The Investigation of Bone-Implant Connection and New Bone Formation in Fasting and High-Fatty Diet Rats.

BACKGROUND: Hyperlipidemia caused by a high-fat diet (HFD) has many adverse effects on the cardiovascular system, including vascular problems. In addition, a HFD also has significant adverse effects on bone health. AIM: The aim of this study is to examine bone-implant osteointegration and new bone formation in peri-implant defects in fasting and high-fatty diet applied rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, 28 female Sprague Dawley rats were used. The rats were divided into four groups, with seven rats in each group: the control group on a normal diet (Group 1) (n = 7), the fasted group (Group 2) (n = 7), the high-fatty diet (HFD) group (Group 3) (n = 7), and the fasted and HFD group (Group 4) (n = 7). Titanium implants with a diameter of 2.5 mm and a length of 4 mm were placed in the right tibia bones of the subjects, and a bone graft corresponding to 2 mm of the implant length was placed in the bone defect applied to the neck region. All rats that continued the administered diet for 12 weeks were sacrificed at the end of the experiment period. The implants and surrounding bone tissue were surgically removed and subjected to biomechanical analysis to assess bone-implant osteointegration and peri-implant new bone formation. RESULTS: It was determined that there was no statistically significant difference between the rats in the control group and the other three groups in terms of bone-implant osteointegration and peri-implant new bone formation (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: As a result of this study, it was determined that fasting or maintaining a HFD does not adversely affect bone-implant osteointegration or peri-implant new bone formation in the tibias of rats.

The Biomechanical Investigation of Osseointegration Levels in Titanium Implants Simultaniously Placed with Different Bone Grafts.

BACKGROUND: Dental implant-supported prostheses have been scientifically accepted and have been a common treatment choice in the case reconstructing of partial or total tooth loss. In additon, bone grafts (alloplast, xsenograft, allograft) are frequently used in implant and sinus lift surgical procedures. AIM: The aim of this study is to investigate the bone-implant osseointegration levels of titanium implants simultaniously placed with different bone grafts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the study, 32 female S. Dawley rats were divided into four groups. In the control group (n = 8), turned surface implants with a 2.5 mm diameter and a 4 mm length were placed in the tibia of the rats without the use of a graft material. In the experimental groups, bone cavities were opened in the tibias of the rats and a synthetic (alloplast) graft (n = 8), human allograft (n = 8), and bovine xsenograft (n = 8) were placed simultaniously with a 2.5 mm diameter and a 4 mm length turned surface titanium implants. The cavities in the experimental groups were opened with a 4 mm diameter and a 5 mm length. After 8 weeks of recovery, all rats were sacrificed at the end of the experimental period. The implants and surrounding bone tissue were removed. The removed tissue was subjected to biomechanical analysis in order to evaluate bone-implant osseointegration and peri-implant new bone formation. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney U-test were used in the study. Significance was evaluated at the P < 0.05 level. RESULTS: In the biomechanical analyses, it was determined that there was no statistically significant difference between the control group and the other three groups in which different graft materials were applied in terms of bone-implant osseointegration (P > 0.05). In other words, in the biomechanical analyses, no statistical difference was found between any of the groups. CONCLUSIONS: As a result of this study, it can be thought that different graft materials can be successfully used in peri-implant-guided bone regeneration and may be an alternative to autogenous grafts.

