Modified short-axis out-of-plane ultrasound versus conventional long-axis in-plane ultrasound to guide radial artery cannulation: a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Currently, short-axis out-of-plane (SA-OOP) and long-axis in-plane (LA-IP) ultrasound techniques are used to guide radial artery cannulation. In this study, we compared the success rate of a modified SA-OOP technique with that of traditional LA-IP. METHODS: One hundred sixty-four patients who were to undergo liver surgery or splenic resection under general anesthesia were included. Using a sealed envelope method, patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: the modified SA-OOP or the LA-IP ultrasound guidance approaches. The number of cannula insertion attempts until success was recorded in both groups. The primary end point to compare the groups was the rate of cannula insertion successes on the first attempt. The secondary end points were also recorded and compared: insertion failure rate, inner diameter of the radial artery, depth of artery from the skin, ultrasonic location time, cannulation time, and vascular complications including thrombosis, hematoma, edema, and vasospasm. RESULTS: The cannula insertion success rate on the first attempt was significantly higher in the modified SA-OOP group compared with the LA-IP group (proportion difference 15.7%, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6%-30.7%, P = 0.0158). However, the insertion failure rate was not different between groups (95% CI, -17.7% to 12.8%, P = 0.4969). The ultrasonic location time was significantly decreased in the modified SA-OOP group compared with the LA-IP group (mean difference -9.5 seconds, 95% CI, -10.6 to -8.5 seconds, P < 0.0001). However, there was no significant difference between groups for cannulation time (95% CI, -0.6 to 7.6 seconds, P = 0.1152), depth of artery (95% CI, -0.07 to 0.57 mm, P = 0.1050), and the diameter of the radial artery (95% CI, -0.30 to 0.03 mm, P = 0.1153). CONCLUSION: The modified SA-OOP technique may improve the success rate of cannula insertion into the radial artery on the first attempt.

Influence of phenylephrine or ephedrine on maternal hemodynamics upon umbilical cord clamping during cesarean delivery.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Vasopressors ephedrine and phenylephrine are commonly used with spinal anesthesia during cesarean delivery. Studies on them have focused on the period before the umbilical cord is clamped, although anesthesia is continuously administered throughout and after this event. This study aimed to compare the effects of these drugs on maternal hemodynamics at and after clamping of the umbilical cord. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind study. SETTING: Parturients (n = 60) scheduled for elective cesarean delivery were randomly divided into an ephedrine group and a phenylephrine group. Each woman received an intrathecal injection of bupivacaine (7.5 mg). MEASUREMENTS: Patients in the ephedrine and phenylephrine groups were infused continuously with ephedrine (0.02 mg×kg-1×min-1) or phenylephrine (0.25 µg×kg-1×min-1), respectively, from immediately after the injection of bupivacaine until termination 10 minutes after the umbilical cord was clamped (the endpoint). Hemodynamic changes were recorded. RESULTS: After clamping the umbilical cord, the patients who were administered ephedrine experienced significant increases in heart rate (89 ± 11 beats/min to 106 ± 15 beats/min), cardiac output (6.4 ± 0.9 l/min to 7.6 ± 1.2 l/min) and cardiac index (3.5 ± 0.39 l×min-1×m-2 to 4.3 ± 0.48 l×min-1×m-2), while the systemic vascular resistance decreased (908 ± 296 dyne·s/cm5 to 711 ± 285 dyne·s/cm5). Such differences were not observed in the patients who received phenylephrine. Moreover, the heart rate of patients administered ephedrine was higher than that of patients given phenylephrine after clamping the umbilical cord. CONCLUSION: Continuous infusion of phenylephrine during cesarean delivery maintains a stable maternal hemodynamic status better than ephedrine.

Effects of total flavonoids from Dracocephalum moldavica on the proliferation, migration, and adhesion molecule expression of rat vascular smooth muscle cells induced by TNF-α.

