RESUMEN
This study evaluated the parasitic fauna of hybrids tambacu (Colossoma macropomum × Piaractus mesopotamicus) and patinga (P. mesopotamicus × Piaractus brachypomus) and their host-parasite-environment interaction during the warm and cold seasons in two fish farms located in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, South America. A total of 120 fish, being 60 fish for species (30 in the warm season and 30 in the cold season) were examined. Water quality was measured weekly to evaluate the interaction between environmental conditions and parasitism. Fifteen species of parasites were found: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Chilodonella hexasticha e Trichodina sp. (Protozoa), Henneguya piaractus, Myxobolus colossomatis and Myxobolus cuneus (Myxozoa); Anacanthorus penilabiatus, Mymarothecium boegeri, Mymarothecium viatorum, and Notozothecium janauachensis (Monogenoidea), Goezia spinulosa and Goezia sp. (Nematoda), Echinorhynchus jucundus (Acanthocephala), and Dolops carvalhoi, Lernaea cyprinacea (Crustacea). The ciliate protozoan I. multifiliis and monogenoids were the most prevalent parasites in the cold and warm seasons for both hybrids in the different culture systems intensive production and sportive fishing. It was observed that the serrasalmid hybrids are more susceptible to parasites and harbor high diversity of parasites in relation to the parental species C. macropomum, P. mesopotamicus and P. brachypomus, with a predominance of ectoparasites.
Asunto(s)
Characiformes/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Parásitos/clasificación , Animales , Acuicultura , BrasilRESUMEN
Scuticociliatosis, which is caused by an opportunistic ciliate protozoan, is responsible for significant economic losses in marine ornamental fish. This study reports the occurrence of Uronema sp., which was found to be parasitizing three species of marine reef fish imported into Brazil and maintained in quarantine: Vanderbilt's Chromis (Chromis vanderbilti), blue-green damselfish (Chromis viridis), and sea goldie (Pseudanthias squamipinnis). During the quarantine period, some fish presented with behavioral disorders and hemorrhages and ulcerative lesions on the body surface. Histopathological analysis showed hemorrhages, inflammation comprising mononuclear and granular cells in the skeletal muscle, and necrosis of the skin and the secondary lamellae of the gills, and parasites were also observed in the renal capsule. The absence of transboundary measures available to prevent the occurrence of ornamental fish diseases is also discussed.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Perciformes/parasitología , Infecciones Protozoarias en Animales/parasitología , Animales , Lubina/parasitología , BrasilRESUMEN
This study evaluated the parasite fauna of farmed hybrid surubim (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum x P. corruscans) and the host-parasite-environment relationship in two fish farms located in Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil, South America. A total of 120 hybrids from two different farms, 60 in each season (30 in the hot and 30 in cold season) were examined during a year. Water quality was weekly measured to evaluate the interaction among environmental conditions and parasitism. Histopathology was used to observe the effects of the parasites and environment on the fish gills. The ciliate protozoan Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and the monogeneans (Ameloblastella sp., Amphocleithrium paraguayensis, Vancleaveus ciccinus, V. fungulus and V. janacauensis) were the most prevalent parasites detected in both seasons in both farms, with prevalence above 80%. It was stated that parasites did not cause important damage in the health status of the hybrid surubim. These results might be related to general good management practices and environmental quality implemented by the fish farmers. The presence of uncommon monogenean parasites to this hybrid compared to their parents causing an environmental and ecological concern is here discussed.
Asunto(s)
Bagres/parasitología , Quimera/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Trematodos , Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Animales , Brasil , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitologíaRESUMEN
Abstract This study evaluated the parasitic fauna of hybrids tambacu (Colossoma macropomum × Piaractus mesopotamicus) and patinga (P. mesopotamicus × Piaractus brachypomus) and their host-parasite-environment interaction during the warm and cold seasons in two fish farms located in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, South America. A total of 120 fish, being 60 fish for species (30 in the warm season and 30 in the cold season) were examined. Water quality was measured weekly to evaluate the interaction between environmental conditions and parasitism. Fifteen species of parasites were found: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Chilodonella hexasticha e Trichodina sp. (Protozoa), Henneguya piaractus, Myxobolus colossomatis and Myxobolus cuneus (Myxozoa); Anacanthorus penilabiatus, Mymarothecium boegeri, Mymarothecium viatorum, and Notozothecium janauachensis (Monogenoidea), Goezia spinulosa and Goezia sp. (Nematoda), Echinorhynchus jucundus (Acanthocephala), and Dolops carvalhoi, Lernaea cyprinacea (Crustacea). The ciliate protozoan I. multifiliis and monogenoids were the most prevalent parasites in the cold and warm seasons for both hybrids in the different culture systems intensive production and sportive fishing. It was observed that the serrasalmid hybrids are more susceptible to parasites and harbor high diversity of parasites in relation to the parental species C. macropomum, P. mesopotamicus and P. brachypomus, with a predominance of ectoparasites.