Effect of antioxidant lycopene on human osteoblasts.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this in vitro study is to evaluate the effect of antioxidant lycopene on human osteoblasts. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The human osteoblast cell line (CRL-11372) was obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC Manassas, Va) and grown in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), penicillin (100 U/ml), and streptomycin (100 mg/ ml) at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO2 and 95% air. The effective dose of lycopene was determined by MTT assay and a real-time cell analysis (RTCA) system. Proliferative effects were analyzed by in vitro wound healing model. Gene expressions of type 1 collagen (COL1A1), osteocalcin (OCN), and growth differentiation factor-5 (GDF-5) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) at 72 h. Statistical differences between test groups were analyzed with a one-way ANOVA test. RESULTS: MTT assay showed that the doses between 10-5 and 1 µmol of lycopene had dose-dependent proliferative effects. The doses between 10-5 and 10-1 µmol were most effective at 72 h. Lycopene accelerates the healing rate by increasing osteoblast proliferation. CONCLUSION: Results suggested that lycopene had proliferative effects on human osteoblasts, which may help to increase bone regeneration, and thus, it can be useful in tissue engineering procedures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: By the help of antioxidants like lycopene capacity, velocity and quality of new bone forming may be increased in periodontal and dental implant treatments.

Hippocampus-dependent memory and allele-specific gene expression in adult offspring of alcohol-consuming dams after neonatal treatment with thyroxin or metformin.

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), the result of fetal alcohol exposure (FAE), affects 2-11% of children worldwide, with no effective treatments. Hippocampus-based learning and memory deficits are key symptoms of FASD. Our previous studies show hypothyroxinemia and hyperglycemia of the alcohol-consuming pregnant rat, which likely affects fetal neurodevelopment. We administered vehicle, thyroxine (T4) or metformin to neonatal rats post FAE and rats were tested in the hippocampus-dependent contextual fear-conditioning paradigm in adulthood. Both T4 and metformin alleviated contextual fear memory deficit induced by FAE, and reversed the hippocampal expression changes in the thyroid hormone-inactivating enzyme, deiodinase-III (Dio3) and insulin-like growth factor 2 (Igf2), genes that are known to modulate memory processes. Neonatal T4 restored maternal allelic expressions of the imprinted Dio3 and Igf2 in the adult male hippocampus, while metformin restored FAE-caused changes in Igf2 expression only. The decreased hippocampal expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) that maintains the imprinting of Dio3 and Igf2 during development was normalized by both treatments. Administering Dnmt1 inhibitor to control neonates resulted in FAE-like deficits in fear memory and hippocampal allele-specific expression of Igf2, which were reversed by metformin. We propose that neonatal administration of T4 and metformin post FAE affect memory via elevating Dnmt1 and consequently normalizing hippocampal Dio3 and Igf2 expressions in the adult offspring. The present results indicate that T4 and metformin, administered during the neonatal period that is equivalent to the third trimester of human pregnancy, are potential treatments for FASD and conceivably for other neurodevelopmental disorders with cognitive deficits.

The validity of eight neoclassical facial canons in the Turkish adults.

The neoclassical canons were used to define the proportions between various areas of the head and face. Therefore, this study was done to establish the neoclassical canons of facial proportions in Turkish adults. A total of 200 healthy adults 20 to 35 years of age were examined. Using anthropometric landmarks, 5 horizontal and 9 vertical direct measurements were made on the faces with a sliding calliper. Results have been compared with 8 neoclassical facial canons. When comparing between sexes, a significant difference has been found in all measurements except the upper facial width, left eye-fissure width, forehead height I and II (p < 0.005). The nasofacial proportion has been found to include the most proportional subjects (33%) followed by the orbito-nasal (30%), the orbital proportion (25%) and the naso-oral proportion (17%) in the female. Considering the male, the orbital proportion has been found to include the most proportional subjects (23%) followed by the orbito-nasal proportion (21%), naso-facial proportion (19%) and the naso-oral proportion (17%). The neoclassical canons have been shown to rarely be applicable to Turkish adults and our results may contribute to determine the concepts of transcultural facial structures.

Prevalence of three-rooted mandibular permanent first molars among the Turkish population.

