Early recognition of surgical patients with sepsis: Contribution of nursing records.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to analyze the contribution of nursing records to the early identification and management of sepsis in surgical patients at a university hospital. METHOD: This is a study with a quantitative, retrospective, descriptive, and correlational design. Data collection was performed through hospital information systems in the first semester of 2017 with the approval of the research ethics committee. We included 28 patients who met the inclusion criteria of the study. RESULTS: The analysis of the content of the records evidenced the development of the first signs of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) and organ dysfunction until the fifth day of hospitalization in 19 patients (67.8%). Confirmation or hypothesis of sepsis diagnosis occurred until the 10th day of hospitalization in 15 patients (53.5%). The analysis of the content of the records showed that the first signs of SIRS were predominantly identified in the electronic patient monitoring system in 26 cases (92.9%), whereas the first signs of organ dysfunction were described in the nursing staff records in 24 patients (85.7%). CONCLUSION: The results confirm the importance of the quality of nursing records for risk identification, early recognition, and proper management of sepsis in surgical patients, aiming at achieving greater effectiveness in the management of healthcare processes.

Challenging the status quo through nursing entrepreneurship education: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Entrepreneurship education is commonly incorporated into areas beyond nursing. However, advocating for curricular changes is necessary in a generation that seeks new learning styles and has different preferences and needs. Entrepreneurship has been identified as a valuable subject to be incorporated into nursing education, as it aligns with the foundational principles of Nursing as a science. AIM: To examine the state of knowledge regarding the entrepreneurship education of undergraduate nursing students. DESIGN: A scoping review was conducted following JBI and reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. METHODS: The searches were performed on July 19th, 2023, in MEDLINE via PubMed; ISI Web of Science; EBSCOhost CINAHL; Embase; Scopus; BVShost LILACS; and ProQuest. Grey literature was searched on Google Scholar. Records examining the entrepreneurship education of nursing students were included. RESULTS: The searches resulted in 17 records, 15 of which were from databases and two of which were identified via other methods. Although entrepreneurship education has increased over the years, the incorporation of diverse teaching modalities as a transformative and innovative educational strategy is still not a reality for many undergraduate nursing students worldwide. The findings highlight that entrepreneurship education is incorporated theoretically into mandatory courses with curricular components related to administration and health services management. CONCLUSIONS: Entrepreneurship education can pivot nursing education and drive change in educational strategy while maintaining the fundamentals of nursing education. With entrepreneurship education, nursing students envision professional identity values, such as leadership, critical thinking, and political development. When understanding their political role, nursing students can exercise leadership to think critically outside the box and challenge the status quo.

Permanent health education in a nursing technician course.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the understandings of a pedagogical intervention on the Brazilian National Policy of Permanent Health Education targeted at secondary technical and vocational nursing students. METHOD: Applied, pedagogical intervention study conducted with twenty-three students of a secondary technical nursing course; questionnaires, focal group, and thematic content analysis were employed. RESULTS: Intervention, collectively built by manager, nursing teachers, and researchers, is assessed to have led to a problematization of the concepts of education and continuing and permanent education. The following thematic categories emerged from the analysis: Prior knowledge of students and understandings of the classroom intervention; Relation between permanent education and educational welcome in health units; Ethics concerns and the articulation of care practice and theory; and Work process and approximations to permanent health education. CONCLUSION: The pedagogical intervention is assessed to have favored the critical reflection of the aspiring nursing technicians on permanent health education and the need for a collaborative pedagogical planning for aligning the health team's work process.

Nursing undergraduates' technical competence in informatics. / A competência técnica em informática de alunos de enfermagem.

Nurses in the information age need to build their knowledge and abilities in order to be competent in this area. The objective of this study was to verify the knowledge of nursing freshmen (1st semester) and seniors (8th semester) registered in 2008 and 2007, respectively, regarding their ability to use informatics resources. This is a non-experimental, descriptive, exploratory survey. Data collection was performed using a questionnaire based on a set of competences in informatics. The results revealed a low rate of informatics knowledge among the freshmen. However, regarding the applications that students had the most difficulty to operate, between the two periods, seniors had the worst performance, which shows it is necessary to include computer classes in the preparation of these new professional, in order to prepare them for the work market.

Factors associated with length of stay and death in tube-fed patients: A cross-sectional multicentre study.

