Contribution of Solid Food to Achieve Individual Nutritional Requirement during a Continuous 438 km Mountain Ultramarathon in Female Athlete.

BACKGROUND: Races and competitions over 100 miles have recently increased. Limited information exists about the effect of multiday continuous endurance exercise on blood glucose control and appropriate intake of food and drink in a female athlete. The present study aimed to examine the variation of blood glucose control and its relationship with nutritional intake and running performance in a professional female athlete during a 155.7 h ultramarathon race with little sleep. METHODS: We divided the mountain course of 438 km into 33 segments by timing gates and continuously monitored the participant's glucose profile throughout the ultramarathon. The running speed in each segment was standardized to the scheduled required time-based on three trial runs. Concurrently, the accompanying runners recorded the participant's food and drink intake. Nutrient, energy, and water intake were then calculated. RESULTS: Throughout the ultramarathon of 155.7 h, including 16.0 h of rest and sleep, diurnal variation had almost disappeared with the overall increase in blood glucose levels (25-30 mg/dL) compared with that during resting (p < 0.0001). Plasma total protein and triglyceride levels were decreased after the ultramarathon. The intake of protein and fat directly or indirectly contributed to maintaining blood glucose levels and running speed as substrates for gluconeogenesis or as alternative sources of energy when the carbohydrate intake was at a lower recommended limit. The higher amounts of nutrient intakes from solid foods correlated with a higher running pace compared with those from liquids and gels to supply carbohydrates, protein, and fat. CONCLUSION: Carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake from solid foods contributed to maintaining a fast pace with a steady, mild rise in blood glucose levels compared with liquids and gels when female runner completed a multiday continuous ultramarathon with little sleep.

Effects of habitual perilla (shiso) tea drinking on the incidence of diabetes mellitus in spontaneously diabetic Trii (SDT)rats.

The anti-diabetic effect of perilla (shiso) tea was evaluated in vivo. When shiso tea was given to model rats that spontaneously developed diabetes mellitus (DM), the development of DM was decelerated. In oral glucose tolerance tests, the disappearance of blood glucose in rats administered shiso tea was reinforced. These results suggest that habitual drinking of shiso tea is effective in preventing the onset of diabetes.

Application of Continuous Glucose Monitoring for Assessment of Individual Carbohydrate Requirement during Ultramarathon Race.

BACKGROUND: The current study intended to evaluate the feasibility of the application of continuous glucose monitoring to guarantee optimal intake of carbohydrate to maintain blood glucose levels during a 160-km ultramarathon race. METHODS: Seven ultramarathon runners (four male and three female) took part in the study. The glucose profile was monitored continuously throughout the race, which was divided into 11 segments by timing gates. Running speed in each segment was standardized to the average of the top five finishers for each gender. Food and drink intake during the race were recorded and carbohydrate and energy intake were calculated. RESULTS: Observed glucose levels ranged between 61.9-252.0 mg/dL. Average glucose concentration differed from the start to the end of the race (104 ± 15.0 to 164 ± 30.5 SD mg/dL). The total amount of carbohydrate intake during the race ranged from 0.27 to 1.14 g/kg/h. Glucose concentration positively correlated with running speeds in segments (P < 0.005). Energy and carbohydrate intake positively correlated with overall running speed (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that continuous glucose monitoring could be practical to guarantee optimal carbohydrate intake for each ultramarathon runner.

Ultrasonic effects on electroorganic processes. Part 25. Stereoselectivity control in cathodic debromination of stilbenedibromides.

Ultrasonic effects on the cathodic debromination of stilbenedibromides on a platinum cathode was examined. Current efficiency and stereoselectivity for trans-stilbene, which was formed along with cis-stilbene in the cathodic debromination of stilbenedibromides, were significantly increased under ultrasonication with an intensity over the ultrasonic cavitation threshold. This ultrasonic effect is rationalized as due to mass transport promotion in the electrode-electrolytic solution interface. A mechanism for the ultrasonic effect is discussed in detail on the basis of the reaction pathway of the debromination of stilbenedibromides.

Preparation of conducting polyaniline colloids under ultrasonication.

The effects of ultrasonication on the chemical polymerization of aniline leading to the formation of conducting polyaniline colloids were examined. The formation rate of the colloids was significantly increased under ultrasonication. Furthermore, it was also observed that the morphological structure of the colloids thus prepared was greatly affected by the sonication. The polyaniline colloids were further characterized by a range of techniques including electric resistance meter, gel permeation chromatography, FT-IR and cyclic voltammetry. It is noteworthy that the application of ultrasound to the polymerization resulted in a marked increase in the doping level, which reflected to the high electroconductivity of polyaniline colloids.