Resumo Este estudo avaliou a fauna parasitária de híbridos tambacu (Colossoma macropomum × Piaractus mesopotamicus) e patinga (P. mesopotamicus × Piaractus brachypomus) e a interação hospedeiro-parasito-ambiente durante as estações quente e fria em duas pisciculturas localizadas no estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil, América do Sul. Foram examinados um total de 120 peixes, sendo 60 peixes por espécie. A qualidade da água foi mensurada semanalmente para avaliar a interação entre condições ambientais e parasitismo. Foram encontradas quinze espécies de parasitos: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis, Chilodonella hexasticha e Trichodina sp. (Protozoa); Henneguya piaractus, Myxobolus colossomatis e Myxobolus cuneus (Myxozoa), Anacanthorus penilabiatus, Mymarothecium boegeri, Mymarothecium viatorum e Notozothecium janauachensis (Monogenoidea), Goezia spinulosa e Goezia sp. (Nematoda), Echinorhynchus jucundus (Acanthocephala), Dolops carvalhoi eLernaea cyprinacea (Crustacea). O protozoário ciliado I. multifiliis e helmintos monogenoides foram os parasitos mais prevalentes nas estações fria e quente para ambos os híbridos nos diferentes sistemas de cultivo, produção intensiva comercial e pesca esportiva. Observou-se que os híbridos de serrasalmídeos são mais suscetíveis aos parasitos e abrigam alta diversidade parasitária em relação às espécies parentais, C. macropomum, P. mesopotamicus e P. brachypomus em ambiente de cultivo com predominância de ectoparasitos.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Parásitos/clasificación , Characiformes/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Brasil , AcuiculturaRESUMEN
Family Trichodinidae comprises ciliate protozoa distributed worldwide; they are considered some of the main parasitological agents infecting cultivated fish. However, the trichodinidae parasitizing important fish species cultured in Brazil are unknown, and more taxonomic studies on this group of parasites are required. This research morphologically characterizes Trichodina colisae Asmat & Sultana, (2005) of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and patinga hybrid (P. mesopotamicus × P. brachypomus) cultivated in the central and southeast regions of the country. Fresh assemblies were made from mucus scraped from the skin, fins and gills, fixed with methanol and, subsequently, impregnated with silver nitrate and stained with Giemsa for assessment under light microscopy. This research reports not only the second occurrence of T. colisae in the world, but also its first occurrence in South America.
Asunto(s)
Characidae/parasitología , Cilióforos/fisiología , Animales , Brasil , Agua DulceRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Compare fibrin glue (Tissucol(®)) and platelet-rich plasma in full-thickness mesh skin grafts in dogs. METHODS: Eighteen dogs were used, divided into two groups: fibrin glue (FG) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). In all the animals, a full-thickness 3x3 cm mesh skin graft was implanted. In the left limb, the biomaterial was place between the graft and the receptor bed, according to the group, while the right limb served as the control group. All the animals were evaluated clinically every 48 hours until the 14th day, using the variables of exudation, coloration, edema and cosmetic appearance. Three animals were evaluated histologically, on the third, seventh and tenth postoperative days, using the variables of fibroblasts, collagen, granulation tissue, microscopic integration-adherence and acute inflammation. RESULTS: Clinical evaluations showed that the group CF showed better scores for all variables compared to PRP group. On the histological evaluations PRP group had a higher presence of fibroblasts in the seventh and fourteenth days. CONCLUSION: The fibrin glue group was clinically superior to the platelet-rich group when used on full-thickness skin grafts in dogs.
