RESUMEN
Lasers with high spectral purity are indispensable for optical clocks and for the coherent manipulation of atomic and molecular qubits in applications such as quantum computing and quantum simulation. While the stabilization of such lasers to a reference can provide a narrow linewidth, the widely used diode lasers exhibit fast phase noise that prevents high-fidelity qubit manipulation. In this paper, we demonstrate a self-injection locked diode laser system that utilizes a high-finesse cavity. This cavity not only provides a stable resonance frequency, it also acts as a low-pass filter for phase noise beyond the cavity linewidth of around 100â kHz, resulting in low phase noise from dc to the injection lock limit. We model the expected laser performance and benchmark it using a single trapped 40Ca+-ion as a spectrum analyzer. We show that the fast phase noise of the laser at relevant Fourier frequencies of 100â kHz to >2â MHz is suppressed to a noise floor of between -110â dBc/Hz and -120 dBc/Hz, an improvement of 20 to 30â dB over state-of-the-art Pound-Drever-Hall-stabilized extended-cavity diode lasers. This strong suppression avoids incoherent (spurious) spin flips during manipulation of optical qubits and improves laser-driven gates when using diode lasers in applications involving quantum logic spectroscopy, quantum simulation, and quantum computation.
RESUMEN
With the advent of optical clocks featuring fractional frequency uncertainties on the order of 10-17 and below, new applications such as chronometric leveling with few-centimeter height resolution emerge. We are developing a transportable optical clock based on a single trapped aluminum ion, which is interrogated via quantum logic spectroscopy. We employ singly charged calcium as the logic ion for sympathetic cooling, state preparation, and readout. Here, we present a simple and compact physics and laser package for manipulation of 40Ca+. Important features are a segmented multilayer trap with separate loading and probing zones, a compact titanium vacuum chamber, a near-diffraction-limited imaging system with high numerical aperture based on a single biaspheric lens, and an all-in-fiber 40Ca+ repump laser system. We present preliminary estimates of the trap-induced frequency shifts on 27Al+, derived from measurements with a single calcium ion. The micromotion-induced second-order Doppler shift for 27Al+ has been determined to be δνEMMν=-0.4-0.3 +0.4×10-18 and the black-body radiation shift is δνBBR/ν = (-4.0 ± 0.4) × 10-18. Moreover, heating rates of 30 (7) quanta per second at trap frequencies of ωrad,Ca+ ≈ 2π × 2.5 MHz (ωax,Ca+ ≈ 2π × 1.5 MHz) in radial (axial) direction have been measured, enabling interrogation times of a few hundreds of milliseconds.
RESUMEN
We have previously shown that the pteridine compound neopterin stimulates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression in vascular smooth muscle cells in vitro. The mechanisms whereby neopterin exhibits these effects remained unclear. The present study demonstrates that neopterin induces the translocation of the transcription factor nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) to the nucleus. Pretreatment of cells with the antioxidant pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate completely suppressed the effects of neopterin on NF-kappa B activation, iNOS gene expression, and nitric oxide release. From these data we conclude that neopterin activates the translocation of NF-kappa B subunits to the nucleus by modulating the intracellular redox state. This is one possible explanation for the impact of neopterin on iNOS gene expression.
Asunto(s)
Biopterinas/análogos & derivados , Músculo Liso Vascular/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Óxido Nítrico Sintasa/biosíntesis , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Aorta , Secuencia de Bases , Biopterinas/farmacología , Núcleo Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Núcleo Celular/metabolismo , Células Cultivadas , Cartilla de ADN , Peróxido de Hidrógeno/farmacología , Isoenzimas/biosíntesis , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Músculo Liso Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Neopterin , Nitritos/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Pirrolidinas/farmacología , ARN Mensajero/biosíntesis , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas WKY , Tiocarbamatos/farmacología , Transcripción Genética/efectos de los fármacos , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The effect of Dehydroleucodine (DhL) on gastric acid secretion in rats was investigated at a dose of 40 mg/kg, while its anti-inflammatory effect was investigated in two experimental models: arthritis induced by Freund's adjuvant carrageenan- and cotton pellet-induced granuloma. DhL did not inhibit gastric acid secretion, suggesting that its anti-ulcerogenic effect can be attributed to its action on the mucosa defense factors. On the other hand, DhL inhibited both chronic and acute adjuvant carrageenan-induced inflammation phases, being most effective in the chronic phase. In the granuloma test, DhL also inhibited inflammation. It is suggested that the anti-inflammatory activity of DhL may be attributed to interference with multiple targets on the level of transcription factors, such as NF-kappaB, and cytokines.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Artemisia/química , Ácido Gástrico/metabolismo , Lactonas/farmacología , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/aislamiento & purificación , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Femenino , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Lactonas/aislamiento & purificación , Masculino , Componentes Aéreos de las Plantas/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Sesquiterpenos/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