OBJECTIVES: To analyse the factors associated with length of stay (LOS) and death in nasogastric/nasoenteric tube (NG/NET)-fed patients. DESIGN: A cross-sectional multicentre study. METHOD: Data collection took place from October 2017-April 2019, and the sample consisted of 365 participants from seven Brazilian hospitals. Demographic, clinical and therapeutic data were collected from the patients' medical records. Data analysis was performed using bivariate and multivariate tests, considering a significance level of p<.05. RESULTS: Most patients were male, older adults, with high risk of death and highly dependent on nursing care. The LOS was associated with age, patient care complexity and length of NG/NET use. Death was associated with patient age. In the multivariate analysis, patients highly dependent on nursing care, and intensive and semi-intensive care had a greater chance of dying when compared with patients receiving minimal care. Screening for factors affecting LOS and death is important to plan effective nursing care.

Evaluation of a webquest on the theme "management of material resources in nursing" by undergraduate students.

The learning process mediated by information and communication technology has considerable importance in the current context. This study describes the evaluation of a WebQuest on the theme "Management of Material Resources in Nursing". It was developed in three stages: Stage 1 consisted of its pedagogical aspect, that is, elaboration and definition of content; Stage 2 involved the organization of content, inclusion of images and completion; Stage 3 corresponded to its availability to students. Results confirm the importance of information technology and information as instruments for a mediating teaching practice in the integration between valid knowledge and the complex and dynamic reality of health services. As a result of the students' favorable evaluation of the approximation with the reality of nursing work and satisfaction for performing the activity successfully, the WebQuest method was considered valid and innovating for the teaching-learning process.

Assessment of premature mortality for noncommunicable diseases.

OBJECTIVES: to analyze premature mortality and Potential Years of Life Lost by noncommunicable diseases in a city in the countryside of São Paulo from 2010 to 2014. METHODS: ecological study of temporal tendency, using secondary source. For analysis, the premature mortality coefficient and the Potential Years of Life Lost indicator were used. RESULTS: males had the highest premature mortality rate due to cardiovascular disease, with 213.04 deaths per 100 thousand inhabitants, followed by neoplasms, with 188.44. In women, there was an inversion with 134.22 deaths from cancer and 110.71 deaths from cardiovascular disease. Regarding Potential Years of Life Lost, males had an average of 12.19 years lost by death and females of 13.45 years lost. CONCLUSIONS: the results reinforce the need to increase public health prevention and promotion policies to reduce premature deaths, especially among men.

Factors associated with mechanical device-related complications in tube fed patients: A multicenter prospective cohort study.

AIMS: To identify the types of nasogastric/nasoenteric tube (NGT/NET)-related adverse events and to analyze the degree of harm and the factors associated with mechanical device-related complications. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective cohort study was conducted from October 2017 to April 2019 in seven Brazilian hospitals. Data from 447 adult patients with NGT/NET were collected through electronic forms. Three methods were used to assess the NGT/NET-related adverse events: (1) encouraging spontaneous reports; (2) regular visits to the wards; and (3) review of medical records. The events were classified as mechanical device-related complications and other events. The degree of harm was classified according to the World Health Organization's International Classification for Patient Safety. Data were analyzed using the R program, version 3.5.3. The following tests were applied to identify associations between the explanatory and response variables: Cochran-Armitage Chi-Square test, Fisher's exact test, and Linear-by-linear Chi-Square test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to verify the predictors of mechanical device-related complications. All analyses were performed considering a 5% significance level. RESULTS: 191 NGT/NET-related adverse events were identified in 116 patients; the majority were mechanical device-related complications and resulted in mild harm to the patient. At the moment of the event, patients had a mean of 3.27 comorbidities, were highly dependent on nursing care, with high risk of death and altered level of consciousness. There was no association between the degree of harm and the care complexity, disease severity or level of consciousness. Intensive care was the strongest predictor for mechanical device-related complications and critical patients had a four times greater likelihood of presenting this type of event when compared to patients receiving minimal care. CONCLUSION: Intensive care patients should receive special attention as the complexity of care is an important predictor for mechanical device-related complications in tube fed patients.

Nasogastric/Nasoenteric tube-related incidents in hospitalised patients: a study protocol of a multicentre prospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: Hospitalised patients with nasogastric/nasoenteric tube (NGT/NET) are at constant risk of incidents; therefore, healthcare professionals need to routinely monitor risks and adopt strategies for patient safety and quality of care. AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the NGT/NET-related incidents in hospitalised patients and associated factors. METHODS: This is a multicentre study, with a prospective cohort design. Data will be collected at the general medical ward of seven Brazilian hospitals in the north, northeast, southeast and south. The sample will consist of 391 patients that require an NGT/NET during hospitalisation. Three different methods will be used to identify the incidents: (1) healthcare professionals and patients/caregivers will be required to report any NGT/NET-related incidents; (2) researchers will visit the wards to get information about the incidents with healthcare professionals and patients/caregivers; (3) the researchers will review the medical records looking for information on the occurrence of any NGT/NET-related incidents. Demographic, clinical and therapeutic details will be obtained from the medical records and will be registered in an electronic data collection tool developed for the purposes of this study. The complexity of patients will be assessed by the Patient Classification System, and the severity of comorbid diseases will be assessed through the Charlson Comorbidity Index. IMPLICATION FOR PRACTICE: The results may encourage the use of evidence effectively to influence the scientific foundation for clinical practice and the development of evidence-based policies that will prevent, manage and eliminate complications caused by NGT/NET-related incidents, and improve the quality and safety of care provided to hospitalised patients. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Detailed information about the study can be provided by the principal investigator. The findings will be reported through academic journals, seminar and conference presentations, social media, print media, the internet and community/stakeholder engagement activities.

