Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 17 de 17
Filtrar
Más filtros

Banco de datos
País/Región como asunto
Tipo del documento
Intervalo de año de publicación
1.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(23)2023 Nov 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38069010

RESUMEN

Dinucleoside polyphosphates (NpnNs) are considered novel signalling molecules involved in the induction of plant defence mechanisms. However, NpnN signal recognition and transduction are still enigmatic. Therefore, the aim of our research was the identification of the NpnN receptor and signal transduction pathways evoked by these nucleotides. Earlier, we proved that purine and pyrimidine NpnNs differentially affect the phenylpropanoid pathway in Vitis vinifera suspension-cultured cells. Here, we report, for the first time, that both diadenosine tetraphosphate (Ap4A) and dicytidine tetraphosphate (Cp4C)-induced stomatal closure in Arabidopsis thaliana. Moreover, we showed that plasma membrane purinoreceptor P2K1/DORN1 (does not respond to nucleotide 1) is essential for Ap4A-induced stomata movements but not for Cp4C. Wild-type Col-0 and the dorn1-3 A. thaliana knockout mutant were used. Examination of the leaf epidermis dorn1-3 mutant provided evidence that P2K1/DORN1 is a part of the signal transduction pathway in stomatal closure evoked by extracellular Ap4A but not by Cp4C. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in signal transduction caused by Ap4A and Cp4C, leading to stomatal closure. Ap4A induced and Cp4C suppressed the transcriptional response in wild-type plants. Moreover, in dorn1-3 leaves, the effect of Ap4A on gene expression was impaired. The interaction between P2K1/DORN1 and Ap4A leads to changes in the transcription of signalling hubs in signal transduction pathways.


Asunto(s)
Arabidopsis , Arabidopsis/genética , Arabidopsis/metabolismo , Fosfatos de Dinucleósidos/farmacología , Transducción de Señal , Membrana Celular/metabolismo , Receptores Purinérgicos/metabolismo
2.
Molecules ; 27(23)2022 Dec 02.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36500557

RESUMEN

Efforts to improve the solar power conversion efficiencies of binary bulk heterojunction-type organic photovoltaic devices using an active layer consisting of a poly-(3-alkylthiophene) (P3AT) homopolymer and a suitable fullerene derivative face barriers caused by the intrinsic properties of homopolymers. To overcome such barriers, researchers might be able to chemically tailor homopolymers by means of monomer ratio-balanced block copolymerization to obtain preferable properties. Triblock copolymers consisting of three components-3-hexylthiophene (HT), 3-butylthiophene (BT), and 3-octylthiophene (OT)-were synthesized via Grignard metathesis (GRIM) polymerization. The component ratios of the synthesized block copolymers were virtually the same as the feeding ratios of the monomers, a fact which was verified using 1H-NMR spectra. All the copolymers exhibited comparable crystalline and melting temperatures, which increased when one type of monomer became dominant. In addition, their power conversion efficiencies and photoluminescence properties were governed by the major components of the copolymers. Interestingly, the HT component-dominated block copolymer indicated the highest power conversion efficiency, comparable to that of its homopolymer, although its molecular weight was significantly shorter.


Asunto(s)
Energía Solar , Tiofenos , Tiofenos/química , Polímeros/química
3.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 40: 127957, 2021 05 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33741462

RESUMEN

Trypanosoma brucei parasites cause Human African Trypanosomiasis and the current drugs for its treatment are often inefficient and toxic. This urges the need to development of new antitrypanosomal agents. We report the synthesis and biological profiling of 3'-deoxy-3'-fluororibonucleosides derived from 7-deazaadenine nucleosides bearing diverse substituents at position 7. They were synthesized through glycosylation of 6-chloro-7-bromo- or -7-iodo-7-deazapurine with protected 3'-fluororibose followed by cross-coupling reactions at position 7 and/or deprotection. Most of the title nucleosides displayed micromolar or submicromolar activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei. The most active were the 7-bromo- and 7-iododerivatives which exerted double-digit nanomolar activity against T. b. brucei and T. b. gambiense and no cytotoxicity and thus represent promising candidates for further development.


