Diagnostic evaluation of institutions as a basis for designing the Brazilian maturity model of telehealth services.

BACKGROUND: The number and specificities of telehealth service units that expanded their services and diversified with the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil need to be discovered. The objective of this manuscript is to present a methodology for the diagnostic evaluation of 19 telehealth units from different regions of the country for federal governmental decision-making. METHODS: A cross-sectional quantitative and qualitative study was carried out in the form of a census based on administrative records with an online survey and in-depth interviews with local telehealth managers. RESULTS: Despite the discontinuity of regular funding, the results point to a diversity of initiatives and advances. Citizenship, sustainability, security, and budget management are recurring themes in the maturity analysis of telehealth services after the advent of the pandemic. CONCLUSION: It is necessary for Brazil to build a resilient model of the maturity of telehealth services that contemplates the different regional scenarios.

Collaboration Between Medical Professionals: Special Interest Groups in the Brazilian Telemedicine University Network (RUTE).

Background and Introduction: In Brazil, the Telemedicine University Network (RUTE) initiative promotes collaboration between university hospitals, teaching hospitals, health professionals, and students using information and communication technology infrastructure to support special interest groups (SIGs) in health care. Health professionals in institutions belonging to RUTE plan a program of video conferences and/or web conferences to discuss specific themes. This article presents the results of an analysis of collaboration in these SIGs. Materials and Methods: This study uses descriptive statistical analysis and visualization of data contained in management reports provided by RUTE national coordinators for the period between 2007 and 2016 to evaluate the extent of participation in SIGs between institutions associated with RUTE. In this data visualization, we employ concepts from social network theory. Results: The analysis identified the most influential institutions as measured by social network theory metrics. A small number of institutions were found to have many participating SIGs, but most had only a few participating institutions (more than 130 institutions have only one participating SIG). Over the study period, a significant quantitative growth in collaboration occurred, increasing from 21 institutions and 92 participating SIGs in 2007 to 380 institutions and 1,912 participating SIGs in 2016. Conclusion: The growth in collaboration within the network indicates increasing interest and participation in telehealth initiatives in Brazil.

Evaluation of Learning in Oncology of Undergraduate Nursing with the Use of Concept Mapping.

This study aims to identify whether the use of concept mapping (CM) strategy assists a student to extend and revise their expertise in oncology and analyze the abilities developed in a student in order to go through theoretical to practical knowledge. This study is descriptive and qualitative, with 20 undergraduate students of the Undergraduate Nursing Course of Paulista School of Nursing of Federal University of São Paulo, Brazil. The critical incident technique and content analysis were used. There were 12 categories represented by facilities, difficulties, and learning applicability in oncology provided by CM strategy during the surgical and clinical nursing discipline. The graphics resource, CMapTools®, and the clinical case data arranged in mapping for resolution generated an active search and exercise of self-learning in oncology. Despite the challenges of the use of CM as a teaching strategy-pedagogical, the results suggested an increase of autonomy and clinical reasoning in nursing practice.

Use of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) in Portuguese for categorizing web-based healthcare content.

INTRODUCTION: Internet users are increasingly using the worldwide web to search for information relating to their health. This situation makes it necessary to create specialized tools capable of supporting users in their searches. OBJECTIVE: To apply and compare strategies that were developed to investigate the use of the Portuguese version of Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) for constructing an automated classifier for Brazilian Portuguese-language web-based content within or outside of the field of healthcare, focusing on the lay public. METHODS: 3658 Brazilian web pages were used to train the classifier and 606 Brazilian web pages were used to validate it. The strategies proposed were constructed using content-based vector methods for text classification, such that Naive Bayes was used for the task of classifying vector patterns with characteristics obtained through the proposed strategies. RESULTS: A strategy named InDeCS was developed specifically to adapt MeSH for the problem that was put forward. This approach achieved better accuracy for this pattern classification task (0.94 sensitivity, specificity and area under the ROC curve). CONCLUSIONS: Because of the significant results achieved by InDeCS, this tool has been successfully applied to the Brazilian healthcare search portal known as Busca Saúde. Furthermore, it could be shown that MeSH presents important results when used for the task of classifying web-based content focusing on the lay public. It was also possible to show from this study that MeSH was able to map out mutable non-deterministic characteristics of the web.

Cognitive map to support the diagnosis of solitary bone tumors in pediatric patients.