The anti-inflammatory activities of three flavonoids were investigated in rats using the Mizushima et al. model of acute and chronic inflammation. Intraperitoneal administration of rutin, quercetin (flavonols) and hesperidin (flavanone), given at daily doses equivalent to 80 mg/kg, inhibited both acute and chronic phases of this experimental model of inflammation. Rutin was the most active in the chronic phase.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Artritis Experimental/tratamiento farmacológico , Flavonoides/uso terapéutico , Hesperidina/uso terapéutico , Quercetina/uso terapéutico , Rutina/uso terapéutico , Enfermedad Aguda , Animales , Enfermedad Crónica , Femenino , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
The antiinflammatory activities of 30 flavonoids isolated from several plants of the Compositae family were investigated using carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema and cotton pellet-induced rat granuloma. Compounds were administered with a unique dose of 75 mg/kg i.p. in the acute test with carrageenan and 25 mg/kg/day in the chronic granuloma test. Flavonoids inhibit the development of the induced granuloma, mostly when a catechol or guaiacol-like B ring is contained in the compound structure, jaceosidin being the most active flavonoid screened. Flavonoids significantly inhibited the maximum edema response in the acute test. We conclude that several of the isolated flavonoids tested here showed antiinflammatory effects, depending on the experimental model used.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Asteraceae/química , Flavonoides/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/aislamiento & purificación , Edema/prevención & control , Femenino , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Granuloma de Cuerpo Extraño/prevención & control , Masculino , Ratones , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
The chemical study of aerial parts of Lampaya hieronymi Schum. ex Moldenke yielded oleanolic acid, epi-oleanolic acid, epi-maslinic acid, 4'7-dimethoxyapigenin, p-hydroxyacetophenone, and p-hydroxyacetophenone-beta-glucoside. In searching for natural products as potential anti-inflammatory agents, all the compounds, except 4'7-dimethoxyapigenin were evaluated in vivo for their ability to inhibit acute inflammation. Our studies demonstrated that p-hydroxyacetophenone and the triterpenes produced protective effects in carrageenan induced paw edema in mouse, at 1-3 h and 3-5 h, respectively, after the injection of carrageenan. These results indicated that their effects might correlate with the release of histamine, serotonin, kinin and prostaglandins.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/aislamiento & purificación , Plantas Medicinales/química , Animales , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/administración & dosificación , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Carragenina , Edema/inducido químicamente , Edema/prevención & control , Femenino , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Masculino , Ratones , Extractos Vegetales/administración & dosificación , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: The increasing resistance of Helicobacter pylori to antibiotics demands the search for novel compounds from plant based sources. Artemisia douglasiana Besser is widely used in Cuyo region (Argentina) as folk medicine for the treatment of gastric ailments. AIM OF STUDY: Based on our previous studies that Artemisia douglasiana exert cytoprotective actions against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury we assayed the anti-Helicobacter pylori effect of the Artemisia douglasiana extract and its active compound, dehydroleucodine. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The in vitro anti-bacterial activity of Artemisia douglasiana extract and its active compound, dehydroleucodine were determined against one standard strain and six clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori by using the agar dilution methods. RESULTS: The results showed that both dehydroleucodine and Artemisia douglasiana extract had activity against the microorganism with MICs between 1-8 and 60-120 mg/L, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Artemisia douglasiana may be a useful alternative treatment strategy principally in eradication of metronidazole and clarithromycin-resistant strain.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Artemisia/química , Helicobacter pylori/efectos de los fármacos , Lactonas/farmacología , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Argentina , Claritromicina/farmacología , Humanos , Indígenas Sudamericanos , Medicina Tradicional , Metronidazol/farmacología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad MicrobianaRESUMEN
Dehydroleucodine (DhL), a sesquiterpene lactone obtained from Artemisia douglasiana, was screened for antidiarrheal effects. DhL inhibited castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice by judged by a decrease in the number of wet faeces in the DhL-treatment groups. DhL significantly reduced intestinal transit in mice. Yohimbine and phentolamine counteracted the inhibitory effect of DhL. It is suggested that alpha2-adrenergic receptors mediate the effect of DhL in intestinal motility. DhL reduced also intraluminal accumulation of fluid. Thus, the antidiarrheal activity of DhL is possibly related, at least in part, to its inhibitory action against gastrointestinal motility and the inhibition of enteropooling property.