Asunto(s)
Ribonucleósidos/farmacología , Tripanocidas/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Parasitaria , Ribonucleósidos/síntesis química , Ribonucleósidos/toxicidad , Tripanocidas/síntesis química , Tripanocidas/toxicidad , Trypanosoma brucei brucei/efectos de los fármacos , Trypanosoma brucei gambiense/efectos de los fármacos
4.
Pharm Res ; 37(7): 129, 2020 Jun 16.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32548664

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Development of a nanoplatform constructed by the PEG-dual drug conjugation for co-delivery of paclitaxel (PTX) and Dihydroartemisinin (DHA) to the tumor. METHODS: PEG was conjugated with PTX and DHA to form PTX-PEG-DHA complex as a nanocarrier. The PTX and DHA were co-encapsulated in PTX-PEG-DHA nanoparticles (PD@PPD NPs) by the emulsion evaporation method. The physicochemical properties of PD@PPD Nps were characterized, including size, zeta potential, and morphology. The drug loading capacity and entrapment efficiency, in vitro drug release at different pH conditions were also evaluated. For in vitro assessment, the effects of the NPs on HT-29 colorectal cancer cells, including intracellular uptake, cytotoxicity, and Bcl-2 protein expression were assessed. The in vivo distribution of the NPs was investigated by labelling the NPs with Cyanine 5.5 fluorophore. Finally, the antitumor efficacy of the NPs was evaluated in HT-29 tumor-bearing mice. RESULTS: The nanoparticles were formed at small size (~114 nm) and narrow distribution. The combination of PTX and DHA in the DHA-PEG-PTX nanosystems (PD@PPD) showed remarkably increased apoptosis in colorectal adenocarcinoma HT-29 cells, as compared to free drug treatment. More importantly, the PD@PPD nanoparticles exhibited significantly higher accumulation in the tumor site owing to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect, effectively restrained the tumor growth in vivo at low-dose of PTX while reducing the systemic toxicity. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of PTX and DHA in a PEG-conjugated dual-drug co-delivery system can minimize the severe side effect associated with the high-dose of PTX while enhancing the antitumor efficacy.


Asunto(s)
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/química , Artemisininas/química , Neoplasias Colorrectales/tratamiento farmacológico , Nanocápsulas/química , Paclitaxel/química , Polietilenglicoles/química , Animales , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/farmacología , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Artemisininas/farmacología , Permeabilidad de la Membrana Celular , Composición de Medicamentos , Liberación de Fármacos , Colorantes Fluorescentes/química , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Células HT29 , Humanos , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Desnudos , Imagen Óptica , Paclitaxel/farmacología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-bcl-2/genética , Distribución Tisular
5.
Clin Infect Dis ; 64(suppl_2): S61-S67, 2017 May 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28475790

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: We conducted a national point prevalence survey (PPS) to determine the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial use (AMU) in Singapore acute-care hospitals. METHODS: Trained personnel collected HAI, AMU, and baseline hospital- and patient-level data of adult inpatients from 13 private and public acute-care hospitals between July 2015 and February 2016, using the PPS methodology developed by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Factors independently associated with HAIs were determined using multivariable regression. RESULTS: Of the 5415 patients surveyed, there were 646 patients (11.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.1%-12.8%) with 727 distinct HAIs, of which 331 (45.5%) were culture positive. The most common HAIs were unspecified clinical sepsis (25.5%) and pneumonia (24.8%). Staphylococcus aureus (12.9%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (11.5%) were the most common pathogens implicated in HAIs. Carbapenem nonsusceptibility rates were highest in Acinetobacter species (71.9%) and P. aeruginosa (23.6%). Male sex, increasing age, surgery during current hospitalization, and presence of central venous or urinary catheters were independently associated with HAIs. A total of 2762 (51.0%; 95% CI, 49.7%-52.3%) patients were on 3611 systemic antimicrobial agents; 462 (12.8%) were prescribed for surgical prophylaxis and 2997 (83.0%) were prescribed for treatment. Amoxicillin/clavulanate was the most frequently prescribed (24.6%) antimicrobial agent. CONCLUSIONS: This survey suggested a high prevalence of HAIs and AMU in Singapore's acute-care hospitals. While further research is necessary to understand the causes and costs of HAIs and AMU in Singapore, repeated PPSs over the next decade will be useful to gauge progress at controlling HAIs and AMU.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Infección Hospitalaria/epidemiología , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Combinación Amoxicilina-Clavulanato de Potasio/administración & dosificación , Combinación Amoxicilina-Clavulanato de Potasio/uso terapéutico , Carbapenémicos/farmacología , Infección Hospitalaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Femenino , Cirugía General , Encuestas Epidemiológicas , Hospitales , Humanos , Pacientes Internos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pautas de la Práctica en Medicina/estadística & datos numéricos , Prevalencia , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/aislamiento & purificación , Factores Sexuales , Singapur/epidemiología , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación
6.
Biol Pharm Bull ; 40(11): 1941-1947, 2017.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29093342