Construção e validação de Quiz para avaliação de conhecimento cognitivo sobre febre maculosa / Creation and validation of a quiz to assess cognitive knowledge about spotted fever / Construcción y validación de un cuestionario para evaluar los conocimientos cognitivos sobre la fiebre maculosa

Objetivo: construir e validar um Quiz de avaliação cognitiva sobre Febre Maculosa, voltado para avaliar o conhecimento de estudantes que moram e/ou frequentam cidades de risco para a doença. Métodos: estudo metodológico desenvolvido em três etapas: construção do Quiz; validação de aparência e conteúdo com nove juízes, com análise realizada através do cálculo de Índice de Validade de Conteúdo, com valor de corte 0,80; e validação semântica, seguindo a metodologia DISABKIDS® com 12 alunos de cursos técnicos profissionalizantes, com avaliação dos dados realizada por estatística descritiva, tendo sido utilizado o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Resultados: o processo de validação foi subdividido em duas etapas: validação de aparência e conteúdo por profissionais das áreas de biologia e educação e validação semântica por alunos de cursos profissionalizantes. O Quiz foi elaborado e aplicado e os resultados mostraram um índice de validade de conteúdo superior a 0,80 para todas as variáveis analisadas. Na validação semântica, o Quiz foi considerado como de fácil compreensão e não houve dificuldade para o preenchimento. Conclusão: o Quiz construído foi validado quanto à aparência, ao conteúdo e à semântica, tendo alcançado concordância satisfatória, o que garante ser um instrumento adequado para o processo de avaliação sobre a temática investigada. Com isso, espera-se contribuir para a difusão de conhecimento acerca da identificação dos fatores de risco e da prevenção da saúde relacionados à Febre Maculosa.(AU)

Objective: to create and validate a cognitive assessment Quiz about Spotted Fever, targeted at evaluating what students living in and/or traveling to risk cities know about the disease. Methods: a methodological study developed in three stages: creation of the Quiz; face and content validation with nine judges, with analysis performed by calculating the Content Validity Index, with a cutoff value of 0.80; and semantic validation, following the DISABKIDS®methodology with 12 students from professional technical courses, with data evaluation performed by means of descriptive statistics, using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences program. Results: the validation process was subdivided into two stages: face and content validation by professionals in the Biology and Education areas, and semantic validation by students attending professional courses. The Quiz was prepared and applied and the results showed a Content Validity Index above 0.80 for all the variables analyzed. In the semantic validation, the Quiz was considered as easy to understand and there were no difficulties filling it in. Conclusion: the Quiz created was validated in terms of face, content and semantics, having achieved satisfactory agreement, which guarantees that it is an adequate instrument for the evaluation process on the theme investigated. With this, the expectation is to contribute to disseminating knowledge about the identification of risk and health prevention factors related to Spotted fever.(AU)

Objetivo: construir y validar un Cuestionario de evaluación cognitiva sobre la Fiebre Maculo-sa, destinado a evaluar los conocimientos de los estudiantes que viven y/o asisten a ciudades con riesgo para la enfermedad. Métodos: estudio metodológico desarrollado en tres etapas: construcción del Cuestionario; validación de apariencia y contenido con nueve jueces con aná-lisis realizado mediante el cálculo del Índice de Validez de Contenido, con un valor de corte de 0.80 y validación semántica, siguiendo la metodología DISABKIDS® con 12 estudiantes de carreras técnicas profesionales, con evaluación de datos realizada mediante estadística des-criptiva, donde se utilizó el programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Resultados: el proceso de validación se subdividió en dos etapas: validación de apariencia y contenido por profesionales de las áreas de biología y educación, y validación semántica por estudiantes de carreras profesionales. El Cuestionario fue diseñado y aplicado. Los resultados mostraron un índice de validez de contenido superior a 0,8 para todas las variables analizadas...(AU)

Prototype of a computerized scale for the active search for potential organ donors.