Asunto(s)
Materiales Biocompatibles/uso terapéutico , Adhesivo de Tejido de Fibrina/uso terapéutico , Plasma Rico en Plaquetas , Trasplante de Piel/métodos , Adhesivos Tisulares/uso terapéutico , Animales , Colágeno/análisis , Colágeno/efectos de los fármacos , Perros , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia de Injerto , Modelos Animales , Distribución Aleatoria , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Colgajos Quirúrgicos , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Abstract Scuticociliatosis, which is caused by an opportunistic ciliate protozoan, is responsible for significant economic losses in marine ornamental fish. This study reports the occurrence of Uronema sp., which was found to be parasitizing three species of marine reef fish imported into Brazil and maintained in quarantine: Vanderbilt's Chromis (Chromis vanderbilti), blue-green damselfish (Chromis viridis), and sea goldie (Pseudanthias squamipinnis). During the quarantine period, some fish presented with behavioral disorders and hemorrhages and ulcerative lesions on the body surface. Histopathological analysis showed hemorrhages, inflammation comprising mononuclear and granular cells in the skeletal muscle, and necrosis of the skin and the secondary lamellae of the gills, and parasites were also observed in the renal capsule. The absence of transboundary measures available to prevent the occurrence of ornamental fish diseases is also discussed.
Resumo Scuticociliatose, causada por protozoários ciliados oportunistas, é responsável por perdas econômicas significativas em peixes ornamentais marinhos. O presente estudo relata a ocorrência de Uronema sp., parasitando três espécies de peixes ornamentais de recife importados para o Brasil e mantidos em quarentena: Vanderbilt's Chromis (Chromis vanderbilti), blue-green damselfish (Chromis viridis), e sea goldie (Pseudanthias squamipinnis). Durante o período de quarentena, alguns peixes apresentaram alterações comportamentais tais com hemorragias e lesões ulcerativas na superfície da pele. A histopatologia mostrou hemorragias, inflamação com células mononucleares e granulares na musculatura, e necrose da pele e lamelas secundárias das brânquias, e parasitas também foram observados na cápsula renal. A ausência de medidas transfronteiriças disponíveis para prevenir a ocorrência de doenças de peixes ornamentais também é discutida.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Infecciones Protozoarias en Animales/parasitología , Perciformes/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Lubina/parasitología , BrasilRESUMEN
Abstract This study evaluated the parasite fauna of farmed hybrid surubim (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum x P. corruscans) and the host-parasite-environment relationship in two fish farms located in Mato Grosso do Sul, Central Brazil, South America. A total of 120 hybrids from two different farms, 60 in each season (30 in the hot and 30 in cold season) were examined during a year. Water quality was weekly measured to evaluate the interaction among environmental conditions and parasitism. Histopathology was used to observe the effects of the parasites and environment on the fish gills. The ciliate protozoan Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and the monogeneans (Ameloblastella sp., Amphocleithrium paraguayensis, Vancleaveus ciccinus, V. fungulus and V. janacauensis) were the most prevalent parasites detected in both seasons in both farms, with prevalence above 80%. It was stated that parasites did not cause important damage in the health status of the hybrid surubim. These results might be related to general good management practices and environmental quality implemented by the fish farmers. The presence of uncommon monogenean parasites to this hybrid compared to their parents causing an environmental and ecological concern is here discussed.
