Pathophysiology and surgical outcomes of patients with fungal peritonitis from upper gastrointestinal tract perforation: a retrospective study.

PURPOSE: To compare the pathophysiology and surgical outcomes of emergency surgery for upper gastrointestinal tract perforation with and without fungal peritonitis and identify the risk factors for fungal peritonitis. METHODS: The subjects of this retrospective study were patients with upper gastrointestinal perforation and peritonitis who underwent emergency surgery at a single medical center in Japan. The patients were allocated to two groups according to the presence or absence of fungal peritonitis: group F and group N, respectively. RESULTS: At the time of surgery, ascitic fluid culture or serum ß-D glucan levels were available for 54 patients: 29 from group F and 25 from group N, respectively. The stomach was perforated in 14 patients (25.9%) and the duodenum was perforated in 40 patients (74.1%). Group F had a higher proportion of patients with low preoperative prognostic nutritional index scores (≤ 40) and C-reactive protein levels and a higher postoperative complication rate. The time to initiate food intake and the postoperative hospital stay were also significantly longer in group F. Multivariate analysis identified that the perforation site of the stomach was a risk factor for fungal peritonitis. CONCLUSION: Patients with fungal peritonitis from upper gastrointestinal tract perforation had higher postoperative complication rates, delayed postoperative recovery, and a longer hospital stay. Gastric perforation was a risk factor for fungal peritonitis.

Background factors of idiopathic peptic ulcers and optimal treatment methods: a multicenter retrospective Japanese study.

This study investigated the trends in idiopathic peptic ulcers, examined the characteristics of refractory idiopathic peptic ulcer, and identified the optimal treatment. The characteristics of 309 patients with idiopathic peptic ulcer were examined. We allocated idiopathic peptic ulcers that did not heal after 8 weeks' treatment (6 weeks for duodenal ulcers) to the refractory group and those that healed within this period to the healed group. The typical risk factors for idiopathic peptic ulcer (atherosclerosis-related underlying disease or liver cirrhosis complications) were absent in 46.6% of patients. Absence of gastric mucosal atrophy (refractory group: 51.4%, healed group: 28.4%; p = 0.016), and gastric fundic gland polyps (refractory group: 17.6%, healed group: 5.9%; p = 0.045) were significantly more common in the refractory group compared to the healed group. A history of H. pylori eradication (refractory group: 85.3%, healed group: 66.0%; p = 0.016), previous H. pylori infection (i.e., gastric mucosal atrophy or history of H. pylori eradication) (refractory group: 48.5%, healed group: 80.0%; p = 0.001), and potassium-competitive acid blocker treatment (refractory group: 28.6%, healed group, 64.1%; p = 0.001) were significantly more frequent in the healed group compared to the refractory group. Thus, acid hypersecretion may be a major factor underlying the refractoriness of idiopathic peptic ulcer.

Short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic versus open gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the short- and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) in patients with advanced gastric cancer following neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) to determine its safety and feasibility. METHODS: We retrospectively investigated 51 patients who underwent gastrectomy for locally advanced gastric cancer [cT3-4/N1-3 or macroscopic type 3 (> 80 mm) or type 4] following NAC between November 2009 and January 2018. After excluding two patients who underwent palliative surgery due to peritoneal dissemination, 49 patients were ultimately selected for this cohort study. The patients were then divided into the LG group and open gastrectomy (OG) group, after which the clinicopathological characteristics as well as short- and long-term outcomes were examined. RESULTS: Compared with the OG group, the LG group demonstrated a significantly lower amount of intraoperative blood loss and a shorter hospital stay. The overall complication rates were 10% (2 of 20 patients) and 24% (7 of 29 patients) in the LG and OG groups (P = 0.277), respectively. No significant differences in 5-year disease-free (LG 44.4% vs. OG 53.3%; P = 0.382) or overall survival rates (LG 46.9% vs. OG 54.0%; P = 0.422) were observed between the groups. Multivariate analysis revealed that the surgical procedure (LG vs. OG) was not an independent risk factor for disease-free (P = 0.645) or overall survival (P = 0.489). CONCLUSIONS: LG may be a potential therapeutic option for patients with gastric cancer following NAC considering its high success rates and acceptable short- and long-term outcomes.

Efficacy and Cost-effectiveness of Pegfilgrastim for Preventing Febrile Neutropenia During Docetaxel, Cisplatin, and 5-Fluorouracil Therapy for Esophageal Cancer.

