RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Persistent nipple pain is one of the most common reasons given by mothers for ceasing exclusive breastfeeding. We aimed to determine the frequency of nipple pain as a reason for consultation, the most common attributed aetiologies, and the effectiveness of the advice and treatment given. METHODS: All consultations at the Breast Feeding Centre of Western Australia (WA) were audited over two six-month periods in 2011 (n = 469) and 2014 (n = 708). Attributed cause(s) of nipple pain, microbiology results, treatment(s) advised, and resolution of pain were recorded. RESULTS: Nipple pain was one of the reasons for consultation in 36% of cases. The most common attributed cause of nipple pain was incorrect positioning and attachment, followed by tongue tie, infection, palatal anomaly, flat or inverted nipples, mastitis, and vasospasm. Advice included correction of positioning and attachment, use of a nipple shield, resting the nipples and expressing breastmilk, frenotomy, oral antibiotics, topical treatments, and cold or warm compresses. Pain was resolving or resolved in 57% of cases after 18 days (range 2-110). CONCLUSION: The multiple attributed causes of nipple pain, possibly as a result of a cascade of events, suggests that effective early lactation management for prevention of nipple pain and early diagnosis and effective treatment are crucial to avoid early weaning.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de la Mama/epidemiología , Lactancia Materna , Manejo del Dolor , Dolor/epidemiología , Dolor/etiología , Adulto , Enfermedades de la Mama/etiología , Enfermedades de la Mama/terapia , Femenino , Humanos , Incidencia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Madres , Pezones , Dimensión del Dolor , Estudios Prospectivos , Equipos de Seguridad/estadística & datos numéricos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Australia Occidental/epidemiología , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo principal conocer las vivencias de situaciones de exclusión en la participación ocupacional experimentadas por un grupo de personas mayores jubiladas de la región de Valparaíso. El estudio, de carácter cualitativo, y basado en la Teoría Fundamentada, fue llevado a cabo en diez personas mayores pertenecientes a diferentes localidades de la región de Valparaíso, quienes compartían características como edad, años de jubilación y tiempo transcurrido desde el cese de su vida laboral. Cabe destacar que el presente estudio arrojó una visión caracterizada por aspectos positivos reconocidos por las personas mayores entrevistadas en relación a su jubilación, como son el aumento del tiempo libre y mayores oportunidades de participación ocupacional. Finalmente, concluye que es el contexto social, cultural y político en el que viven las personas mayores el que influye de manera directa en las vivencias de exclusión experimentadas por las personas entrevistadas, encontrándose así estas vinculadas a una multiplicidad de factores, y no solamente a la jubilación
This research is aimed to know the experiences of exclusion situations in occupational participation experienced by a group of older people from the region of Valparaíso.The study, based on the grounded theory and qualitative methodology, was carried out with ten aged people belonged to different localities in the region of Valparaiso, who shared characteristics such as age, years of retirement and time elapsed since the cessation of their working life. It is important to highlight that the present study showed a vision characterized by positive aspects recognized by the older people interviewed related to their retirement, as the increase of free time and greater opportunities of occupational participation. Finally, concludes that it is the social, cultural and political context in which the older people live and affects directly in their situations of exclusion experienced by them and the participants, finding a connection to a multiplicity of factors, and not just the retirement.