Resumo Este estudo avaliou a fauna de parasitos do surubim híbrido cultivado (Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum x P. corruscans) e a relação hospedeiro-parasito-ambiente em duas pisciculturas localizadas no Estado do Mato Grosso do Sul, região Centro-Oeste, Brasil. Um total de 120 híbridos de duas fazendas, 60 em cada estação (30 na estação quente e 30 na fria), foram examinados durante um ano. A qualidade da água foi medida semanalmente para avaliar a interação entre as condições ambientais e o parasitismo. Histopatologia foi usada para observar os efeitos dos parasitos e do ambiente nas brânquias dos peixes. O protozoário ciliado Ichthyophthirius multifiliis e Monogenea (Ameloblastella sp., Amphocleithrium paraguayensis, Vancleaveus ciccinus, V. fungulus e V. janacauensis) foram os parasitos mais prevalentes detectados em ambas estações nas duas fazendas, com prevalências acima de 80%. Observou-se que os parasitos não causaram danos ao estado de saúde do surubim híbrido. Esses resultados estão relacionados às boas práticas de manejo e qualidade ambiental implementada pelos produtores. É discutida a presença incomum de Monogenea para esse híbrido, comparado com seus progenitores, podendo causar preocupação ambiental e ecológica.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Trematodos , Infecciones por Trematodos/veterinaria , Bagres/parasitología , Quimera/parasitología , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Infecciones por Trematodos/parasitología , BrasilRESUMEN
The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of Na heparin and Na2EDTA on blood of Piaractus mesopotamicus (360.7±42.4g, 26.4±1.0cm). Twenty fishes were sampled in two experiment trials, ten for erythrocyte fragility analysis and ten for hematologic and plasma biochemical study. The blood collected by venous-caudal puncture was fractioned and stored in anticoagulants solution: Na2EDTA 10%, Na2EDTA 3%, Na heparin 5000 IU and Na heparin 100 IU. Plasmatic levels of calcium presented in the Na2EDTA stored samples were about 80% lower than both heparin groups. Blood samples of P. mesopotamicus stored with Na2EDTA demonstrated increase in the hematocrit and MCV, and decrease in MCHC. The dose-response effect was observed in this study. The results are reinforced by the higher levels of plasmatic protein and hemolysis presented in the Na2EDTA 10% stored blood, confirming the deleterious effect of this anticoagulant treatment on the quality of blood samples. Na2EDTA is not indicated to store P. mesopotamicus blood samples, but sodium heparin at 100 IU is the most recommended anticoagulant, since this treatment presented the lower rate of alterations in the stored blood.
O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da heparina sódica e Na2EDTA no sangue de Piaractus mesopotamicus (360,7±42,4g, 26,4±1,0cm). Foram amostrados vinte peixes em dois ensaios experimentais, sendo dez peixes utilizados para análise da fragilidade dos eritrócitos e dez peixes para análise dos parâmetros hematológicos e estudo bioquímico do plasma. O sangue coletado por punção veno-caudal foi aliquotado e armazenado em diferentes soluções anticoagulantes: Na2EDTA 10%, Na2EDTA 3%, heparina sódica 5.000 UI e heparina sódica 100 UI. Níveis plasmáticos de cálcio apresentados nas amostras armazenados em Na2EDTA diminuíram cerca de 80% em relação aos dois grupos armazenados com heparina. Amostras de sangue de pacus armazenados com Na2EDTA demonstraram aumento do hematócrito e VCM, e diminuição na CHCM. O efeito dose-resposta foi observado neste estudo. Estes resultados são reforçados pelos níveis mais elevados de proteína plasmática e hemólise apresentado no sangue armazenado com Na2EDTA 10%, o que confirma o efeito deletério desse tratamento anticoagulante na qualidade de amostras de sangue. Na2EDTA não é indicada para armazenar amostras de sangue de P. mesopotamicus, e heparina sódica a 100 UI é o anticoagulante mais recomendado, uma vez que este tratamento apresentou a menor taxa de alterações no sangue armazenado.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Ácido Edético/administración & dosificación , Ácido Edético/análisis , Anticoagulantes/efectos adversos , Heparina/administración & dosificación , Heparina/análisis , Peces/sangre , Coagulación Sanguínea , Pruebas Hematológicas/veterinariaRESUMEN
In this study, an important ornamental fish, Betta splendens (Osphronemidae), from three different Brazilian states was examined for parasitic infestations. Smears with parasites were impregnated with silver nitrate or stained using Giemsa for taxonomic evaluation. A disc-shaped trichodinid with a body diameter of 39.7 ± 3.3 µm, adhesive disc diameter of 32.9 ± 3.1 µm and denticulate ring diameter of 19.5 ± 2.0 µm was found. The morphological characteristics resembled those of Trichodina modesta Lom, 1970, a species that shows clear host specificity for Cypriniformes. Until now, its occurrence was restricted to the Eurasian region. In the present study, a new host for T. modesta is reported and therefore the first occurrence of this species in the Americas. The parasite was possibly introduced into the Neotropical region through the exotic fish trade, especially of Cypriniformes used by aquarists. The distribution of this ciliate is discussed and a checklist of localities and hosts for the species is provided.