BACKGROUND: This retrospective study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of three-rooted permanent mandibular first molars in digital periapical radiographic images obtained from a Turkish patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Periapical radiographs of 640 subjects, which had been obtained in the Department of Oral Diagnosis Radiology, Kirikkale University Dental Faculty, Kirikkale, Turkey from June 2010 to March 2011, were screened and examined retrospectively. All radiographs were evaluated under optimal conditions using double magnifying glasses. Each radiograph was separately evaluated by two authors (H.Ç. and M.M.H.). Comparison of the incidence and the correlations between males and females and left- and right-side occurrences were analyzed by using the Pearson chi-square test with SPSS (15.0; SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). RESULTS: The periapical radiographs of 9 patients, 4 females and 5 males, had three-rooted mandibular first molars. Of these three-rooted mandibular first molars, 7 were found on the right side and 5 on the left side. The overall incidence of patients with three-rooted mandibular first molars was 1.41%. The incidence was 1.63% for men and 1.2% for women. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of three-rooted mandibular first molars from all teeth examined was 1% (12 of 1205), 1.17% (7 of 596) for the right side, and 0.82% (5 of 528) for the left side occurrences.

Prognostic nutritional index is an independent prognostic factor for treatment response, survival and drug choice in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide.

PURPOSE: We designed this study to identify the prognostic value of baseline prognostic nutritional index (PNI) in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) patients treated with abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide. METHODS: 101 mCRPC patients were included. PNI was calculated using formula 10 x serum albumin value (gr/dL) + 0.005 × total lymphocyte count (per mm3). ROC analysis was used for determining prognostic PNI value. RESULTS: The statistically significant cut-off value for PNI was 46.62. Initial PSA response and PSA kinetics (early PSA response and 30 %-50%-90% PSA response at any time) were much better in PNI > 46.62 group than the PNI ≤ 46.62 group (p < 0.01). In multivariate analysis, baseline PNI level >46.62 was an independent predictor of PSA-PFS (HR: 0.42, p < 0.01), radiologic PFS (HR: 0.53, p < 0.01), and OS (HR: 0.42, p < 0.01). In the PNI ≤ 46.62 group, median OS was 7.4 months (95% CI: 4.1-10.7) for the abiraterone acetate subgroup vs. 17.6 months (95% CI: 10.1-25.1) for enzalutamide subgroups (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: PNI is a useful, independent prognostic marker for mCRPC patients treated with either abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide. Using pre-treatment PNI may help clinicians in the prediction of survival and decision making based on abiraterone acetate or enzalutamide.

Bacterial killing by several root filling materials and methods in an ex vivo infected root canal model.

AIM: To evaluate the ability of two root canal sealers (Epoxy resin-based AH Plus or polydimethylsiloxane-based GuttaFlow) and five root filling techniques (continuous wave of condensation, Thermafil, lateral condensation, matched taper single gutta-percha point, laterally condensed-matched taper gutta-percha point) to kill bacteria in experimentally infected dentinal tubules. METHODOLOGY: An infected dentine block model was used. One hundred and twenty extracted, single-rooted human teeth were randomly divided into 10 test (n = 10) and 2 control (n = 10) groups. The roots, except negative controls, were infected with Enterococcus faecalis for 21 days. The root canals were then filled using the test materials and methods. Positive controls were not filled. Sterile roots were used as negative controls. Dentine powder was obtained from all root canals using gates glidden drills using a standard method. The dentine powder was diluted and inoculated into bacterial growth media. Total colony-forming units (CFU) were calculated for each sample. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test. RESULTS: The epoxy resin-based sealer was effective in killing E. faecalis except when using Thermafil (P < 0.05), but the polydimethylsiloxane-based sealer was not effective in killing this microorganism except in the continuous wave group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In the test model, AH Plus killed bacteria in infected dentine more effectively than GuttaFlow. The filling method was less important than the sealer material.

High-risk human papilloma virus prevalence and its relation with abnormal cervical cytology among Turkish women.