OBJECTIVE:: to develop a prototype of a computerized scale for the active search for potential organ and tissue donors. METHOD:: methodological study, with the analysis of 377 electronic medical records of patients who died due to encephalic death or cardiorespiratory arrest in the intensive care units of a tertiary hospital. Among the deaths due to cardiorespiratory arrest, the study aimed to identify factors indicating underreported encephalic death cases. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sepsis Related Organ Failure Assessment severity indexes were applied in the protocols. Based on this, a scale was built and sent to five experts for assessment of the scale content, and subsequently, it was computerized by using a prototyping model. RESULTS:: 34 underreported encephalic death cases were identified in the medical records of patients with cardiorespiratory arrest. Statistically significant differences were found in the Wilcoxon test between the scores of hospital admissions in the intensive care unit and the opening of the encephalic death protocol for both severity indexes. CONCLUSION:: the prototype was effective for identifying potential organ donors, as well as for the identification of the degree of organ dysfunction in patients with encephalic death. OBJETIVO:: desenvolver protótipo de escala informatizada para busca ativa de potenciais doadores de órgãos e tecidos. MÉTODO:: pesquisa metodológica, com análise de 377 prontuários eletrônicos de pacientes que evoluíram a óbito, por morte encefálica, ou parada cardiorrespiratória, nas unidades de terapia intensiva de hospital terciário. Nos óbitos por parada cardiorrespiratória, buscou-se identificar fatores que indicassem subnotificação de morte encefálica. Nos protocolos, foram aplicados os índices de gravidade Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II e Sepsis Related Organ Failure Assessment. A partir disso, construiu-se a escala que foi encaminhada a cinco especialistas, para avaliação de conteúdo, e, posteriormente, foi informatizada por modelo de prototipação. RESULTADOS:: foram identificadas 34 subnotificações de morte encefálica nos prontuários dos casos de parada cardiorrespiratória. O teste de Wilcoxon demonstrou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os escores de admissão em unidade de terapia intensiva e abertura do protocolo de morte encefálica, para ambos os índices de gravidade. CONCLUSÃO:: o protótipo foi efetivo para identificação de potenciais doadores, bem como o grau de disfunção orgânica de pacientes em morte encefálica. OBJETIVO:: desarrollar un prototipo de escala informatizada para la búsqueda activa de potenciales donantes de órganos y tejidos. MÉTODO:: investigación metodológica, con el análisis de 377 registros médicos electrónicos de pacientes, que fallecieron por muerte encefálica o paro cardiorrespiratorio, en las unidades de cuidados intensivos de un hospital terciario. Entre las muertes por paro cardiorrespiratorio, se buscó identificar los factores que indicasen subnotificación de muerte encefálica. Las puntuaciones de los índices de gravedad Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II y Sepsis Related Organ Failure Assessment se aplicaron en los protocolos. A partir de eso, la escala fue construida y enviada a cinco expertos para la evaluación del contenido, y posteriormente, fue informatizada mediante un modelo de prototipación. RESULTADOS:: se identificaron 34 casos de subnotificación de muerte encefálica en los registros médicos de los casos de paro cardiorrespiratorio. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la prueba de Wilcoxon, entre las puntuaciones de los ingresos hospitalarios en unidad de cuidados intensivos y apertura del protocolo de muerte encefálica para ambos índices de gravedad. CONCLUSIÓN:: el prototipo fue eficaz para la identificación de potenciales donantes, así como para la identificación del grado de disfunción orgánica en pacientes con muerte encefálica.

Permanent health education in a nursing technician course / Educación permanente en salud en la formación de técnicos de enfermería / Educação permanente em saúde na formação de técnicos em enfermagem