RESUMEN

Differentiation-inducing factor-3 (DIF-3; 1-(3-chloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one), which is found in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum, is a potential candidate compound for the development of new medicines; DIF-3 and its derivatives possess several beneficial biological activities, including anti-tumor, anti-Trypanosoma cruzi, and immunoregulatory effects. To assess the relationship between the biological activities of DIF-3 and its chemical structure, particularly in regard to its alkoxy group and the length of the alkyl chains at the acyl group, we synthesized two derivatives of DIF-3, 1-(3-chloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)octan-1-one (DIF-3(+3)) and 1-(3-chloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-butoxyphenyl)-hexan-1-one (Hex-DIF-3), and investigated their biological activities in vitro. At micro-molar levels, DIF-3(+3) and Hex-DIF-3 exhibited strong anti-proliferative effects in tumor cell cultures, but their anti-T. cruzi activities at 1 µM in vitro were not as strong as those of other known DIF derivatives. In addition, Hex-DIF-3 at 5 µM significantly suppressed mitogen-induced interleukin-2 production in vitro in Jurkat T cells. These results suggest that DIF-3(+3) and Hex-DIF-3 are promising leads for the development of anti-cancer and immunosuppressive agents.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Dictyostelium/metabolismo , Hexanonas/farmacología , Inmunosupresores/farmacología , Células 3T3 , Animales , Química Farmacéutica , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Células HeLa , Hexanonas/química , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Células Jurkat , Ratones , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Tripanocidas/farmacología , Trypanosoma cruzi/efectos de los fármacos
7.
Bioorg Med Chem ; 23(15): 4311-4315, 2015 Aug 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26122773

RESUMEN

The multiple pharmacological activities of differentiation-inducing factor-1 (DIF-1) of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum led us to examine the use of DIF-1 as a 'drug template' to develop promising seed compounds for drug discovery. DIF-1 and its derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their regulatory activities in innate immune responses. We found two new derivatives (4d and 5e) with highly selective inhibitory activities against production of the antimicrobial peptide attacin in Drosophila S2 cells and against production of interleukin-2 in Jurkat cells.


Asunto(s)
Hexanonas/química , Inmunidad Innata/efectos de los fármacos , Inmunosupresores/química , Inmunosupresores/farmacología , Animales , Animales Modificados Genéticamente , Benceno/química , Técnicas de Química Sintética , Dictyostelium , Drosophila/citología , Drosophila/inmunología , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos/métodos , Hexanonas/farmacología , Humanos , Proteínas de Insectos/metabolismo , Interleucina-2/metabolismo , Células Jurkat/efectos de los fármacos , Células Jurkat/metabolismo
8.
Vet Immunol Immunopathol ; 272: 110755, 2024 Jun.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38643554

RESUMEN

Probiotics are essential in the body's nutrients, improving the ratio of meat to meat, immune response, and preventing diseases. In this study, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs), enriched related pathways, and Gene Ontology (GO) terms among blank negative control (NC), supplemented with Bacillus spp. (BS) and commercial probiotic (PC) groups after a 42-day fed supplementation. The results showed that 2005, 1356, and 2189 DEGs were significantly altered in BS vs. NC, PC vs NC, and BS vs PC groups, respectively. On the other hand, 9 DEGs were further validated by qRT-PCR, indicating that the qRT-PCR and RNA-Seq results were more consistent. Therefore, the GO and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses of DEGs showed that the DEGs were mainly enriched to metabolism signalling pathways (alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, tryptophan metabolism, tyrosine metabolism, ether lipid metabolism, and metabolic pathway, etc) and immune response pathways (cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, MAPK signalling pathway, and intestinal immune network for IgA production, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction etc). These results will provide a better understanding of the role of probiotics in chicken development and provide basic information on the genetic development of chickens.