BACKGROUND/AIM: The docetaxel, 5-fluorouracil, and cisplatin (DCF) regimen is an effective form of chemotherapy for advanced esophageal cancer. However, the incidence of adverse events, such as febrile neutropenia (FN), is high. This study retrospectively examined whether pegfilgrastim treatment reduces FN development during DCF therapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This study evaluated 52 patients who were diagnosed with esophageal cancer and underwent DCF therapy at Jikei Daisan Hospital, Tokyo, Japan, between 2016 and 2020. They were divided into non-pegfilgrastim and pegfilgrastim-treated groups, and side-effects of chemotherapy and cost-effectiveness of pegfilgrastim were examined. RESULTS: Eighty-six cycles of DCF therapy were conducted (33 and 53 cycles, respectively). FN was observed in 20 (60.6%) and seven (13.2%) cases, respectively (p<0.001). The lowest absolute neutrophil count during chemotherapy was significantly lower in the non-pegfilgrastim group (p<0.001), and the number of days until improvement from nadir was significantly shorter in the pegfilgrastim group (9 vs. 11 days; p<0.001). No significant difference was found in the onset of grade 2 or more adverse events by Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. However, renal dysfunction was significantly lower in the pegfilgrastim group (30.7% vs. 60.6%, p=0.038). Hospitalization costs were also significantly lower in this group (692,839 vs. 879,431 Japanese yen, p=0.028). CONCLUSION: This study revealed the usefulness and cost-effectiveness of pegfilgrastim in prevention of FN in patients treated with DCF.

Prognostic significance of preoperative osteopenia on outcomes after gastrectomy for gastric cancer.

Aim: Osteopenia, characterized by low bone mineral density, is a potential prognostic factor for patients with cancer. The aim of this study was to clarify the impact of preoperative osteopenia in patients with gastric cancer (GC) after gastrectomy. Methods: We included 224 patients with GC who underwent gastrectomy between August 2013 and May 2022. Osteopenia was evaluated by measuring the pixel density in the mid-vertebral core of the 11th thoracic vertebra using computed tomography. Results: Osteopenia was identified in 68 patients (30%). The osteopenia group had significantly worse overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) than the non-osteopenia group (P < .01, P < .01, respectively). The postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer, and the occurrence of postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo grade ≥ III) was significantly higher in the osteopenia group (P = .04, P < .01, respectively). In multivariate analysis, osteopenia (P < .01), stage ≥II (P < .01), and R1 or R2 curability (P < .01) were independent and significant predictors of DFS. Additionally, osteopenia (P < .01), intraoperative blood loss (P = .04), stage ≥II (P < .01), and R1 or R2 curability (P < .01) were independent and significant predictors of OS. Conclusion: Preoperative osteopenia was independently associated with a poor prognosis and recurrence in patients who underwent gastrectomy for GC.

[A case report of complete response to low-dose S-1 monotherapy for pancreatic cancer in elderly patient].

A 87-year-old woman was diagnosed with pancreatic body cancer(Stage II ). Because of her age and history of open distal partial gastrectomy, it seemed that having her undergo an invasive surgery would be difficult. Therefore, S-1 was administered orally at a dose of 50mg/day for 28 consecutive days followed by a 14-day rest course(low-dose S-1 monotherapy). After 2 courses, the tumor marker(CA19-9)dramatically decreased to within the normal range. After 5 courses, the tumor could not be identified on the abdominal CT image, and it was judged to be a complete response. Low-dose S-1 monotherapy may be useful for improving the prognosis of pancreatic cancer without causing intolerable toxicity, especially for elderly patients.

Successful treatment of advanced gastric cancer with liver metastasis by S-1 + CDDP and S-1 therapy without surgery.

It is generally reported that prognosis of patients who have unresectable gastric cancer is from 3 to 5 months with best supportive care. Despite the improvement of survival after the appearance of S-1, the outcome of treatment for advanced gastric cancer is still unfavorable. Here we present a valuable case of advanced gastric cancer with synchronous liver metastasis, which was treated by S-1 + CDDP and S-1 therapy without surgery. A 58-year-old man was referred to our hospital with a diagnosis of advanced gastric cancer with liver metastasis at stage of cT3N0M1. He underwent first-line chemotherapy consisting of S-1 plus cispatin. 3 months later, a follow-up endoscopy revealed complete response (CR) of the gastric lesion. 3 months later, computed tomography (CT) also demonstrated disappearance of liver metastasis. Then he underwent maintenance chemotherapy with S-1 alone for 8 months. To date, there has been no recurrence for 6 years and 6 months since the acquisition of CR.

Clinical outcomes of laparoscopic cholecystectomy with accidental gallbladder perforation.

INTRODUCTION: Accidental gallbladder perforation frequently occurs during laparoscopic cholecystectomy and may increase the risk of infection. However, the necessity of antimicrobial prophylaxis for these patients is unclear. The aim of this study was to examine the clinical outcomes and necessity of antimicrobial prophylaxis after laparoscopic cholecystectomy with gallbladder perforation. METHODS: One hundred patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy were divided into two groups: patients with gallbladder perforation (Group A, n = 37) and patients without perforation (Group B, n = 63). We compared the white blood cell count and C-reactive protein level the day after the operation, the complication rates of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and surgical-site infection, and postoperative hospital stay between the two groups. All patients received antimicrobial prophylaxis only once before the operation. RESULTS: There were significant differences in every variable with the exception of postoperative hospital stay. Group A had a higher risk of infection, but the postoperative clinical course of Group A was not inferior to that of Group B. CONCLUSION: The clinical outcomes of patients with accidental gallbladder perforation were acceptable, and the use of antimicrobial prophylaxis once before the operation was sufficient.