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the understandings of a pedagogical intervention on the Brazilian National Policy of Permanent Health Education targeted at secondary technical and vocational nursing students. Method: Applied, pedagogical intervention study conducted with twenty-three students of a secondary technical nursing course; questionnaires, focal group, and thematic content analysis were employed. Results: Intervention, collectively built by manager, nursing teachers, and researchers, is assessed to have led to a problematization of the concepts of education and continuing and permanent education. The following thematic categories emerged from the analysis: Prior knowledge of students and understandings of the classroom intervention; Relation between permanent education and educational welcome in health units; Ethics concerns and the articulation of care practice and theory; and Work process and approximations to permanent health education. Conclusion: The pedagogical intervention is assessed to have favored the critical reflection of the aspiring nursing technicians on permanent health education and the need for a collaborative pedagogical planning for aligning the health team's work process.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Evaluar las comprensiones de una intervención pedagógica sobre la Política Nacional de Educación Permanente en Salud de Brasil en estudiantes de educación profesional técnica de nivel medio en enfermería. Método: Investigación aplicada, de tipo intervención pedagógica, realizada con veintitrés estudiantes de un curso técnico de enfermería; se utilizaron cuestionarios, grupo focal y análisis de contenido temático. Resultados: Se evaluó que la intervención, construida colectivamente entre gestores, profesores e investigadores, permitió problematizar los conceptos de educación y educación continua y permanente. Del análisis surgieron las categorías temáticas Conocimiento previo de los estudiantes y comprensión de la intervención en la clase; Relación entre la educación permanente y la acogida pedagógica en las unidades de salud; Preocupaciones por la ética y la articulación teórico-práctica en la atención; y Proceso de trabajo y las aproximaciones a la educación permanente en salud. Conclusión: Se evaluó que la intervención pedagógica favoreció la reflexión crítica de los futuros técnicos de enfermería sobre la educación permanente y la necesidad de planificación pedagógica colaborativa para alinear el proceso de trabajo del equipo de salud.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as compreensões de uma intervenção pedagógica sobre a Política Nacional de Educação Permanente em Saúde em estudantes da educação profissional técnica de nível médio em enfermagem. Método: Pesquisa aplicada, do tipo intervenção pedagógica, realizada com vinte e três estudantes de curso técnico de enfermagem; utilizaram-se questionários, grupo focal e análise de conteúdo temática. Resultados: Avalia-se que a intervenção, construída coletivamente entre gestor, professores e pesquisadores, oportunizou a problematização dos conceitos de educação e educação continuada e permanente. Da análise emergiram as categorias temáticas Conhecimento prévio dos estudantes e compreensões da intervenção em sala de aula; Relação entre educação permanente e acolhimento pedagógico nas unidades de saúde; As inquietações sobre a ética e a articulação teórico-prática no cuidado; e Processo de trabalho e as aproximações com a educação permanente em saúde. Conclusão: Avaliou-se que a intervenção pedagógica favoreceu a reflexão crítica pelo futuro técnico de enfermagem sobre a educação permanente e a necessidade do planejamento pedagógico colaborativo para o alinhamento do processo de trabalho da equipe de saúde.

Mídias sociais digitais no acesso a informações de saúde baseadas em evidências / Digital social media in accessing evidence-based health information / Redes sociales digitales en el acceso a información de salud basada en evidencia

Objetivo: analisar o acesso a informações de saúde baseadas em evidências em linguagem fácil por meio de mídias sociais digitais junto a profissionais atuantes na Estratégia Saúde da Família antes e após atividade educativa. Método: estudo quase-experimental, do tipo antes e depois, em que se analisaram as mudanças relativas à busca e ao acesso a informações de saúde baseadas em evidência por profissionais da Estratégia Saúde da Família que participaram de atividade educativa. Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se a versão generalizada do teste qui-quadrado de McNemar. Resultados: os resultados evidenciaram que 50% dos participantes passaram a buscar informações de saúde baseadas em evidências (p=0,016) após a participação na atividade educativa, com maior utilização da internet para a busca dessas informações (p=0,008). Conclusão: o desenvolvimento de atividade educativa estimulou e facilitou o acesso a informações de saúde nas mídias digitais baseadas em evidências, em linguagem fácil, contribuindo para aumentar a busca por informações qualificadas e aplicáveis no trabalho dos profissionais da Estratégia de Saúde da Família.(AU)

Objective: to analyze the access to evidence-based health information in easy language through digital social media with professionals working in the Family Health Strategy before and after educational activity. Method: quasi-experimental study of the type before and after, in which the changes related to the search for and access to evidence-based health information by professionals from the Family Health Strategy who participated in educational activities were analyzed. In the data analysis, the generalized version of the McNemar chi-square test was used. Results: The results showed that 50% of the participants started to search for evidencebased health information (p = 0.016) after participating in the educational activity, with greater use of the internet to search for this information (p = 0.008). Conclusion: The development of educational activity stimulated and facilitated access to health information in digital media based on evidence, in easy language, contributing to increase the search for qualified and applicable information in the work of the professionals of the Family Health Strategy.(AU)

Objetivo: analizar el acceso a información de salud basada en evidencias en lenguaje fácil a través de las redes sociales digitales con profesionales que trabajan en la Estrategia Salud de la Familia antes y después de la actividad educativa. Método: estudio cuasiexperimental del tipo antes y después, en el que se analizaron los cambios relacionados con la búsqueda y acceso a información en salud basada en evidencia por parte de los profesionales de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia que participaron en actividades educativas. En el análisis de los datos se utilizó la versión generalizada de la prueba chi-cuadrado de McNemar. Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que el 50% de los participantes comenzaron a buscar información de salud basada en evidencia (p = 0.016) luego de participar en la actividad educativa, con mayor uso de internet para buscar esta información (p = 0.008). Conclusión: El desarrollo de la actividad educativa estimuló y facilitó el acceso a la información en salud en medios digitales basados en evidencia, en lenguaje fácil, contribuyendo a incrementar la búsqueda de información calificada y aplicable en el trabajo de los profesionales de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia.(AU)