Asunto(s)
Bacillus , Pollos , Probióticos , Transducción de Señal , Bazo , Animales , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Probióticos/farmacología , Pollos/inmunología , Pollos/genética , Pollos/microbiología , Bazo/metabolismo , Bazo/inmunología , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Suplementos Dietéticos , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/veterinaria , Ontología de Genes
9.
Bioorg Med Chem ; 21(15): 4628-33, 2013 Aug 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23746784

RESUMEN

Cellular slime molds are expected to have the huge potential for producing secondary metabolites including polyketides, and we have studied the diversity of secondary metabolites of cellular slime molds for their potential utilization as new biological resources for natural product chemistry. From the methanol extract of fruiting bodies of Polysphondylium filamentosum, we obtained new chlorinated benzofurans Pf-1 (4) and Pf-2 (5) which display multiple biological activities; these include stalk cell differentiation-inducing activity in the well-studied cellular slime mold, Dictyostelium discoideum, and inhibitory activities on cell proliferation in mammalian cells and gene expression in Drosophila melanogaster.


Asunto(s)
Benzofuranos/aislamiento & purificación , Benzofuranos/farmacología , Dictyosteliida/química , Animales , Benzofuranos/química , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Dictyosteliida/metabolismo , Drosophila melanogaster , Femenino , Expresión Génica , Células HeLa , Humanos , Hidrocarburos Clorados/química , Hidrocarburos Clorados/aislamiento & purificación , Hidrocarburos Clorados/farmacología , Modelos Moleculares , Resonancia Magnética Nuclear Biomolecular
10.
BMC Health Serv Res ; 12: 281, 2012 Aug 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22929001

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a leading cause of death in Canada and is a priority area for medical research. The research funding landscape in Canada has changed quite a bit over the last few decades, as have funding levels. Our objective was to estimate the magnitude of expenditures on CVD research for the public and charitable (not-for profit) sectors in Canada between 1975 and 2005. METHODS: To estimate research expenditures for the public and charitable sectors, we compiled a complete list of granting agencies in Canada, contacted each agency and the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), and extracted data from the organizations' annual reports and the Reference Lists of health research in Canada. Two independent reviewers scanned all grant and fellowship/scholarship titles (and summary/key words, when available) of all research projects funded to determine their inclusion in our analysis; only grants and fellowships/scholarships that focused on heart and peripheral vascular diseases were selected. RESULTS: Public/charitable sector funding increased 7.5 times, from close to $13 million (in constant dollars) in 1975 to almost $96 million (in constant dollars) in 2005 (base year). The Medical Research Council of Canada (MRCC)/CIHR and the Heart & Stroke Foundation of Canada have been the main founders of this type of research during our analysis period; the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research and the Fonds de la recherche en santé du Quebec have played major roles at the provincial level. The Indirect Costs Research Program and Canada Foundation for Innovation have played major roles in terms of funding in the last years of our analysis. CONCLUSION: Public/charitable-funded research expenditures devoted to CVD have increased substantially over the last three decades. By international standards, the evidence suggests Canada spends less on health-related research than the UK and the US, at least in absolute terms. However, this may not be too problematic as Canada is likely to free-ride from research undertaken elsewhere. Understanding these past trends in research funding may provide decision makers with important information for planning future research efforts. Future work in this area should include the use of our coding methods to obtain estimates of funded research for other diseases in Canada.