Abstract. OBJECTIVE: To present a cognitive map to support the radiological diagnosis of solitary bone tumors, as well as to facilitate the determination of the nature of the tumor (benign or malignant), in pediatric patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected 28 primary lesions in pediatric patients, and we identified the findings typically associated with each of the diagnoses. The method used for the construction of the final cognitive map was the Bayesian belief network model with backward chaining. RESULTS: We developed a logical, sequential structure, in the form of a cognitive map, based on the Bayesian belief network model, with the intention of simulating the sequence of human thinking, in order to minimize the number of unnecessary interventions and iatrogenic complications arising from the incorrect evaluation of bone lesions. CONCLUSION: With this map, it will be possible to develop an application that will provide support to physicians and residents, as well as contributing to training in this area and consequently to a reduction in diagnostic errors in patients with bone lesions.

OBJETIVO: Apresentar um mapa cognitivo para suporte na determinação da natureza benigna ou maligna, bem como no diagnóstico radiológico, de tumores ósseos solitários na faixa etária pediátrica. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma seleção de 28 lesões principais na faixa etária pediátrica e dos achados característicos e associados a cada um desses diagnósticos. O método utilizado para a construção da estrutura cognitiva final foi o modelo de rede de crenças bayesianas com a técnica de encadeamento regressivo. RESULTADOS: Foi desenvolvida uma estrutura lógica e sequencial no formato de um mapa cognitivo, segundo o modelo de rede de crenças bayesianas, na tentativa de simular o raciocínio humano sequencial e minimizar esforços e iatrogenias oriundas da avaliação equivocada de lesões ósseas. CONCLUSÃO: Com base nesse mapa, será possível oferecer um aplicativo para apoio a profissionais e residentes médicos e colaborar com o treinamento nessa área e, consequentemente, diminuir erros no diagnóstico de uma lesão óssea.

[Development of ophthalmologic software for handheld devices]. / Desenvolvimento de software oftalmológico para computação móvel.

INTRODUCTION: The formulas for calculation of intraocular lenses have evolved since the first theoretical formulas by Fyodorov. Among the second generation formulas, the SRK-I formula has a simple calculation, taking into account a calculation that only involved anteroposterior length, IOL constant and average keratometry. With the evolution of those formulas, complexicity increased making the reconfiguration of parameters in special situations impracticable. In this way the production and development of software for such a purpose, can help surgeons to recalculate those values if needed. PURPOSE: To idealize, develop and test a Brazilian software for calculation of IOL dioptric power for handheld computers. METHODS: For the development and programming of software for calculation of IOL, we used PocketC program (OrbWorks Concentrated Software, USA). We compared the results collected from a gold-standard device (Ultrascan/Alcon Labs) with the simulation of 100 fictitious patients, using the same IOL parameters. The results were grouped for ULTRASCAN data and SOFTWARE data. Using SRK/T formula the range of those parameters included a keratometry varying between 35 and 55D, axial length between 20 and 28 mm, IOL constants of 118.7, 118.3 and 115.8. RESULTS: Using Wilcoxon test, it was shown that the groups do not differ (p=0.314). We had a variation in the Ultrascan sample between 11.82 and 27.97. In the tested program sample the variation was practically similar (11.83-27.98). The average of the Ultrascan group was 20.93. The software group had a similar average. The standard deviation of the samples was also similar (4.53). CONCLUSION: The precision of IOL software for handheld devices was similar to that of the standard devices using the SRK/T formula. The software worked properly, was steady without bugs in tested models of operational system.

Desenvolvimento de um módulo adaptativo para o Sistema de Treinamento das Habilidades Auditivas / Adaptive module development for Sistema de Treinamento das Habilidades Auditivas - SisTHA / Desarrollo de un módulo adaptativo para el Sistema de Entrenamiento de Habilidades Auditivas

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi desenvolver um modelo conceitual e implementar um módulo adaptativo de treinamento auditivo para o Sistema de Treinamento das Habilidades Auditivas (SisTHA) para adultos e idosos usuários de aparelho auditivo. Métodos: Foi implementado um modelo de treinamento auditivo baseado no perfil do usuário, nas suas restrições socioemocionais e queixas auditivas iniciais, e em seu desempenho ao longo do treinamento. Os questionários Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Adult (HHIA), Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Eldery (HHIE) e de queixas auditivas foram aplicados antes e depois do treinamento. Resultados: Foram implementadas melhorias de responsividade da interface e navegabilidade no SisTHA. O modelo adaptativo foi utilizado para definir o protocolo de treinamento resultando em quatro algoritmos para detecção de perfil, definição do treinamento, treinamento e medição de desempenho. Conclusão: Em futuros ensaios clínicos usando os grupos adaptativo e padrão espera-se avaliar se o treinamento adaptativo possui maior efetividade sobre o padronizado.

