RESUMEN
Metabolic disorders including obesity and type 2 diabetes are known to be associated with chronic inflammation and are obvious risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. Recent evidences concerning obesity and diabetes suggest that the metabolic inflammasome ("metaflammasome") mediates chronic inflammation. The double-stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR) is a central component of the metaflammasome. In wild type (WT) and PKR-/- mice, blood glucose, insulin and lipid levels and the brain expression of the phosphorylated components of the metaflammasome-PKR, JNK, IRS1 and IKKbeta-were studied after the induction of obesity by a high fat diet (HFD). The results showed significant increased levels of activated brain metaflammasome proteins in exposed WT mice but the changes were not significant in PKR-/- mice. In addition, gain weight was observed in WT mice and also in PKR-/- mice exposed to HFD. Increased blood insulin level was more accentuated in PKR -/- mice. The modulation of PKR activity could be an appropriate therapeutic approach, aimed at reducing abnormal brain metabolism and inflammation linked to metabolic disorders in order to reduce the risk of neurodegeneration.
Asunto(s)
Glucemia/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Insulina/sangre , Obesidad/metabolismo , eIF-2 Quinasa/genética , Animales , Encéfalo/patología , HDL-Colesterol/sangre , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Prueba de Tolerancia a la Glucosa , Quinasa I-kappa B/genética , Quinasa I-kappa B/metabolismo , Inflamación , Proteínas Sustrato del Receptor de Insulina/genética , Proteínas Sustrato del Receptor de Insulina/metabolismo , MAP Quinasa Quinasa 4/genética , MAP Quinasa Quinasa 4/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , Obesidad/etiología , Obesidad/genética , Obesidad/patología , Transducción de Señal , Triglicéridos/sangre , Aumento de Peso/genética , eIF-2 Quinasa/deficienciaRESUMEN
A 49-year-old man had uneventful endocapsular phacoemulsification with in-the-bag implantation of an AcrySof SA60AT single-piece intraocular lens (IOL) (Alcon) in the right eye. Twenty-seven days postoperatively, he presented with ocular pain, intraocular pressure of 48 mm Hg, 360 degrees of hyperpigmentation of the trabecular meshwork, and iris pigment epithelial atrophy in the region of the upper temporal haptic, which had dislocated into the sulcus. The patient made an excellent recovery following IOL removal and exchange. Scanning electron microscopy of the explanted IOL demonstrated that the haptic had a rough lateral surface and anterolateral edge. We do not think this IOL should be implanted in the sulcus placement of the heptics. In this article, we report the case of a patient with an AcrySof SA60ATIOL (Alcon) who developed acute pigmentary glaucoma when the inferior haptic slipped out of the bag and came into contact with the pigmented iris and ciliary body.