Asunto(s)
Investigación Biomédica/economía , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/prevención & control , Costo de Enfermedad , Gastos en Salud/estadística & datos numéricos , Apoyo a la Investigación como Asunto , Academias e Institutos , Informes Anuales como Asunto , Canadá , Becas/clasificación , Gastos en Salud/tendencias , Humanos , Organizaciones sin Fines de Lucro/estadística & datos numéricos , Organizaciones sin Fines de Lucro/tendencias , Sector Público/estadística & datos numéricos , Sector Público/tendencias , Apoyo a la Investigación como Asunto/clasificación , Apoyo a la Investigación como Asunto/economía
11.
Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act ; 8: 109, 2011 Oct 06.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21978599

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Comprehensive, multi-level approaches are required to address obesity. One important target for intervention is the economic domain. The purpose of this study was to synthesize existing evidence regarding the impact of economic policies targeting obesity and its causal behaviours (diet, physical activity), and to make specific recommendations for the Canadian context. METHODS: Arksey and O'Malley's (2005) methodological framework for conducting scoping reviews was adopted for this study and this consisted of two phases: 1) a structured literature search and review, and 2) consultation with experts in the research field through a Delphi survey and an in-person expert panel meeting in April 2010. RESULTS: Two key findings from the scoping review included 1) consistent evidence that weight outcomes are responsive to food and beverage prices. The debate on the use of food taxes and subsidies to address obesity should now shift to how best to address practical issues in designing such policies; and 2) very few studies have examined the impact of economic instruments to promote physical activity and clear policy recommendations cannot be made at this time. Delphi survey findings emphasised the relatively modest impact any specific economic instrument would have on obesity independently. Based on empirical evidence and expert opinion, three recommendations were supported. First, to create and implement an effective health filter to review new and current agricultural polices to reduce the possibility that such policies have a deleterious impact on population rates of obesity. Second, to implement a caloric sweetened beverage tax. Third, to examine how to implement fruit and vegetable subsidies targeted at children and low income households. CONCLUSIONS: In terms of economic interventions, shifting from empirical evidence to policy recommendation remains challenging. Overall, the evidence is not sufficiently strong to provide clear policy direction. Additionally, the nature of the experiments needed to provide definitive evidence supporting certain policy directions is likely to be complex and potentially unfeasible. However, these are not reasons to take no action. It is likely that policies need to be implemented in the face of an incomplete evidence base.


Asunto(s)
Dieta/economía , Servicios de Alimentación/economía , Abastecimiento de Alimentos/economía , Política Nutricional/economía , Obesidad/economía , Impuestos , Peso Corporal , Técnica Delphi , Sacarosa en la Dieta/economía , Ejercicio Físico , Frutas , Humanos , Obesidad/prevención & control , Pobreza , Política Pública , Verduras
12.
Polymers (Basel) ; 13(19)2021 Oct 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34641255

RESUMEN

A series of poly-3-alkylthiophenes (P3ATs) with butyl (P3BT), hexyl (P3HT), and octyl (P3OT) side-chains and well-defined molecular weights (MWs) were synthesized using Grignard metathesis polymerization. The MWs of P3HTs and P3OTs obtained via gel permeation chromatography agreed well with the calculated MWs ranging from approximately 10 to 70 kDa. Differential scanning calorimetry results showed that the crystalline melting temperature increased with increasing MWs and decreasing alkyl side-chain length, whereas the crystallinity of the P3ATs increased with the growth of MWs. An MW-dependent red shift was observed in the UV-Vis and photoluminiscence spectra of the P3ATs in solution, which might be a strong evidence for the extended effective conjugation occurring in polymers with longer chain lengths. The photoluminescence quantum yields of pristine films in all polymers were lower than those of the diluted solutions, whereas they were higher than those of the phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester-blended films. The UV-Vis spectra of the films showed fine structures with pronounced red shifts, and the interchain interaction-induced features were weakly dependent on the MW but significantly dependent on the alkyl side-chain length. The photovoltaic device performances of the P3BT and P3HT samples significantly improved upon blending with a fullerene derivative and subsequent annealing, whereas those of P3OTs mostly degraded, particularly after annealing. The optimal power conversion efficiencies of P3BT, P3HT, and P3OT were 2.4%, 3.6%, and 1.5%, respectively, after annealing with MWs of ~11, ~39, and ~38 kDa, respectively.

