Isthmus of a horseshoe kidney overlying a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm: a case report.

Horseshoe kidney is a rare congenital anomaly showing various degrees of fusion and accessory blood supply. Coexistence of horseshoe kidney and aortic aneurysm therefore presents a technical challenge to vascular surgeons. We report an 83-year-old woman with a ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm associated with horseshoe kidney. Preoperative computed tomography (CT) showed discontinuity of the aneurysm wall in relation to the isthmus of the horseshoe kidney, and rupture of the aneurysm into the retroperitoneal space. The aneurysm was exposed via a transperitoneal approach, and grafting was performed successfully together with division of the isthmus of the horseshoe kidney. Renal function showed no impairment postoperatively.

Surgical lead-preserving procedures for pacemaker pocket infection.

BACKGROUND: In the treatment of pacemaker pocket infection, removal of the entire pacing system has been considered necessary to avoid recurrent infection. We report a series of patients treated surgically by our lead-preserving procedures. METHODS: Between 1990 and 2001, a total of 18 patients underwent one of two types of lead-preserving procedures. Procedure 1 preserves the full length of the lead, and procedure 2 preserves only the distal part of the lead. Signs of bacteremia, endocarditis, or purulent material within the lead insulation preclude application of these procedures in patients with potential or definite pacemaker pocket infection. RESULTS: Seventeen patients who met the indications for our procedures were discharged 7 to 14 days (8.9 +/- 2.4 days, mean +/- SD) postoperatively without signs of infection and were followed up for a total of 987 patient-months until the close of the study or death without recurrent infection. The remaining 1 patient, who did not meet the indications, suffered reinfection soon after the operation. CONCLUSIONS: The follow-up data suggest that our lead-preserving procedures should be considered as alternatives to conventional removal of the entire pacing system in cases of pocket infection that meet specific criteria.

Surgical treatment of atherosclerotic and dysplastic aneurysms of the extracranial internal carotid artery.

Atherosclerotic and dysplastic aneurysms of the extracranial internal carotid artery are rare in Japan. We have experienced only four cases since 1982. The patients were two men and two women with a mean age of 67 years (range 51 to 82 years). All four patients had a saccular type aneurysm; sizes ranged from 30 to 75 mm. Aneurysmectomy and end-to-end anastomosis of the internal carotid artery could be performed in two patients. One patient underwent aneurysmorrhaphy followed by primary closure of the internal carotid artery, and the remaining patient underwent aneurysmectomy followed by a prosthetic graft replacement (6 mm-PTFE graft). During aneurysm repair, simple arterial cross-clamping (time 18 to 57 min; mean +/- SD: 31.3 +/- 18.0 min) was used in all patients. During arterial clamping of the carotid artery in two patients, somatosensory evoked potentials and regional cerebral oxygen saturation detected by near-infrared spectroscopy remained within normal ranges. All patients survived without neurologic deficits. These findings indicate that intraluminal shunting may be unnecessary during aneurysm repair if the patient does not have obstructive disease in the contralateral carotid artery and if no somatosensory evoked potentials or regional cerebral oxygen saturation abnormalities occur during proximal arterial clamping. After aneurysmectomy, end-to-end anastomosis of the internal carotid artery is the preferred method of repair if the length of the distal internal carotid artery permits.

Simultaneous monitoring of somatosensory evoked potentials and regional cerebral oxygen saturation combined with serial measurement of plasma levels of cerebral specific proteins for the early diagnosis of postoperative brain damage in cardiovascular surgery.

Combined somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) and regional brain oxygen saturation (rSO(2)) monitoring and simultaneous measurement of plasma levels of S100Beta and creatine kinase-isozyme BB (CK-BB) were performed to evaluate how reliable these diagnostic modality complexes are in the early prediction of neurological complications after surgery. Between 1999 and 2002, intraoperative SEP and rSO(2) monitoring combined with measurements of S100Beta and CK-BB levels in blood were performed in 82 consecutive patients undergoing cardiovascular operations with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Twelve (14.6%) of these patients were diagnosed as having neurological complications after surgery; seven with transient neurological dysfunction (8.5%), and five with permanent stroke (6.1%). Twenty one of 82 patients in whom rSO(2) was recorded were judged abnormal; however, only nine of the 21 (42.9%) were diagnosed as having brain damage - diagnostic sensitivity and specificity being 75.0% and 82.9%, respectively. All six patients who showed abnormal SEP during surgery had neurological complications, but normal SEP was recorded in six other patients with apparent evidence of neurological complications - diagnostic sensitivity and specificity being 50% and 100%, respectively. There were no significant differences in S100Beta levels between patients with and without brain complications at 1 h and 24 h after CPB, but significant differences were detected in CK-BB levels at 24 h after CPB. In conclusion, simultaneous abnormalities detected in SEP and rSO(2) are highly predictive of cerebral neurocirculatory disturbances, but they are not so sensitive in diagnosing restricted focal cerebral lesions. Additional determinations of blood CK-BB levels might be valuable only to confirm the newly established brain complications.