Objective: To develop a conceptual model and implement an adaptive hearing training module for the Hearing Skills Training System (SisTHA) for adults and elderly hearing aid users. Methods: A hearing training model based on the user's profile, psychosocial restrictions and initial hearing complaints, and their performance throughout the training was implemented. The Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Adult (HHIA), Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE) and Hearing Complaints questionnaires were applied before and after training. Results: Improvements in SisTHA interface responsiveness and navigability was implemented. The adaptive model was used to define the training protocol resulting in four algorithms for profile detection, training definition, training and performance measurement. Conclusion: Future clinical trials will be performed using the adaptive and standard groups to evaluate the possibility of adaptive training is more effective than the standardized ones.

Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación fue desarrollar y evaluar un módulo de entrenamiento auditivo adaptativo para el Sistema de Entrenamiento de las Capacidades Auditivas (SisTHA) para adultos y ancianos usuarios de audífonos. Métodos: un modelo de entrenamiento auditiva basado en el perfil del usuario, sus restricciones psicosociales y quejas iniciales de audición y su desempeño a lo largo del entrenamiento fue puesto en ejecución. Los cuestionarios Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Adult (HHIA), Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Eldery (HHIE) y quejas auditivas había sido aplicado antes y después del entrenamiento. Resultados: se han implementado mejoras en la capacidad de respuesta y navegabilidad de la interfaz SisTHA. El modelo adaptativo fue utilizado para definir el protocolo de entrenamiento que resultó en cuatro algoritmos para la detección de perfil, definición de entrenamiento, entrenamiento y medición de rendimiento. Conclusión: en futuros ensayos clínicos que usen los grupos adaptativos y estándar, se espera evaluar si el entrenamiento adaptativo es más efectivo que los estandarizados.

Classificação dos Grupos de Interesse Especial (SIGs) da Rede Universitária de Telemedicina (Rute) em Grupos Homogêneos com base em Sua Produção em Comunicação, Cooperação e Coordenação (3C) / Classification of Special Interest Groups (SIGs) from the Telemedicine University Network (RUTE) in Homogeneous Groups Based on their Production in Communication, Cooperation and Coordination (3C)

RESUMO Introdução A Rede Universitária de Telemedicina (Rute) é uma iniciativa que visa, no Brasil, promover a integração em telemedicina e telessaúde de hospitais universitários, hospitais certificados de ensino, faculdades de Medicina e profissionais da área da saúde por meio de infraestrutura de tecnologia da informação e comunicação e dos grupos de interesse especial (SIGs). Nesses grupos, que são criados e coordenados por instituições integrantes da Rute, profissionais de saúde e pesquisadores planejam uma agenda de videoconferências e/ou webconferências para debater temas específicos. Este artigo apresenta resultados da classificação dos SIGs da Rute em grupos homogêneos com base em sua produção em comunicação, cooperação e coordenação (3C). Métodos Foi realizado um inquérito com coordenadores dos SIGs entre abril e maio de 2016. A classificação dos SIGs em grupos homogêneos considerou as atividades desenvolvidas na rede entre 2007 e o momento da aplicação do inquérito. O estudo é retrospectivo, baseado em dados históricos das unidades, instituições e SIGs. Os coordenadores de 71 SIGs Rute foram convidados a responder. Desses, 45 SIGs ativos responderam ao inquérito de avaliação por completo e foram considerados nas análises. Resultados Quase um terço dos coordenadores respondentes (35%) declarou que seus SIGs atuam no eixo ensino, 21% atuam nos eixos de assistência e pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação, enquanto 12% atuam em gestão e 11% em avaliação. Foi feita a classificação dos SIGs em três grupos homogêneos - colaboração emergente, colaboração em desenvolvimento e colaboração plena - e identificado que, fora das sessões, 71% dos 45 SIGs (11 do grupo colaboração emergente e 20 do grupo em desenvolvimento) usam correio eletrônico como principal ferramenta de comunicação. Quatro SIGs do grupo colaboração plena indicaram: uso de serviço de mensagens instantâneas (1 SIG), site próprio (1 SIG) e redes sociais (2 SIGs). Conclusão Os resultados deste estudo podem não aferir com precisão a real produção e colaboração que os SIGs desenvolvem. Sugere-se, portanto, apreciar esta análise como um ponto de partida ou um referencial para a comunidade Rute. Porém, os resultados indicam que o desenvolvimento da colaboração na Rute e nos SIGs verificado nas análises é significativo, apontando uma evolução positiva para a Rute quanto ao interesse, participação e divulgação de ações em telemedicina e telessaúde no País.