Neste estudo, o peixe ornamental Betta splendens (Osphronemidae) foi examinado a partir de três diferentes Estados brasileiros para infestações parasitárias. Esfregaços contendo parasitos foram impregnados com nitrato de prata ou corados com Giemsa para avaliação taxonômica. Foi observado o tricodinídeo em forma de disco com 39,7 ± 3,3 µm de diâmetro do corpo, disco adesivo com 32,9 ± 3,1 µm e anel denticulado 19,5 ± 2,0 µm de diâmetro. As características morfológicas foram semelhantes à Trichodina modesta Lom, 1970, uma espécie que apresenta especificidade de hospedeiro por peixes Cypriniformes com ocorrência na Região Euro-asiática. No presente estudo, um novo hospedeiro para T. modesta é reportado, assim como a primeira ocorrência da espécie na América. O parasito tem sido possivelmente introduzido na região Neotropical com o comércio de peixes exóticos, principalmente Cypriniformes usados por aquariofilistas. A dispersão do ciliado é discutida e um “checklist” de localidades e hospedeiros apresentado.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Perciformes/parasitología , Oligohimenóforos/fisiología , BrasilRESUMEN
This study evaluated the haematological parameters of the hybrid surubim (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans x P. reticulatum) farmed in intensive and semi intensive system. A total of 240 fish were examined, 120 from fish farm and 120 from a semi-intensive for comparison between the hot and cold season. The water quality was weekly measured to evaluate the influence of environmental conditions on the haematology. Fish from intensive system showed hematocrit and white blood cell count (WBC) higher in hot season while the total plasmatic protein, hemoglobin concentration, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were higher in cold season. In fish from semi intensive system, the red blood cells count (RBC) and total thrombocyte number was higher in hot season while the MCHC and MCV were higher in cold season. There was no alterations in the numbers of lymphocytes, neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils and PAS - positive granular leukocyte (PAS-LG). The results showed the influence of seasonality on the hematological parameters of the hybrid surubim kept under normal farming conditions. Regarding water quality, hot season was directly related to increased water temperature and decreased dissolved oxygen while the opposite was found in cold season.
RESUMEN
Este estudo avaliou a eficácia da heparina sódica e do EDTA tripotássico como anticoagulantes e seus efeitos sobre os parâmetros hematológicos de tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum). Foram utilizados dez indivíduos de tambaqui com médias de 384,9 ± 85,71 g de peso e 27,90 ± 2,10 cm de comprimento total para avaliação da heparina 5.000 UI e 100 UI, bem como do K3EDTA 10 por cento. Foram analisados a inibição da coagulação por 10 h, eritrograma e teste de fragilidade osmótica dos eritrócitos. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e as médias comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (P < 0,05). Heparina 5000 UI, heparina 100 UI e K3EDTA 10 por cento foram eficazes na prevenção da coagulação por mais de 10 h, no entanto o EDTA tripotássico causou hemólise desde os primeiros momentos. No eritrograma não foi observada diferença (P > 0,05) na contagem de eritrócitos, hematócrito, taxa de hemoglobina e CHCM, no entanto, houve aumento do VCM (P < 0,05) nas amostras acondicionados com K3EDTA 10 por cento. Este anticoagulante causou incremento (P < 0,01) na fragilidade osmótica dos eritrócitos quando comparado com a heparina pura, heparina diluída, e grupo controle. A utilização da heparina como anticoagulante é mais apropriada para tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum), visto que foi eficiente na prevenção da coagulação por mais de 10 h, sem ocasionar hemólise, ou alterações nos parâmetros hematológicos e na fragilidade osmótica dos eritrócitos.
The efficacy of sodium heparin and tripotassium EDTA as anticoagulant and their effect on the hematological parameters of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) were evaluated in this study. Ten fish weighing 384.9 ± 85.71 g and measuring 27.90 ± 2.10 cm were used for heparin 5.000 IU, heparin 100 IU and K3EDTA 10 percent evaluation. Clotting inhibition after 10 h, erythrogram and osmotic fragility of erythrocytes were observed. The results were submitted to variance analysis and means compared by Tukey test (P < 0.05). Heparin 5.000 IU, heparin 100 IU and K3EDTA 10 percent were effective in preventing coagulation for more than 10 h. However, tripotassium EDTA caused hemolysis since first moments. In erythrogram there was no difference (P > 0.05) in erythrocyte count, hematocrit, hemoglobin and MCHC. On the other hand, an increase in MCV (P < 0.05) in samples kept with K3EDTA10 percent was observed. This anticoagulant provoked a significant increase (P < 0.01) in the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes when compared to pure heparin, diluted heparin and the control group. Heparin as an anticoagulant is more appropriate for tambaqui since it was effective in preventing coagulation for more than 10 h, without causing hemolysis, changes on hematological parameters or osmotic fragility of erythrocytes.
