A Model of Acute Peritonitis.

The biological models used in the study of generalized peritonitis can be subdivided into 5 groups (introduction of foreign bodies, cultures of microorganisms, suspensions of feces, chemicals, and mechanical damage to the gastrointestinal tract) or into 4 groups (introduction of foreign bodies, chemicals, bacterial contamination of the abdominal cavity, and combined methods). After analysis of published reports, the most justified classification of methods of peritonitis modelling is based on the type of peritonitis-inducing agent and the administration route and on the nature of peritonitis developing in the abdominal cavity. The choice of the model maximally close reproducing clinical conditions of peritonitis should be based on the specific objectives of the study, focusing on the etiology, pathogenesis, and severity of the disease course, planned measures aimed at eliminating the process, and other factors.

Simulation of Mechanical and Thermal Wounds of Soft Tissues.

Millions of accidental and surgical injuries of soft tissues are registered annually around the world [5]. Untimely and insufficiently effective treatment of wounds in 50-70% leads to the development of purulent-septic infection and the development of septic conditions and fatal outcomes [1-4], which necessitates thorough study of inflammatory and regenerative processes occurring in the injured soft tissues. Various models of mechanical and thermal damage to soft tissues are proposed for studying the inflammatory and reparative processes, for assessing the therapeutic effects and developing new approaches to wound treatment. However, the developed models do not fully meet the requirements of researchers and are not always simple and uniformly reproducible, close to the course of the pathology in humans, and highly reliable. When choosing the model of mechanical and thermal wounds, the experience of other researchers should be taken into consideration due to the need of actualization and improvement of existing models.

[Medium molecular size peptides of blood plasma in diabetes mellitus].

The level of medium molecular peptides (MMP) grows up in blood plasma of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), which results in endogenous intoxication. The MMP concentration is high in patients with insulin-independent DM at compensation and without renal affection versus insulin-dependent DM, which is explained by presence of 1-3 kDa peptides. An aggravated course of DM including subcompensation is associated with a higher MMP level in patients with both DM types. The onset of the initial stage of diabetic nephropathy brings about an essential decrease of all MMP fractions in both DM types.