CONTEXT: Dracocephalum moldavica Linn (Labiatae) is one of the ethnomedicinal drugs of Uygur in Xinjiang, China. This herb is mainly used in treating cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. However, the mechanism of pharmacological activity of D. moldavica has been poorly studied. OBJECTIVE: To explore the pharmacological mechanism of D. moldavica in treating atherosclerosis by investigating the effects of total flavonoids from the aerial portion of D. moldavica on rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The proliferation and migration of VSMCs were evaluated via a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and transwell chamber experiment, respectively. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), nuclear factor κB p65 (NF-κB p65), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) of VSMCs was determined using immunohistochemistry staining and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). RESULTS: Total flavonoids (IC(50) = 145.63 µg/mL) significantly inhibited tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) induced VSMC proliferation at concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 µg/mL. Treatment with 50 and 100 µg/mL of total flavonoids also significantly inhibited TNF-α-induced VSMC migration, whereas 25 µg/mL of total flavonoids did not elicit any significant inhibitory effect. In addition, the effects of total flavonoids on inflammatory molecule expression of cells were tested by immunohistochemistry staining, showing that TNF-α-induced expression of PCNA, NF-κB p65, ICAM-1, and VCAM-1 in VSMCs was dose-dependently suppressed by total flavonoids. Furthermore, qRT-PCR data confirmed the inhibition of mRNA expressions of these inflammatory molecules. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These data suggest that total flavonoids from D. moldavica exhibit anti-inflammatory activities, which is probably one of the underlying mechanisms of D. moldavica for clinical treatment of atherosclerosis.

Alpha-Momorcharin Inhibits Proinflammatory Cytokine Expression by M1 Macrophages but Not Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Expression by M2 Macrophages.

Background: Alpha-momorcharin (α-MMC) is a natural medicine derived from bitter melon and has been found to exert immunomodulatory effects. Our previous study indicated that α-MMC can regulate cytokine release from monocytes, but it remains unknown about its regulatory effect on different types of cytokines, such as inflammatory cytokines or anti-inflammatory cytokines. Methods: LPS-induced M1-type macrophages model and IL-4-induced M2-type macrophages model were established, and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines were assessed by ELISA after α-MMC was administered. Then, a LPS-induced acute pneumonia mouse model was established, the proinflammatory cytokines levels and inflammatory lesions in lung tissues were examined by ELISA or H&E staining. Furthermore, omics screening analysis and Western blotting verification were performed on TLR4 and JAK1-STAT6 signalling pathway-related proteins to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of α-MMC in those M1 macrophages and M2 macrophages. Results: At a noncytotoxic dose of 0.3 µg/mL, α-MMC significantly inhibited the LPS-induced expression of inflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-8, MIP-1α and MCP-1, by M1 macrophages in a time-dependent manner, but α-MMC did not inhibit the IL-4-induced synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10, IL-1RA, EGF, VEGF, TGF-ß and CCL22, by M2 macrophages. Moreover, α-MMC also inhibited inflammatory cytokine expression in an LPS-induced acute pneumonia mouse model and alleviated inflammation in lung tissues. Furthermore, omics screening and Western blotting analysis confirmed that α-MMC inhibited TAK1/p-TAK1 and subsequently blocked the downstream MAPK and NF-κB pathways, thus inhibiting the LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine expression. Conclusion: Our results reveal that α-MMC inhibits proinflammatory cytokine expression by M1 macrophages but not anti-inflammatory cytokine expression by M2 macrophages. The efficacy of α-MMC in selectively inhibiting proinflammatory cytokine expression renders it particularly suitable for the treatment of severe inflammation and autoimmune diseases characterized by cytokine storms.

Rapid efficacy of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) in treating thoracolumbar fractures in elderly patients.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate the effects of percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) on the elderly patients with thoracolumbar fractures and its influence on their complications and quality of life. METHODS: Totally 175 elderly patients with thoracolumbar fractures admitted to our hospital from June 2017 to January 2019 were selected as the research participants. Seventy patients in the control group (CG) were treated with conventional therapy, and 105 in the research group (RG) were treated by percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP). The surgical indications (time of hospitalization and ground exercise), pressure injury and pain (VAS score) of patients in both groups were tested and compared. The ODI score, quality of life GQOLI-74 scale score, height of anterior vertebral border and cobb angle of patients were compared, and their total effective and complication rates were statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The surgical indications of patients in the RG were better than those in the CG. Those with pressure injury in stages 1 and 2 were fewer, and VAS and ODI scores were lower; GQOLI-74 scale score was higher, height of anterior vertebral border was higher than that in the CG, and the cobb angle was smaller The total effective rate was higher and the incidence of complications was lower than that in the CG. CONCLUSION: PKP is more effective and faster in treating thoracolumbar fractures in elderly patients with fewer postoperative complications, and can promote the recovery of function and quality of life.

