squamous cell carcinoma of the lacrimal gland was made, which was confirmed by characteristic findings seen on histopathological examination.

Metastatic germ cell tumor of the lung masquerading as primary rhabdomyosarcoma.

Two years after testicular resection was carried out in a 40-year-old man that revealed mixed germ cell tumor of more than one histological type (seminoma, embryonal cell carcinoma, and yolk sac tumor), he presented with an asymptomatic pulmonary nodule in his left lower lobe. Video-assisted thoracoscopic partial resection of the tumor revealed a 24 x 20 mm teratoma with somatic-type malignancy in which pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma was a major element. One year later, asymptomatic tumor recurrence occurred at both edges of the stapler line as 22 x 20 mm and 10 x 5 mm nodules composed only of pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma. Throughout the course there was no abdominal lymph node swelling detected by computed tomography (CT) and tumor markers were normal. Adjuvant chemotherapy was started after the tumor recurrence. Currently, the patient is still undergoing chemotherapy 5 months after the tumor recurrence. In conclusion, despite the fact that primary pulmonary rhabdromyosarcoma is a rare neoplasm, metastatic pulmonary germ cell tumor with somatic-type malignancy showing predominantly rhabdomyosarcomatous differentiation should be considered in the differential diagnosis of such lesions of the lung.