13.
Biol Open ; 6(6): 741-751, 2017 Jun 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28619991

RESUMEN

Differentiation-inducing factor-1 [1-(3,5-dichloro-2,6-dihydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)hexan-1-one (DIF-1)] is an important regulator of cell differentiation and chemotaxis in the development of the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum However, the entire signaling pathways downstream of DIF-1 remain to be elucidated. To characterize DIF-1 and its potential receptor(s), we synthesized two fluorescent derivatives of DIF-1, boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY)-conjugated DIF-1 (DIF-1-BODIPY) and nitrobenzoxadiazole (NBD)-conjugated DIF-1 (DIF-1-NBD), and investigated their biological activities and cellular localization. DIF-1-BODIPY (5 µM) and DIF-1 (2 nM) induced stalk cell differentiation in the DIF-deficient strain HM44 in the presence of cyclic adenosine monosphosphate (cAMP), whereas DIF-1-NBD (5 µM) hardly induced stalk cell differentiation under the same conditions. Microscopic analyses revealed that the biologically active derivative, DIF-1-BODIPY, was incorporated by stalk cells at late stages of differentiation and was localized to mitochondria. The mitochondrial uncouplers carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (CCCP), at 25-50 nM, and dinitrophenol (DNP), at 2.5-5 µM, induced partial stalk cell differentiation in HM44 in the presence of cAMP. DIF-1-BODIPY (1-2 µM) and DIF-1 (10 nM), as well as CCCP and DNP, suppressed chemotaxis in the wild-type strain Ax2 in shallow cAMP gradients. These results suggest that DIF-1-BODIPY and DIF-1 induce stalk cell differentiation and modulate chemotaxis, at least in part, by disturbing mitochondrial activity.

14.
Hum Vaccin Immunother ; 12(5): 1257-64, 2016 05 03.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26890128

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Economic evaluations should form part of the basis for public health decision making on new vaccine programs. While Canada's national immunization advisory committee does not systematically include economic evaluations in immunization decision making, there is increasing interest in adopting them. We therefore sought to examine the extent and quality of economic evaluations of vaccines in Canada. OBJECTIVE: We conducted a systematic review of economic evaluations of vaccines in Canada to determine and summarize: comprehensiveness across jurisdictions, studied vaccines, funding sources, study designs, research quality, and changes over time. METHODS: Searches in multiple databases were conducted using the terms "vaccine," "economics" and "Canada." Descriptive data from eligible manuscripts was abstracted and three authors independently evaluated manuscript quality using a 7-point Likert-type scale scoring tool based on criteria from the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). RESULTS: 42/175 articles met the search criteria. Of these, Canada-wide studies were most common (25/42), while provincial studies largely focused on the three populous provinces of Ontario, Quebec and British Columbia. The most common funding source was industry (17/42), followed by government (7/42). 38 studies used mathematical models estimating expected economic benefit while 4 studies examined post-hoc data on established programs. Studies covered 10 diseases, with 28/42 addressing pediatric vaccines. Many studies considered cost-utility (22/42) and the majority of these studies reported favorable economic results (16/22). The mean quality score was 5.9/7 and was consistent over publication date, funding sources, and disease areas. CONCLUSIONS: We observed diverse approaches to evaluate vaccine economics in Canada. Given the increased complexity of economic studies evaluating vaccines and the impact of results on public health practice, Canada needs improved, transparent and consistent processes to review and assess the findings of the economic evaluations of vaccines.


Asunto(s)
Programas de Inmunización , Vacunación/economía , Vacunas/economía , Colombia Británica , Canadá , Análisis Costo-Beneficio , Toma de Decisiones , Humanos , Programas de Inmunización/economía , Ontario , Evaluación de Resultado en la Atención de Salud , Quebec
15.
NPJ Prim Care Respir Med ; 25: 15064, 2015 Oct 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26511220