LncRNA FLVCR1-AS1 accelerates osteosarcoma cells to proliferate, migrate and invade via activating wnt/ß-catenin pathway.

PURPOSE: To clarify the biological function of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) FLVCR1-AS1 in the progression of osteosarcoma. METHODS: The correlation between FLVCR1-AS1 level and pathological indexes of osteosarcoma patients was analyzed by chi-square test. Subsequently, the regulatory effects of FLVCR1-AS1 on the proliferative, migratory and invasive abilities of osteosarcoma cells were evaluated. Moreover, the relative levels of CTNNB1, SOX4, CCND1, CCND2 and MYC in osteosarcoma cells regulated by FLVCR1-AS1 were detected by qRT-PCR. Finally, rescue experiments were conducted to verify the role of wnt/ß-catenin in osteosarcoma progression. RESULTS: LncRNA FLVCR1-AS1 was upregulated in osteosarcoma, which was positively correlated to tumor size, WHO grade and distant metastasis, but negatively correlated to survival of osteosarcoma patients. Overexpression of FLVCR1-AS1 markedly suppressed osteosarcoma cells to proliferate, migrate and invade. Relative levels of CTNNB1, SOX4, CCND1, CCND2, MYC and nucleus ß-catenin were upregulated in U2OS and MG63 cells overexpressing FLVCR1-AS1. Finally, CTNNB1 knockdown was identified to reverse the influence of overexpressed FLVCR1-AS1 of osteosarcoma cells. CONCLUSIONS: FLVCR1-AS1 accelerates the progression of osteosarcoma via activating wnt/ß-catenin pathway.

CT-guided percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation for glossopharyngeal neuralgia: A retrospective clinical study of 117 cases.

OBJECTIVE: Glossopharyngeal neuralgia (GPN) is a rare disorder of the ninth cranial nerve. Percutaneous radiofrequency thermocoagulation (PRT) is an established treatment for neuropathic pain. Since PRT was first applied with GPN, only a few studies have provided detailed reports on its clinical outcomes and complications, and the number of cases was small. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects, incidence rates, and severity of adverse events of computed tomography (CT)-guided PRT in 117 patients with GPN. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 117 patients with idiopathic GPN underwent CT-guided PRT from July 2004 to December 2016. A retrospective review of medical records was performed to investigate baseline characteristics and immediate outcomes after operation. Long-term outcomes were obtained via telephone interviews. Patients were followed up at 3 months, 6 months, and thereafter, every year after operation. According to Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) pain scale, the effects of this treatment were categorized into 5 levels. Adverse events, frequencies, severity, and recovery times of complications were recorded. RESULTS: Patients who were classified into BNI class I and BNI class II experienced excellent pain relief. Ninety-six patients (82.1%) achieved "excellent" pain relief immediately after treatment. The mean follow-up period was 73.6 months (range, 13-150). With regard to long-term outcomes, the percentage of patients who experienced "excellent" pain relief was 75.9% at 1 year, 63.0% at 3 years, 54.0% at 5 years, 44.2% at 10 years, and 39.3% at 12.5 years. Complications, which included dysphagia, lingual numbness, pharynx and larynx numbness, hoarseness, and abnormal sense of taste, were graded 1 as defined by the Landriel Ibanez classification, and all complications disappeared within 12.9 ± 5.1 weeks. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that PRT is a minimally invasive procedure that leads to minor complications and is proven to have immediate and long-term effectiveness for managing GPN. It is especially suitable for patients with contraindication to surgery and patients who require recurrent treatment. We provide a detailed report of the adverse events experienced by GPN patients who underwent PRT.