Asunto(s)
Artemisia , Diarrea/tratamiento farmacológico , Fármacos Gastrointestinales/uso terapéutico , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Lactonas/uso terapéutico , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Sesquiterpenos/uso terapéutico , Agonistas alfa-Adrenérgicos/farmacología , Animales , Aceite de Ricino , Defecación/efectos de los fármacos , Diarrea/inducido químicamente , Fármacos Gastrointestinales/farmacología , Lactonas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Lactonas/farmacología , Ratones , Fentolamina/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Sesquiterpenos/antagonistas & inhibidores , Sesquiterpenos/farmacología , Yohimbina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
The experiments described in the present paper were aimed to study the vizcacha pineal N-acetyltransferase (NAT) and hydroxyindole-o-methyl-transferase (HIOMT) activities under different lighting regimens. Pineal NAT activity (LD 12:12) exhibits a marked diurnal variation, which decreased during the illumination hours and increased 3-fold after 4 h in darkness. NAT activity of the vizcacha exposed to permanent darkness exhibited an abrupt increase, values being lower during permanent illumination. Vizcacha pineal HIOMT activity (LD 12:12) does not exhibit significant change during the light and darkness phases. In animals exposed continuously to darkness HIOMT activity increased, while under constant illumination a decrease of HIOMT activity to about 1/7 of those under permanent darkness was found. When vizcachas were exposed to natural illumination (day-night), pineal HIOMT activity did exhibit a diurnal rhythm. Either continuous darkness or continuous light abolished the daily variations of vizcacha pineal HIOMT activity. Our results also show that permanent darkness abolished the daily variations of NAT activity suggesting an exogenous rhythm.
Asunto(s)
Acetilserotonina O-Metiltransferasa/metabolismo , Acetiltransferasas/metabolismo , Arilamina N-Acetiltransferasa/metabolismo , Ritmo Circadiano , Metiltransferasas/metabolismo , Glándula Pineal/enzimología , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Roedores/fisiologíaRESUMEN
The effects of 2',4'-dihydroxychalcone and 2',4'-dihydroxy-3'-methoxychalcone from Zuccagnia punctata Cav. (Fabaceae) and melatonin administration on ethanol-induced gastroduodenal injury were investigated in rats. Both chalcones showed significant preventive effects in treatment with melatonin previous to the necrotising agent. These effects could be due, in part, to the radical scavenging activity of the melatonin.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Chalcona/análogos & derivados , Chalcona/uso terapéutico , Fabaceae , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/prevención & control , Melatonina/uso terapéutico , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Análisis de Varianza , Animales , Chalcona/química , Chalcona/aislamiento & purificación , Chalconas , Etanol , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/inducido químicamente , Masculino , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Seven acetophenone derivatives were isolated from the aerial parts of Ophryosporus axilliflorus (Griseb.) Hieron. These compounds were subjected to the carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema test where tremetone (7) showed extremely anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, the non-benzofuran acetophenones 5 and 6, showed a significant response.
Asunto(s)
Acetofenonas/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/farmacología , Plantas Medicinales/química , Acetofenonas/química , Acetofenonas/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/química , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/aislamiento & purificación , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Femenino , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , RatonesRESUMEN
Pineal glands of vizcachas collected from their natural habitat were studied. Hydroxyindole-O-methyl transferase (HIOMT) activity showed a great individual dispersion. However, the enzyme activity was significantly higher in males than in females. Serotonin was also assayed in the glands. It did not show significant differences between both sexes. The results are discussed in relation to the natural life conditions of this rodent.
Asunto(s)
Acetilserotonina O-Metiltransferasa/metabolismo , Metiltransferasas/metabolismo , Glándula Pineal/enzimología , Serotonina/metabolismo , Acetilserotonina O-Metiltransferasa/análisis , Animales , Peso Corporal , Femenino , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos , Glándula Pineal/análisis , Roedores , Serotonina/análisis , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
The activities of three methylating enzymes HIOMT, COMT, and HNMT were determined in pineal glands from 2 groups of adult vizcachas of both sexes, one (I) maintained under permanent lighting (15 days) and the other (II) kept in darkness. The control determinations (III) were carried out in pineal glands from animals hunted and killed during the night. In (I) the HIOMT activity decreased and the COMT activity increased; no changes were exhibited by HNMT. In (II) showed a diminished HIOMT activity. In captivity illumination affected HIOMT and COMT activites in a similar form to that observed in other species of rodents. The decrease in HIOMT activity in (II) suggests that captivity may affect pineal function, possibly as a consequence of a decrease in locomotor activity.