Mortalidade prematura por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis segundo a vulnerabilidade social / Premature mortality from chronic non-communicable diseases according to social vulnerability

As doenças crônicas não transmissíveis constituem a maior carga de morbimortalidade no mundo sendo responsáveis por 63% das mortes globais. No Brasil, ainda representam a maior mortalidade do país. Com isso, o objetivo do estudo foi identificar áreas de risco e proteção para a mortalidade prematura por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis segundo a vulnerabilidade social no município de Ribeirão Preto de 2010 a 2014. Tratou-se de estudo ecológico, quantitativo que por meio do método de varredura espacial calculou-se o risco relativo e intervalo de confiança de 95% segundo dados de vulnerabilidade social. Identificaram cinco áreas com significância estatística, sendo duas áreas de alto risco com predomínio de setores censitários classificados como vulnerabilidade baixa, vulnerabilidade média e vulnerabilidade alta em ambientes urbanos. E três áreas de proteção com predominância de setores censitários classificados como baixíssima vulnerabilidade. Foi possível identificar as áreas de risco ou proteção para a mortalidade prematura por DCNT pode contribuir para a elaboração de estratégias inovadoras efetivas na redução da carga destas doenças para o SUS.

Chronic non-communicable diseases constitute the highest burden of morbidity and mortality in the world and is responsible for 63% of deaths worldwide. In Brazil, they still represent the highest mortality in the country. Thus, the objective of the study was to identify areas of risk and protection for premature mortality from chronic non-communicable diseases according to social vulnerability in the city of Ribeirão Preto from 2010 to 2014. This was an ecological, quantitative study in which, through the method of spatial scanning, the relative risk and 95% confidence interval were calculated according to social vulnerability data. Five areas of statistical significance were identified, with two high-risk areas being predominantly of census sectors classified as low vulnerability, medium vulnerability, and high vulnerability in urban environments, and three protection areas with being predominantly of census sectors classified as extremely low vulnerability. It was possible to identify areas of risk or protection for premature mortality due to CNCDs, which can contribute to the development of effective innovative strategies to reduce the burden of these diseases for SUS.

Evaluation of nursing students about learning with clinical simulation.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the contributions of clinical simulation for learning cognitive and procedural attributes through debriefing, from the perspective of nursing students. METHOD: descriptive exploratory study. Twenty nursing undergraduate students from a university in the interior of the state of São Paulo participated in this study. Data collection was performed at the debriefing stage. Student's perceptions about the simulation, positive aspects and what they could have done differently were registered. The students' statements were grouped according to the central themes and the framework of Bardin's content analysis (2011) and were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: enhancement of active, critical and reflective learning (47.5%) was identified due to the closeness to reality in nursing care (20.3%), manifestation of feelings experienced during the simulation (15.3%) and composition of the scenario (15.3%). CONCLUSION: the clinical simulation followed by debriefing promotes the understanding of the link between action and achievements in learning.

Assessment of premature mortality for noncommunicable diseases / Evaluación de la mortalidad prematura para la enfermedad crónica no transmisible / Avaliação da mortalidade prematura por doença crônica não transmissível