[Study on the antimutagenicity of Cordyceps taii polysaccharide].

OBJECTIVE: To study the antimutagenicity of Cordyceps taii polysaccharide (CDPl). METHODS: Ames test and micronucleus form assay of polychromatic erythrocytes in mice bone marrow were used to evaluate the antimutagenic effect of CDPI with different concentrations. RESULTS: CDP1 could inhibit the reverse mutation on Salmonella typhimuriun strains TA97, TA98, TA100 and TA102 without S9 in different degree, especially remarkable in the strains T97 ,T98 and T102. The maxium inhibition rates of strains TA97, TA98, TA100 and T102 were 68.5%, 79.5%,19. 8% and 81.3%, respectively. In addition, CDPI could significantly reduce micronucleus frequencies induced by cyclophosphamide, and the rate of maxium inhibition was 70.3%. CONCLUSION: Cordyceps taii polysaccharide possesses significantly antimutagenic properties.

[Effect of decreased GSH on sensitivity of breast cancer cells to ADM].

OBJECTIVE: Glutathione(GSH) maintains an optimum cellular redox potential. Elevated levels of GSH render some types of cancer cells resistant against anti-cancer drugs. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a thiol-depleting agent, diethylmaleate (DEM), on the sensitivity of human breast cancer cells to ADM. METHODS: The ADM-resistant human breast cancer MCF-7/ADM cell lines and ADM-sensitive MCF-7/S cell lines were treated by thiol-depleting agent DEM for 3 h respectively. The changes of sensitivity to ADM were then measured by MTT assay. The intracellular GSH contents were examined by fluorescent-spectrophotometry and the correlation between the changes of sensitivity to ADM and the intracellular GSH content was analyzed. RESULTS: Treatment of MCF-7/ADM and MCF-7/S cells by 0.1 micromol/L DEM for 3 h decreased 37.4% and 29.7% of the intracellular GSH content respectively (P < 0.01). ADM also decreased intracellular GSH content in a ADM-concentration-dependent manner. The combined use of DEM and ADM depleted the intracellular GSH content in both cells significantly more than the sum of single use of ADM and DEM alone. The sensitivity of both cells to ADM increased with the decline of intracellular GSH content. CONCLUSION: The depletion effect of DEM on the intracellular GSH could be enhanced by ADM and such depletion may be involved in the changes of the sensitivity of MCF/7 cells to ADM.

Inhibitory effect of Bailing capsule on hypoxia-induced proliferation of rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells.

OBJECTIVES: To investigated the effects of Bailing capsule on hypoxia-induced proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs).   METHODS: This prospective study was performed at the Central Laboratory, Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, China between April 2012 and November 2014. Ten healthy adult male Wistar rats were administrated with gastric perfusion of Bailing capsule to obtain serum containing the tested drugs. Proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells proliferation was measured using cell counting kit-8 assay. Production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in rat PASMCs was determined through a fluorometric assay, whereas production of endothelin-1 (ET-1) was detected by ELISA and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), c-fos, and c-jun in PASMCs was also determined using immunohistochemistry staining and qRT-PCR.  RESULTS: We observed that the medicated serum obviously inhibited hypoxia-induced cell proliferation in a concentration-dependent manner. Moreover, the medicated serum significantly reduced hypoxia-induced production of ROS and ET-1, as well as expression of PCNA, c-fos, and c-jun, in PASMCs.  CONCLUSION: RESULTS demonstrated that Bailing capsule can inhibit hypoxia-induced PASMC proliferation possibly by suppressing ET-1 and ROS production and by inhibiting expression of PCNA, c-fos, and c-jun. These results suggest that Bailing possess antiproliferative property, which is probably one of the underlying mechanisms of Bailing capsule for the clinical treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

[A novel fluorophotometric method for assaying free glutathione of both reduced and oxidized in plasma].