In this study we aimed to investigate high-risk human papilloma virus (hrHPV) prevalence among Turkish women. Cervical samples were collected from 501 women for cytological screening and hrHPV testing by Digene Hybrid Capture 2. hrHPV prevalence and its relation with cytological results and epidemiologic data were analysed by SPSS. The prevalence of hrHPV was 4.2% (21 of the 501 women). Women with abnormal cytological screening results have significantly higher risk of hrHPV positivity compared with women with normal cytological results (19% vs 3.5%) (p ≤ 0.01). The incidence of HPV infection was only associated with the number of sexual partners, but there was no association with age, contraception methods or age at the first sexual intercourse. The prevalence of hrHPV among histological-confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 1, CIN 2 and normal cases were found as 37.5%, 25% and 25%, respectively. The prevalence of cervical hrHPV infection is 4.2% in our population and this rate seems lower than reported rates from other regions. According to further studies with a larger sample size, reflex cytology based on hrHPV positivity should be considered for our national cervical cancer screening programme.

Prevalence of nasolacrimal canal obstruction and epiphora following maxillary orthognathic surgery.

Acquired injuries of the nasolacrimal apparatus may be the result of craniomaxillofacial surgical procedures, facial trauma, or inflammation. Injury to the nasolacrimal duct system following maxillary orthognathic surgery is rarely reported. This study evaluated the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of epiphora developing after Le Fort I surgery. The records of 83 patients who underwent maxillary orthognathic surgery over a 2-year period were reviewed. The prevalence of postoperative epiphora was 3.6% and it persisted for a mean of 32.7 days. No patient required further surgical treatment of the nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Clinicians should evaluate the lacrimal canal position and schedule close postoperative follow-up of injuries to the nasolacrimal apparatus. These may become permanent, necessitating additional surgery.

Comparison of the efficacy of different concentrations and volumes of levobupivacaine in axillary brachial plexus blockade.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of the same dosage but different concentrations and volumes of levobupivacaine used for axillary block on the onset and intensity of the block. METHODS: Sixty-nine patients were randomly allocated into three groups. The patients in Group 5, Group 7.5 and Group 3.75 were administered 45 mL of levobupivacaine (5 mg/mL), 30 mL of levobupivacaine (7.5 mg/mL) and 30 mL of levobupivacaine (7.5 mg/mL) mixed with 30 mL of 0.9% NaCl solution, respectively. The onset and intensity of sensory and motor blocks distributed through 4 nerves, duration of analgesia, and total analgesic consumption within 24 hr were recorded. RESULTS: Onset of sensory block on median and radial nerves in Group 3.75 was found to be significantly longer compared to Group 5 and Group 7.5 (P<0.05). Onset of motor block on radial nerves in cases in Group 3.75 was significantly longer compared to those in Group 7.5 (P<0.01). In Group 3.75 the intensity of sensorial blockade at the median ulnar and radial nerves and the intensity of motor blockade at the radial and musculocutaneous nerves were significantly lower than in the other two groups. The duration of analgesia in the patients of Group 5 was significantly shorter compared to those in Groups 7.5 and 3.75 (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Decreasing the concentration and increasing the volume of levobupivacaine without changing its dosage prolongs the duration of analgesia, although it delays the onset and decreases the intensity of sensory and motor block in axillary block.

Micro-tensile bond strength of adhesives to pulp chamber dentin after irrigation with Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.