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze premature mortality and Potential Years of Life Lost by noncommunicable diseases in a city in the countryside of São Paulo from 2010 to 2014. Methods: ecological study of temporal tendency, using secondary source. For analysis, the premature mortality coefficient and the Potential Years of Life Lost indicator were used. Results: males had the highest premature mortality rate due to cardiovascular disease, with 213.04 deaths per 100 thousand inhabitants, followed by neoplasms, with 188.44. In women, there was an inversion with 134.22 deaths from cancer and 110.71 deaths from cardiovascular disease. Regarding Potential Years of Life Lost, males had an average of 12.19 years lost by death and females of 13.45 years lost. Conclusions: the results reinforce the need to increase public health prevention and promotion policies to reduce premature deaths, especially among men.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la mortalidad prematura y los Años Potenciales de Vida Perdidos por enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en una ciudad del interior de São Paulo, de 2010 a 2014. Métodos: Estudio ecológico de tendencia temporal, utilizando fuente secundaria. Para el análisis, se utilizaron el coeficiente de mortalidad prematura y el indicador de Años Potenciales de Vida Perdidos. Resultados: los hombres tuvieron la tasa de mortalidad prematura más alta debido a enfermedades cardiovasculares, con 213.04 muertes por cada 100 mil habitantes, seguidos de neoplasias, con 188.44. En las mujeres, hubo una inversión con 134.22 muertes por cáncer y 110.71 muertes por enfermedad cardiovascular. Con respecto a los posibles Años Potenciales de Vida Perdidos, los hombres tenían un promedio de 12,19 años perdidos por muerte y las mujeres de 13,45 años perdidos. Conclusiones: los resultados refuerzan la necesidad de aumentar la prevención pública y las políticas de promoción de la salud para reducir las muertes prematuras, especialmente entre los hombres.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a mortalidade prematura e os Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, em uma cidade do interior de São Paulo, no período de 2010 a 2014. Métodos: estudo ecológico, de tendência temporal, utilizando-se fonte secundária. Para análise, utilizou-se o coeficiente de mortalidade prematura e indicador de Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos. Resultados: o sexo masculino apresentou maior coeficiente de mortalidade prematura por doença cardiovascular, com 213,04 óbitos por 100 mil habitantes, seguido por neoplasias, com 188,44. Nas mulheres, houve uma inversão com 134,22 óbitos por neoplasias e 110,71 óbitos causados pelas doenças cardiovasculares. Em relação aos Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos, o sexo masculino apresentou média de 12,19 anos perdidos por óbito e o sexo feminino de 13,45 anos perdidos. Conclusões: os resultados reforçam a necessidade de incrementar políticas públicas de prevenção e promoção de saúde para redução de mortes prematuras, em especial dos homens.

Assessment of premature mortality for noncommunicable diseases / Evaluación de la mortalidad prematura para la enfermedad crónica no transmisible / Avaliação da mortalidade prematura por doença crônica não transmissível

ABSTRACT Objectives: to analyze premature mortality and Potential Years of Life Lost by noncommunicable diseases in a city in the countryside of São Paulo from 2010 to 2014. Methods: ecological study of temporal tendency, using secondary source. For analysis, the premature mortality coefficient and the Potential Years of Life Lost indicator were used. Results: males had the highest premature mortality rate due to cardiovascular disease, with 213.04 deaths per 100 thousand inhabitants, followed by neoplasms, with 188.44. In women, there was an inversion with 134.22 deaths from cancer and 110.71 deaths from cardiovascular disease. Regarding Potential Years of Life Lost, males had an average of 12.19 years lost by death and females of 13.45 years lost. Conclusions: the results reinforce the need to increase public health prevention and promotion policies to reduce premature deaths, especially among men.

RESUMEN Objetivos: analizar la mortalidad prematura y los Años Potenciales de Vida Perdidos por enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en una ciudad del interior de São Paulo, de 2010 a 2014. Métodos: Estudio ecológico de tendencia temporal, utilizando fuente secundaria. Para el análisis, se utilizaron el coeficiente de mortalidad prematura y el indicador de Años Potenciales de Vida Perdidos. Resultados: los hombres tuvieron la tasa de mortalidad prematura más alta debido a enfermedades cardiovasculares, con 213.04 muertes por cada 100 mil habitantes, seguidos de neoplasias, con 188.44. En las mujeres, hubo una inversión con 134.22 muertes por cáncer y 110.71 muertes por enfermedad cardiovascular. Con respecto a los posibles Años Potenciales de Vida Perdidos, los hombres tenían un promedio de 12,19 años perdidos por muerte y las mujeres de 13,45 años perdidos. Conclusiones: los resultados refuerzan la necesidad de aumentar la prevención pública y las políticas de promoción de la salud para reducir las muertes prematuras, especialmente entre los hombres.

RESUMO Objetivos: analisar a mortalidade prematura e os Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos por doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, em uma cidade do interior de São Paulo, no período de 2010 a 2014. Métodos: estudo ecológico, de tendência temporal, utilizando-se fonte secundária. Para análise, utilizou-se o coeficiente de mortalidade prematura e indicador de Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos. Resultados: o sexo masculino apresentou maior coeficiente de mortalidade prematura por doença cardiovascular, com 213,04 óbitos por 100 mil habitantes, seguido por neoplasias, com 188,44. Nas mulheres, houve uma inversão com 134,22 óbitos por neoplasias e 110,71 óbitos causados pelas doenças cardiovasculares. Em relação aos Anos Potenciais de Vida Perdidos, o sexo masculino apresentou média de 12,19 anos perdidos por óbito e o sexo feminino de 13,45 anos perdidos. Conclusões: os resultados reforçam a necessidade de incrementar políticas públicas de prevenção e promoção de saúde para redução de mortes prematuras, em especial dos homens.