To investigate the measurement of free glutathione of both reduced or oxidized (i.e. GSH and GSSG) in plasma, and to evaluate the redox state of GGSH/GSSG in human plasma, both GSH and GSSG in plasma were measured by fluorophotometry based on the facts that one molar GSSG can be reduced to two molar GSH by dithiothreitol(DTT) under the condition of the pH being about 6.0, and GSH can provide both primary amine and thiol groups to react with the two carbonyl groups of O-phthaldehyde (OPA) to form a fluorescent ternary isoindole complex at pH 8.0. This method can at least measure 16 picomole GSH and 8 picomole GSSG respectively in the tube. The variation coefficient (CV) for intra-ssay and intera-ssay is about 4. 6% and 3.9% for GSH and 3.5% and 4.1% for GSSG respectively. The recovery of GSH and GSSG added to the plasma is (99.77% +/- 5.70)% and (99.28% +/- 4.73)% respectively. The concentration of GSH and GSSG in the plasma of young healthy volunteer is (16.5 +/- 2.4) nmol x mL(-1) and (1.7 +/- 0.35)nmol x mL(-1) respectively, without significant difference between male and female. This measurement method is simple with great sensitivity and selectivity for rapid measuring GSH and GSSG in human plasma simultaneously.

[Decreased FcγRIIb1 translocation to lipid raft signaling domains in activated B lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes in FcγRIIb1 translocation to lipid raft signaling domains in activated B lymphocytes from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). METHODS: The peripheral blood of SLE patients and healthy subjects were collected, and B lymphocytes were isolated. The cells were stimulated with F(ab')2; fragments of anti-µ chain antibodies [F(ab')2; anti-µ, for B cell receptor (BCR) crosslinking] or with whole immunoglobulin G (IgG) anti-µ chain antibodies (IgG anti-µ, for BCR and FcγRIIb1 co-crosslinking). The lipid rafts in the cell membrane were extracted by density-gradient ultracentrifugation. FcγRIIb1 localization, FcγRIIb1 tyrosine residue phosphorylation, and SH2-containing inositol phosphatase (SHIP) recruitment to FcγRIIb1 in the lipid rafts were detected by immunoprecipitation and Western blotting. RESULTS: After B lymphocyte stimulation with F(ab')2; anti-µ, FcγRIIb1 translocation to lipid rafts, as well as tyrosine-phosphorylated FcγRIIb1 and SHIP recruitment to FcγRIIb1 in the lipid rafts, showed no significant changes in the B lymphocytes from SLE patients compared with those in the healthy control subjects. However, after B lymphocyte stimulation with IgG anti-µ, the above indexes were significantly lower in the B lymphocytes from SLE patients than in the healthy control subjects. CONCLUSION: This study provides evidence for the decreased FcγRIIb1 translocation to lipid rafts as well as for the reduced tyrosine-phosphorylated FcγRIIb1 and SHIP recruitment to FcγRIIb1 in lipid rafts of B lymphocytes from SLE patients after stimulated with IgG anti-µ.

Effect of pomegranate peel polyphenol gel on cutaneous wound healing in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.

BACKGROUND: Pomegranate (punica granatum) belongs to the family Punicaceae, and its peel has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine because of its efficacy in restraining intestine, promoting hemostasis, and killing parasites. Pomegranate peel has been reported to possess wound-healing properties which are mainly attributed to its polyphenol extracts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of pomegranate peel polyphenols (PPP) gel on cutaneous wound healing in diabetic rats. METHODS: Alloxan-induced diabetic rats were given incisional wounds on each side of the mid-back and then treated daily with PPP gel (polyphenol mass fraction = 30%) post-wounding. Rats were sacrificed on days 4, 7, 14, and 21 post-wounding to assess the rates of wound closure, histological characteristics; and to detect the contents of hydroxyproline, production of nitric oxide (NO), and activities of NO synthase (NOS), as well as the expressions of transforming growth factor-ß1 (TGF-ß1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) in wound tissue. RESULTS: Wound closure was significantly shortened when PPP gel was applied to the wounds of diabetic rats. Histological examination showed the ability of PPP gel to increase fibroblast infiltration, collagen regeneration, vascularization, and epithelialization in the wound area of diabetic rats. In addition, PPP gel-treated diabetic rats showed increased contents of hydroxyproline, production of NO, and activities of NOS and increased expressions of TGF-ß1, VEGF, and EGF in wound tissues. CONCLUSION: PPP gel may be a beneficial method for treating wound disorders associated with diabetes.