AIM: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of different concentrations of Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) solution on adhesion, that is, the bond strength of the different adhesive systems, to the pulp chamber dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Recently extracted, sound, human, third molars were cut horizontally to expose the pulp horn. The roof of the pulp chamber and pulp tissue was removed. The teeth were then divided into five main groups. The teeth in each group were treated as follows: group 1, irrigated with saline; group 2, with 5% EDTA for 5 minutes; group 3, with 15% EDTA for 5 minutes; group 4, with 17% EDTA for 5 minutes and group 5, with 19% EDTA for 5 minutes. Treated specimens were dried and divided into 2 subgroups for adhesives; bonded with a total-etching adhesive (Adper Scotchbond Multi-purpose - ASB) or a one bottle of self-etch adhesive system (Clearfil S3 Bond - CS3). After the bonding procedure and composite restoration, teeth were sectioned and dentin sticks were obtained from each group for micro tensile testing (n = 10). Micro tensile testing was performed and scanning electron microscope (SEM) photographs were taken for each irrigated group. RESULTS: In the ASB group, saline showed statistically higher bond strength values at the different concentrations of EDTA, while the micro-tensile bond strengths of the different concentrations of EDTA were not statistically different. In the CS3 group, saline and 5% EDTA showed statistically higher bond strength values than 17% and 19% EDTA, while the micro-tensile bond strengths of 15% EDTA compared to saline and 5% EDTA and 15% EDTA compared to 17% EDTA and 19% EDTA, were not statistically different. CONCLUSION: This study showed that EDTA irrigation can affect the bond strength of adhesive systems on pulp chamber lateral walls. Clinically, low EDTA concentrations can be recommended if self-etch adhesives have been selected.

The effect of calcium silicate-based sealer on the push-out bond strength of fibre posts.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of the iRoot SP root canal sealer on the push-out bond strength of fibre posts cemented with self-adhesive resin cement. METHODS: Forty-eight extracted maxillary incisors were randomly divided into four groups according to the tested sealer (n = 12): group 1 - control (only gutta-percha points, no sealer); group 2 - AH Plus Jet (resin-based sealer); group 3 - Endofill (zinc oxide-eugenol-based sealer); and group 4 - iRoot SP (calcium silicate-based sealer). All root canals were filled with gutta-percha, and groups 2-4 additionally received one of the sealers. Fibre posts were cemented with the self-adhesive resin cement Clearfil SA Cement. The specimens were sectioned in the coronal, middle and apical regions, producing three slices of 1 mm thickness. The push-out test was performed. All data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS: No statistically significant differences were found between the control group, AH Plus Jet and iRoot SP (p > 0.05). The Endofill sealer showed significantly lower bond strength compared to the other sealers and the control group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The calcium silicate-based sealer did not adversely affect the bond strength of the fibre posts cemented with self-adhesive resin cement.

Isokinetic evaluation of ankle muscle strength and fatigue in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.

AIM: The aim of the study was to compare the strength and fatigue of ankle plantarflexor/dorsiflexor muscles using isokinetic dynamometer in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) versus healthy control subjects. DESIGN: A controlled study. SETTING: Outpatients clinic of our Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. POPULATION: Twenty-six AS patients and 26 control subjects participated in this study. METHODS: In both groups the isokinetic tests are conducted by isokinetic dynamometer.The evaluations were made in plantarflexion/dorsiflexion patterns;peak torque, agonist/antagonist ratio and work fatigue isokinetic parameters were evaluated for the ankle 30 º/s, 60º/s, 120º/s angular velocities. Pain severity, clinical findings, and functional status were also evaluated in the study group. RESULTS: In the patient group, ankle plantarflexion muscle strength was significantly lower compared to the control group in all angular velocities (P<0.05). Agonist/antagonist ratio was significantly lower in the patient group compared to the control group in all angular velocities (P<0.01). The work fatigue was decreased for bilateral ankle plantarflexors at 120º/s angular velocities (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the measurements of ankle dorsiflexors (P>0.05). There was no relation between the decreased muscle strength and pain severity, clinical findings, and functional status of AS patients. CONCLUSION: We found ankle muscles fatigue and decreased ankle plantarflexor muscle strength in patients with AS compared to control subjects.

