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PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We aimed to review the latest evidence regarding the value of tissue histopathological analysis in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and to facilitate tissue analysis by proposing a pragmatic checklist for clinical settings. RECENT FINDINGS: CRSwNP is a chronic inflammatory disease that severely impairs the patient's quality of life. The severity of the disease can be correlated with nasal polyps enriched in eosinophils/IL-5 and, although ≥ 10 eosinophils per high power field are considered enough to determine an eosinophilic CRS, this cut-off value, the biopsy method, and the sampling location are still a matter of debate. Besides, tissue eosinophil values might also have some added value when combined with other cellular counts (e.g., eosinophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, Charcot-Leyden crystals). Structured histopathology analysis of sinonasal tissue-including, for instance, tissue remodelling biomarkers, fibrosis, and eosinophilic aggregates-has proven to be a valuable tool for healthcare professionals to identify different pheno-endotypes of CRSwNP and to improve the prioritisation of candidates to targeted therapies. Patients with CRSwNP are treated according to their severity with corticosteroids (intranasal and systemic), endoscopic sinus surgery, and/or biological therapy. A panel of expert ear, nose, and throat specialists and pathologists proposed a pragmatic checklist to improve the clinical practice around tissue analysis in CRSwNP, to facilitate communication between hospital-based healthcare professionals, and to standardize the evaluation of inflammatory biomarkers.
RESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Chronic inflammation of nasolacrimal duct determines obstruction of the lacrimal flow and is called chronic dacryocystitis. Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) can solve this obstruction by opening the lacrimal sac directly to the nasal cavity, avoiding external scars in a simple, safe way. MATERIAL AND METHOD: We reviewed all cases operated using this technique between January 1996 and June 2008. We focused on demographic characteristics as well as the results obtained (subjective and objective improvements). RESULTS: We reviewed 76 Endoscopic DCR that were performed during aforementioned period of time. Of these cases, 75% were females; mean age was 52.4 years old. Improvement in symptoms was reported by 80.3% of the patients. These data are similar to the results seen in other studies. CONCLUSIONS: Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy is a simple, safe technique for treating chronic dacryocystitis, which provides similar or even better rates of improvement than other techniques used for this condition. In our patients, the results are not different from those observed in other studies. Our outcomes are comparable to those observed in other studies.