Different effects of homocysteine and oxidized low density lipoprotein on methylation status in the promoter region of the estrogen receptor alpha gene.

We investigated the effects of homocysteine (Hcy) and oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) on DNA methylation in the promoter region of the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) gene, and its potential mechanism in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Cultured smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of humans were treated by Hcy and ox-LDL with different concentrations for different periods of time. The DNA methylation status was assayed by nested methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction, the lipids that accumulated in the SMCs and foam cell formations were examined with Oil red O staining. The proliferation of SMCs was assayed by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide method. The results showed that ox-LDL in moderate concentrations (10-40 mg/L) induced de novo methylation in the promoter region of the ERalpha gene of SMCs. However, high concentrations (50 mg/L) of ox-LDL, resulted in demethylation of ERalpha. The Hcy treatment resulted in de novo methylation in the promoter region of the ERalpha gene with a concentration- and treating time-dependent manner, and a dose-dependent promoting effect on SMC proliferation. These data indicated that the two risk factors for atherosclerosis had the function of inducing de novo methylation in the promoter region of the ERalpha gene of SMCs. However, high concentrations (50 mg/L) of ox-LDL induced demethylation, indicating that different risk factors of atherosclerosis with different potency might cause different aberrant methylation patterns in the promoter region of the ERalpha gene. The atherogenic mechanism of Hcy might involve the hypermethylation of the ERalpha gene, leading to the proliferation of SMCs in atherosclerotic lesions.

[The abnormality of FcgammaRIIB1-mediated signaling and the hyperactivity of B cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus].

AIM: To evaluate the effect of FcgammaRIIB(1) (CD32) representative self-inhibitory adjustive mechanism of B cells on pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) by observing the expression characteristic and functional state of molecules on the surface of B cells from SLE patients. METHODS: The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were prepared by density gradient centrifugation, and the B cells were isolated from PBMC by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS). The fluxes of intracytoplasmic calcium ([Ca(2+)](i)) of B cells activated by different activators were measured by fluorescence spectrophotometric method. The IgG production by B cells cultured with activators was assayed by ELISA. The expression levels of CD32, CD19, and IgM on the surface of B cells were measured by flow cytometry. RESULTS: (1)After B cells were stimulated with goat anti-human mu chain F(ab')(2) fragments and whole IgG respectively, the ratio of [Ca(2+)](i) response by F(ab')(2) fragments to whole IgG was significantly lower in SLE B cells compared to rheumatoid arthritis (RA)(P<0.05) or normal (P<0.01) B cells. (2)The ratio of total IgG production by B cells cultured with staphylococcal protein A (SPA) to SPA plus IgG anti-mu chain was significantly lower in SLE patients compared to RA patients or normal individuals (P<0.05). (3)There was no obvious difference in the expression of CD19, CD32, and IgM on the surface of B cells from SLE, RA patients and normal individuals (P>0.05). CONCLUSION: The inhibitory signaling abnormality of CD32 possibly contributes to the mechanism of hyperactivity of human SLE B cells.

Effect of ozone produced from antibody-catalyzed water oxidation on pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.

Recent studies have suggested that antibodies can catalyze the generation of unknown oxidants including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ozone (O3) from singlet oxygen (1O2) and water. This study is aimed to detect the effect of antibody-catalyzed water oxidation on atherosclerosis. Our results showed that both H2O2 and O3 were produced in human leukemia THP-1 monocytes incubated with human immunoglobulin G and phorbol myristate acetate. In the THP-1 monocytes incubated with human immunoglobulin G, phorbol myristate acetate and low density lipoprotein, the intracellular total cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester and lipid peroxides clearly increased, and a larger number of foam cells were observed by oil red O staining. The accumulation of all intracellular lipids was significantly inhibited by vinylbenzoic acid, and only slightly affected by catalase. These findings suggested that the production of O3, rather than H2O2, might be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis through the antibody-catalyzed water oxidation pathway.