Comparison of the sensitivity for detecting foreign bodies among conventional plain radiography, computed tomography and ultrasonography.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the sensitivity for detecting foreign bodies among conventional plain radiography, CT and ultrasonography in in vitro models. METHODS: Seven different materials were selected as foreign bodies with dimensions of approximately 1 x 1 x 0.1 cm. These materials were metal, glass, wood, stone, acrylic, graphite and Bakelite. These foreign bodies were placed into a sheep's head between the corpus mandible and muscle, in the tongue and in the maxillary sinus. Conventional plain radiography, CT and ultrasonography imaging methods were compared to investigate their sensitivity for detecting these foreign bodies. RESULTS: Metal, glass and stone can be detected with all the visualization techniques used in the study in all of the zones. In contrast to this, foreign bodies with low radiopacity, which could be detected in air with CT, became less visible or almost invisible in muscle tissue and between bone and muscle tissue. The performance of ultrasonography for visualizing foreign bodies with low radiopacity is relatively better than CT. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasonography detects and localizes superficial foreign bodies with low radiopacity in the tissues of the body more effectively than CT and conventional plain radiography. However, CT is a more effective technique for visualization of foreign bodies in air than ultrasound and conventional plain radiography.

Assessment of efficacy and psychomotor performances of thiocolchicoside and tizanidine in patients with acute low back pain.

Objectives of this study were to assess efficacy and effects on psychomotor performances of thiocolchicoside (TCC) and tizanidine (TZ) compared to placebo. Patients complaining of acute low back pain (LBP) associated with muscle spasm were enrolled in this randomised, double-blind clinical trial, comparing the effects of oral TCC, TZ and placebo on psychomotor performances assessed by a visual analogue scale of tiredness, drowsiness, dizziness and alertness and by psychometric tests after 2 and 5-7 days of treatment. The efficacy assessments, both TCC and TZ, were more effective than placebo in improving pain at rest, hand-to-floor distance, Schober test and decreased paracetamol consumption. There were significant differences among the treatment groups in favour of TCC compared to TZ in visual analog scale-parameters. TZ-induced reduction of psychomotor performances of the patients was confirmed by psychometric tests, which showed significant differences among groups. This study showed that TCC is at least as effective as TZ in the treatment of acute LBP, while it appears devoid of any sedative effect in contrast to TZ.

The use of bone-chip grafts fixed with absorbable bone sealant (Absele).

In this study we have investigated the use of bone-chip grafts which were fixed by Absele. In the study 33 adult guinea-pigs were used. Bone grafts for cervical intervertebral fusions were carried out. At the end of the sixth week the bones were examined histopathologically. Both in the control fusion group and in the experiment group the bone grafts were found to be in good condition, but in the free graft group some bone fragments were found in muscle tissue. There was no evidence of foreign body reaction.

Serum erythrocyte and leukocyte adenosine deaminase activities in patients with vivax malaria in Turkey.

Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activities in serum samples, erythrocytes, leukocytes and plasma hemoglobin concentrations were investigated in 50 patients with vivax malaria and compared with control group. ADA activity was determined by Bertholet reaction. Student's t-test and correlation analyses methods were used for statistical analyses. Serum ADA activity in patients with vivax malaria 49.20 +/- 29.02 IU/I, in control 21.15 +/- 8.04 IU/I (p = 0.005), erythrocyte ADA activity in patients 2.91 +/- 1.23 U/gr Hb, in control 1.65 +/- 0.59 U/gr (p = 0.001), leukocyte specific ADA activity in patients 26.23 +/- 20.21 U/mg protein, in control 25.84 +/- 9.19 U/gr Hb were determined (P > 0.05). Plasma hemoglobin concentration in patients 29.25 +/- 28.10 ml/dl, in control 9.80 +/- 13.14 mg/dl were also determined. There is no significant correlation among mentioned parameters. Erythrocyte purine salvage pathway is accelerated by Plasmodium to provide preformed purine source which can not be synthesized by Plasmodium to provide preformed purine source which can correlation between plasma hemoglobin concentration and serum ADA activity suggests that increased serum ADA activity may develop secondarily to the disease independently from the hemolyses. No higher ADA activity level than expected value of leukocytes may reflect immunosuppression of leukocytes.