Asunto(s)
HeparinaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Compare fibrin glue (Tissucol®) and platelet-rich plasma in full-thickness mesh skin grafts in dogs. METHODS: Eighteen dogs were used, divided into two groups: fibrin glue (FG) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP). In all the animals, a full-thickness 3x3 cm mesh skin graft was implanted. In the left limb, the biomaterial was place between the graft and the receptor bed, according to the group, while the right limb served as the control group. All the animals were evaluated clinically every 48 hours until the 14th day, using the variables of exudation, coloration, edema and cosmetic appearance. Three animals were evaluated histologically, on the third, seventh and tenth postoperative days, using the variables of fibroblasts, collagen, granulation tissue, microscopic integration-adherence and acute inflammation. RESULTS: Clinical evaluations showed that the group CF showed better scores for all variables compared to PRP group. On the histological evaluations PRP group had a higher presence of fibroblasts in the seventh and fourteenth days. CONCLUSION: The fibrin glue group was clinically superior to the platelet-rich group when used on full-thickness skin grafts in dogs.
OBJETIVO: Comparar a cola de fibrina (Tissucol®) e o plasma rico em plaquetas em enxertos cutâneos de espessura completa em malha em cães. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 18 cães, distribuídos em dois grupos, cola de fibrina (CF) e plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP). Em todos os animais foi realizado um enxerto cutâneo de 3x3 cm, em malha de espessura completa. No membro esquerdo foi colocado o biomaterial entre o enxerto e o leito receptor, cada qual em seu grupo, o membro direito serviu como grupo controle. Todos os animais foram avaliados clinicamente a cada 48 horas até o décimo quarto dia, através das variáveis: exsudação, coloração, edema e aspecto cosmético; histologicamente em três animais, no terceiro, sétimo e décimo quarto dia de pós-operatório através das variáveis: fibroblastos, colágeno, tecido de granulação, integração-aderência microscópica e inflamação aguda. RESULTADOS: Avaliações clínicas demonstraram que o grupo CF apresentou melhor escores em todas variáveis quando comparado com o grupo PRP. Nas avaliações histológicas o grupo PRP apresentou maior presença de fibroblastos ao sétimo e décimo quarto dia. CONCLUSÃO: A cola de fibrina foi clinicamente superior ao grupo plasma rico em plaquetas quando usados em enxertos cutâneos de espessura completa em cães.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Perros , Materiales Biocompatibles/uso terapéutico , Adhesivo de Tejido de Fibrina/uso terapéutico , Plasma Rico en Plaquetas , Trasplante de Piel/métodos , Adhesivos Tisulares/uso terapéutico , Colágeno/análisis , Colágeno/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia de Injerto , Modelos Animales , Distribución Aleatoria , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Colgajos Quirúrgicos , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Family Trichodinidae comprises ciliate protozoa distributed worldwide; they are considered some of the main parasitological agents infecting cultivated fish. However, the trichodinidae parasitizing important fish species cultured in Brazil are unknown, and more taxonomic studies on this group of parasites are required. This research morphologically characterizes Trichodina colisae Asmat & Sultana, (2005) of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) and patinga hybrid (P. mesopotamicus × P. brachypomus) cultivated in the central and southeast regions of the country. Fresh assemblies were made from mucus scraped from the skin, fins and gills, fixed with methanol and, subsequently, impregnated with silver nitrate and stained with Giemsa for assessment under light microscopy. This research reports not only the second occurrence of T. colisae in the world, but also its first occurrence in South America.(AU)
Tricodinídeos são protozoários ciliados móveis com ampla distribuição mundial; são considerados um dos agentes parasitários que mais acometem peixes cultivados. No Brasil, a maioria dos tricodinídeos que parasitam importantes espécies de peixes cultivados são desconhecidos, o que requer mais estudos taxonômicos com esse grupo de parasitos. Este estudo caracteriza morfologicamente Trichodina colisae Asmat & Sultana, 2005 de pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) e do híbrido patinga (P. mesopotamicus × P. brachypomus) cultivados, respectivamente, no Centro-Oeste e Sudeste do Brasil. Foram feitas montagens a fresco do raspado de muco da pele, nadadeiras e brânquias, fixados com metanol e, posteriormente, impregnados com nitrato de prata e coradas com Giemsa para avaliação em microscopia óptica. O presente estudo relata não só a segunda ocorrência de T. colisae no mundo, mas também a primeira ocorrência na América do Sul.(AU)
Asunto(s)
Animales , Enfermedades Parasitarias en Animales/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Cilióforos/diagnóstico , Peces/parasitología , BrasilRESUMEN
The blood infection by Trypanosoma sp. in tuvira (Gymnotus aff. inaequilabiatus) from the Pantanal wetland was reported in this study. Ten fish from the Paraguay River in the Pantanal were evaluated for the presence of hemoflagellates. Trypomastigotes of Trypanosoma sp. were observed in blood smears from three fish (30 percent prevalence) and some forms were seen to be undergoing division. Using the diagnostic methods of fresh examination and blood centrifugation in hematocrit capillary tubes, the prevalence rate was 80 percent. This is the first report of Trypanosoma sp. in tuvira in Brazil.