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Nocturnal asthma symptoms result in poor quality of life and morbidity. AIMS: This study primarily examines key factors predicting and mitigating nocturnal symptom risks among asthma patients, who were enrolled into a Singapore publicly funded asthma care programme. It also studies the association between nocturnal symptoms and medication changes as the secondary outcome. METHODS: A longitudinal study was conducted on 939 multi-racial Asian patients with persistent asthma. Patient clinical and therapeutic data were retrieved retrospectively from the programme's database established in 2004. Association between nocturnal symptoms (defined as night-time cough, wheeze and breathlessness at least twice monthly) and each categorical predictor was tested. The generalised linear mixed-effects model (GLIMM) was used to model the primary and secondary outcomes. RESULTS: Having nocturnal asthma symptoms was significantly associated with the number of days with breathlessness, off usual activities and off work, and asthma severity at baseline (all P values <0.05). The asthma action plan (AAP) status is significantly associated with nocturnal symptoms after adjusting for race, age and smoking status at baseline (odds ratio (OR)=0.49 (updated asthma action plan versus none), OR=0.37 (been-on plan versus none)). The risks of nocturnal asthma symptoms increased over time for those with allergic rhinitis (OR=1.52) and reduced with subsequent visits (OR=0.91). Nocturnal symptoms increased the odds (OR=2.87) of switching from inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) to combination medications (ICS-LABA (long-acting ß2-agonist)). CONCLUSIONS: The risks of having nocturnal symptoms were primarily associated with those with allergic rhinitis. An increase in patients' nocturnal symptoms was also predictive of the switching from ICS medications to combination formulations by their physicians.


Asunto(s)
Pueblo Asiatico , Asma/fisiopatología , Tos/fisiopatología , Disnea/fisiopatología , Atención Primaria de Salud , Ruidos Respiratorios/fisiopatología , Administración por Inhalación , Corticoesteroides/uso terapéutico , Agonistas de Receptores Adrenérgicos beta 2/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Anciano , Antiasmáticos/uso terapéutico , Asma/complicaciones , Asma/tratamiento farmacológico , Tos/etiología , Sustitución de Medicamentos , Quimioterapia Combinada , Disnea/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Estudios Longitudinales , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Ruidos Respiratorios/etiología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Rinitis Alérgica/complicaciones , Singapur , Factores de Tiempo , Adulto Joven
16.
Asian J Surg ; 25(2): 145-8, 2002 Apr.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-12376235

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVES: Intestinal obstruction due to tuberculosis is a rare form of mechanical bowel obstruction. The objectives of this study were to determine the clinical features, to evaluate the role of surgery and to choose procedures in management of this disease. METHODS: In this 7-year retrospective study (from 1992 to 1998), 23 patients (20 males, three females) were included, accounting for 4.5% of all mechanical intestinal obstructions. More than 80% of the patients had a clinical picture of lower small bowel obstruction, while 90.5% of patients had advanced pulmonary tuberculosis. RESULTS: In 54.6% of cases, obstruction occurred in the ileocaecal region. The main lesion causing obstruction was intestinal tuberculosis in the hypertrophic form (86.4%). Diagnosis of intestinal tuberculosis as a cause of obstruction was not easy because it has no specific symptoms and signs. CONCLUSION: In terms of management, ileocolostomy was often used (68.2%) but long-term results were not very good. Blind loop syndrome was one of its disadvantages. Resection may be the safe and effective procedure.


Asunto(s)
Obstrucción Intestinal/etiología , Obstrucción Intestinal/cirugía , Tuberculosis/complicaciones , Tuberculosis/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Obstrucción Intestinal/diagnóstico , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tuberculosis/diagnóstico
17.
Forum Health Econ Policy ; 17(2): 169-195, 2014 Sep 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31419882

RESUMEN

Bans on retail tobacco displays, of the type proposed by New York's Mayor Bloomberg in March 2013, have been operative in several economies since 2001. Despite an enormous number of studies in public health journals using attitudinal data, we can find no econometric event studies of the type normally used in Economics. This paper attempts to fill that gap by using data from 13 cross sections of the annual Canadian Tobacco Use Monitoring Surveys. These data afford an ideal opportunity to study events of this type given that each of Canada's 10 provinces implemented display bans at various points between 2003 and 2009. Accordingly, we use difference-in-difference methods to study three behaviors following the introduction of bans: participation in smoking, the intensity of smoking and quit intentions. A critical element of the study concerns the treatment of contraband tobacco. Our estimates provide very little support for the hypothesis that behaviors changed following the bans.

SELECCIÓN DE REFERENCIAS
DETALLE DE LA BÚSQUEDA