Prototype of a computerized scale for the active search for potential organ donors / Protótipo de escala informatizada para busca ativa de potenciais doadores de órgãos / Prototipo de escala informatizada para la búsqueda activa de potenciales donantes de órganos

ABSTRACT Objective: to develop a prototype of a computerized scale for the active search for potential organ and tissue donors. Method: methodological study, with the analysis of 377 electronic medical records of patients who died due to encephalic death or cardiorespiratory arrest in the intensive care units of a tertiary hospital. Among the deaths due to cardiorespiratory arrest, the study aimed to identify factors indicating underreported encephalic death cases. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sepsis Related Organ Failure Assessment severity indexes were applied in the protocols. Based on this, a scale was built and sent to five experts for assessment of the scale content, and subsequently, it was computerized by using a prototyping model. Results: 34 underreported encephalic death cases were identified in the medical records of patients with cardiorespiratory arrest. Statistically significant differences were found in the Wilcoxon test between the scores of hospital admissions in the intensive care unit and the opening of the encephalic death protocol for both severity indexes. Conclusion: the prototype was effective for identifying potential organ donors, as well as for the identification of the degree of organ dysfunction in patients with encephalic death.

RESUMO Objetivo: desenvolver protótipo de escala informatizada para busca ativa de potenciais doadores de órgãos e tecidos. Método: pesquisa metodológica, com análise de 377 prontuários eletrônicos de pacientes que evoluíram a óbito, por morte encefálica, ou parada cardiorrespiratória, nas unidades de terapia intensiva de hospital terciário. Nos óbitos por parada cardiorrespiratória, buscou-se identificar fatores que indicassem subnotificação de morte encefálica. Nos protocolos, foram aplicados os índices de gravidade Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II e Sepsis Related Organ Failure Assessment. A partir disso, construiu-se a escala que foi encaminhada a cinco especialistas, para avaliação de conteúdo, e, posteriormente, foi informatizada por modelo de prototipação. Resultados: foram identificadas 34 subnotificações de morte encefálica nos prontuários dos casos de parada cardiorrespiratória. O teste de Wilcoxon demonstrou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os escores de admissão em unidade de terapia intensiva e abertura do protocolo de morte encefálica, para ambos os índices de gravidade. Conclusão: o protótipo foi efetivo para identificação de potenciais doadores, bem como o grau de disfunção orgânica de pacientes em morte encefálica.

RESUMEN Objetivo: desarrollar un prototipo de escala informatizada para la búsqueda activa de potenciales donantes de órganos y tejidos. Método: investigación metodológica, con el análisis de 377 registros médicos electrónicos de pacientes, que fallecieron por muerte encefálica o paro cardiorrespiratorio, en las unidades de cuidados intensivos de un hospital terciario. Entre las muertes por paro cardiorrespiratorio, se buscó identificar los factores que indicasen subnotificación de muerte encefálica. Las puntuaciones de los índices de gravedad Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II y Sepsis Related Organ Failure Assessment se aplicaron en los protocolos. A partir de eso, la escala fue construida y enviada a cinco expertos para la evaluación del contenido, y posteriormente, fue informatizada mediante un modelo de prototipación. Resultados: se identificaron 34 casos de subnotificación de muerte encefálica en los registros médicos de los casos de paro cardiorrespiratorio. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la prueba de Wilcoxon, entre las puntuaciones de los ingresos hospitalarios en unidad de cuidados intensivos y apertura del protocolo de muerte encefálica para ambos índices de gravedad. Conclusión: el prototipo fue eficaz para la identificación de potenciales donantes, así como para la identificación del grado de disfunción orgánica en pacientes con muerte encefálica.

[Public policy and rights of Single Health System's users with diabetes mellitus]. / Políticas públicas e direitos dos usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde com diabetes mellitus.

This study approaches the relationship between public policies and the rights of SUS (Single Health System) users with diabetes mellitus regarding the supplies used in the treatment of diabetes, under the view of legal rules and procedures for support of this population. Health professionals should be a link between users and current health model, actively assuming a role of defending the rights of SUS users with diabetes mellitus. This posture is an ideal to be achieved and consolidated in daily practices. The educational process needs to be strengthened, including the ethical-political dimension during actions implemented with SUS users.

Health services users with diabetes mellitus: from knowledge to the use of healthcare rights.

This descriptive study with qualitative approach analyzes the knowledge of individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM) concerning their health rights. Open interviews were conducted with 12 individuals with DM in a university center in the interior of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Content analysis enabled the identification of two categories: the users' (lack of) knowledge concerning their rights and the unaware exercise of their rights. The results revealed that despite the legal advancements achieved in public policies, most users with DM are unaware of their rights, although they use the benefits that accrue from law in an unconscious way. Providing complete and sufficient information is essential so that individuals are able to make the best decision in relation to their treatment, preserving their autonomy.