O objetivo do presente estudo foi reportar a infecção por Trypanosoma sp. em tuviras (Gymnotus aff. inaequilabiatus) oriundas do Pantanal Sul-mato-grossense, Brasil. Dez peixes provenientes do rio Paraguai, Pantanal Sul-mato-grossense, foram avaliados quanto à presença de hemoflagelados. Tripomastigotas de Trypanosoma sp. foram observados nas extensões sanguíneas de três peixes (30 por cento de prevalência), e algumas formas encontravam-se em divisão. Por meio do exame a fresco e da centrifugação do sangue em capilar de hematócrito como métodos para diagnóstico, a taxa de prevalência foi de 80 por cento. Esse é o primeiro relato de Trypanosoma sp. em tuviras no Brasil.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Infecciones por Euglenozoos/veterinaria , Enfermedades de los Peces/parasitología , Gymnotiformes/parasitología , Kinetoplastida/aislamiento & purificación , Brasil , Infecciones por Euglenozoos/sangre , Enfermedades de los Peces/sangre , Gymnotiformes/sangre , RíosRESUMEN
Este estudo avaliou o efeito da heparina 100UI e do Na2EDTA nas concentrações de 3, 5 e 10 por cento sobre a coagulação sanguínea e os parâmetros hematológicos de surubim híbrido. Foram utilizados 10 peixes, com peso médio de 386,7±24,3g e comprimento total médio de 38,7±6,4cm, para colheita das amostras sanguíneas e determinação do percentual do hematócrito, teor de proteínas plasmáticas totais e teste de fragilidade osmótica dos eritrócitos (FOE). Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5 por cento de probabilidade. A coagulação foi eficientemente inibida quando utilizado o Na2EDTA; já as amostras com heparina coagularam 10 horas após a coleta. Houve aumento na fragilidade osmótica dos eritrócitos (P<0,01), especialmente quando utilizado o Na2EDTA 10 e 5 por cento, não havendo diferença entre o controle e a heparina. No hematócrito e teor de proteínas plasmáticas totais, não foram verificadas diferenças significativas. O Na2EDTA 3 por cento é seguro e eficiente como anticoagulante para surubim híbrido, prevenindo a coagulação por mais de 10h e ocasionando discreto efeito sobre a fragilidade osmótica dos eritrócitos.
The effect of heparin 100IU and Na2EDTA in concentration of 3 percent, 5 percent and 10 percent on the blood coagulation and hematological parameters of hybrid surubim catfish were evaluated. We used ten fish weighing 386,7±24,3g and average length of 38,7±6,4cm for collection of blood samples and determination of the percentage of hematocrit, plasma total protein content and osmotic fragility erythrocytes test (OFE). Data were submitted to analysis of variance and averages compared by Tukey test at 5 percent probability. Coagulation was efficiently inhibited when used the Na2EDTA, while the samples with heparin coagulate ten hours after collection. There was an increase in osmotic fragility of erythrocytes (P<0.01), especially when using Na2EDTA 10 percent and 5 percent, with no difference between control and heparin. In hematocrit and total plasma protein content were not observed statistical differences. The Na2EDTA 3 percent is safe and effective anticoagulant for hybrid surubim catfish, preventing clotting for more than 10 hours causing slight effect on the osmotic fragility of erythrocytes.