Asunto(s)
Acetilserotonina O-Metiltransferasa/metabolismo , Catecol O-Metiltransferasa/metabolismo , Histamina N-Metiltransferasa/metabolismo , Metiltransferasas/metabolismo , Glándula Pineal/enzimología , Roedores/metabolismo , Animales , Oscuridad , Femenino , Luz , MasculinoRESUMEN
The pineal of vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus) in specimens collected during winter, has the cytological characteristic of an active organ. In this state the animal is adapted to a prolonged dark environment and its reproductive organs are inactive. During summer, the vizcacha displays its sexual annual cycle of reproduction and the pineal is apparently inactive. These seasonal pineal changes may be related to the natural photoperiod and the gradual exposure to twilight during the long daylight summer period. This photic information may be expressed as changes in the sympathetic tone of the pineal. The vizcacha and rat's pineals may also influence on the pituitary pars intermedia secretion to respond as photoreceptors in the mechanism of adaptation to the natural photoperiod.
Asunto(s)
Adaptación Fisiológica , Luz , Melatonina/farmacología , Periodicidad , Células Fotorreceptoras/fisiología , Glándula Pineal/fisiología , Animales , Femenino , Masculino , Hormonas Estimuladoras de los Melanocitos/metabolismo , Melatonina/biosíntesis , Glándula Pineal/ultraestructura , Ratas , Roedores/fisiología , Estaciones del AñoRESUMEN
Seasonal changes in reproductive activity in the adult male vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus), a South American rodent, were investigated. Monthly, for 2 yr, the animals were killed and decapitated during the night near their burrows in the vicinity of San Luis, Argentina. The testes, epididymides, and pineal glands were removed and used for biochemical and structural studies. Significant changes associated with seasonal cycles were found. 1) In July-August (winter in South America), a short hibernal period of sexual quiescence, decline in testicular and epididymal weights, arrest of spermatogenesis, and decrease of serum testosterone were observed. The gonads regressed during this period, with regression most pronounced in August. 2) During September-November (spring), a recovery period--without arrest of spermatogenesis--was observed, with significant expression of gonadal activity during April-May (autumn). In this season, gonadal weight was increased and spermatogenesis was complete. These results indicate an increase in sexual activity as well as in the ability to secrete testosterone. A gradual reduction of testicular activity appeared in June-July (early winter). Conversely, in this period, the pineal hydroxyindole-O-methyl transferase activity decreased in contrast to the highest values observed in winter. Our findings indicate that the male adult vizcacha under natural conditions exhibits an annual reproductive cycle. A possible relationship between increased pineal activity and gonadal regression is also suggested.
Asunto(s)
Epidídimo/fisiología , Roedores/fisiología , Estaciones del Año , Testículo/fisiología , Acetilserotonina O-Metiltransferasa/metabolismo , Animales , Epidídimo/anatomía & histología , Masculino , Tamaño de los Órganos , Glándula Pineal/enzimología , Reproducción/fisiología , Espermatogénesis , Testículo/anatomía & histología , Testosterona/sangreRESUMEN
The antiinflammatory activities of ten organic extracts from the aerial parts of Baccharis medullosa DC., Baccharis rufescens S. and Laennecia sophiifolia (Kunth) G. L. Nesom were investigated in mice subjected to carrageenan induced paw oedema. Intraperitoneally administered organic extracts given at doses equivalent to 80 mg/kg of material inhibited the acute phases of inflammation in this model. Our results indicate that the most effective extracts were: n-hexane (I) from B. medullosa, acetone (V) and chloroform (VII) from L. sophiifolia, and acetone (VIII) and chloroform (X) from B. rufescens. All exerted the strongest effect at 5 h after injection of the phlogistic agent.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Asteraceae/química , Edema/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/aislamiento & purificación , Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Carragenina/farmacología , Edema/inducido químicamente , Medicina de Hierbas , Masculino , Ratones , Fitoterapia , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Estructuras de las PlantasRESUMEN
La pineal de la vizcacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus) sacrificadas durnate invierno muestra caracteristicas citologicas de un organo activo. En esta estacion el animal se encuentra adaptado a un prolongado medio ambiente de oscuridad. Sus organos reproductores estan inactivos.Durante el verano la viscacha tiene su ciclo anual reproducto y la pineal esta aparentemente inactiva. Estos cambios estacionales de la glundula pineal pueden relacionarse con el fotoperiodo natural y con la exposicion gradual a la luz crepuscular durante los periodos de luz diarios del verano. Dicha informacion fotica podria expresarse como cambios en el tono simpatico pineal. Las pineales de vizcacha y rata podrian tambien influjir sobre la secrecion de la pars intermedia hipofisaria, las que responderian como fotorreceptores en el mecanismo de adaptacion al fotoperiodo natura