ABSTRACT Introduction The Telemedicine University Network (RUTE) in Brazil is an initiative that promotes collaboration between university hospitals, teaching hospitals, health professionals, and students using information and communication technology infrastructure to support special interest groups (SIGs) in health care. Health professionals in RUTE-member institutions plan a program of video conferences and/or web conferences to discuss specific themes. This article presents the results of an analysis of the collaboration between the Special Interest Groups (SIGs) of the Telemedicine University Network (RUTE) considering the SIGs production in communication, cooperation and coordination (3C). Methods A survey was applied to SIG coordinators between April and May 2016. The classification of SIGs into homogeneous groups considered the activities developed in the network between 2007 and the time of the survey application. The study is retrospectively based on historical data from units, institutions and SIGs. The coordinators of 71 RUTE SIGs were invited to respond. Of those, forty-five active SIGs responded to the evaluation survey in its entirety and were considered in the analyses. Results Almost one third of the respondent coordinators (35%) stated that their SIG works in the education axis, 21% work in the care and research, development and innovation axes, while 12% work in management and 11% in evaluation. The SIGs were grouped into three homogeneous categories: emergent collaboration, collaborative development, and full collaboration, and it was identified that 71% of the 45 SIGs (11 in the emerging and 20 developing groups) use email as the main extra-session communication tool. Four SIGs from the full collaboration group reported: use of instant messaging service (1 SIG), own website (1 SIG) and social networks (2 SIGs). Conclusion The results of this study suggests may not accurately gauge the actual production and collaboration that SIGs develop and this analysis can be considered as a starting point or as a reference for the RUTE community. However, the results suggest significant growth in collaboration between RUTE-member SIGs, indicating a positive trend for the RUTE regarding the interest, participation and dissemination of actions in telemedicine and telehealth in the country.

Cognitive map to support the diagnosis of solitary bone tumors in pediatric patients / Mapa cognitivo para suporte ao diagnóstico de tumores ósseos solitários na faixa pediátrica

Abstract Objective: To present a cognitive map to support the radiological diagnosis of solitary bone tumors, as well as to facilitate the determination of the nature of the tumor (benign or malignant), in pediatric patients. Materials and Methods: We selected 28 primary lesions in pediatric patients, and we identified the findings typically associated with each of the diagnoses. The method used for the construction of the final cognitive map was the Bayesian belief network model with backward chaining. Results: We developed a logical, sequential structure, in the form of a cognitive map, based on the Bayesian belief network model, with the intention of simulating the sequence of human thinking, in order to minimize the number of unnecessary interventions and iatrogenic complications arising from the incorrect evaluation of bone lesions. Conclusion: With this map, it will be possible to develop an application that will provide support to physicians and residents, as well as contributing to training in this area and consequently to a reduction in diagnostic errors in patients with bone lesions.

Resumo Objetivo: Apresentar um mapa cognitivo para suporte na determinação da natureza benigna ou maligna, bem como no diagnóstico radiológico, de tumores ósseos solitários na faixa etária pediátrica. Materiais e Métodos: Foi realizada uma seleção de 28 lesões principais na faixa etária pediátrica e dos achados característicos e associados a cada um desses diagnósticos. O método utilizado para a construção da estrutura cognitiva final foi o modelo de rede de crenças bayesianas com a técnica de encadeamento regressivo. Resultados: Foi desenvolvida uma estrutura lógica e sequencial no formato de um mapa cognitivo, segundo o modelo de rede de crenças bayesianas, na tentativa de simular o raciocínio humano sequencial e minimizar esforços e iatrogenias oriundas da avaliação equivocada de lesões ósseas. Conclusão: Com base nesse mapa, será possível oferecer um aplicativo para apoio a profissionais e residentes médicos e colaborar com o treinamento nessa área e, consequentemente, diminuir erros no diagnóstico de uma lesão óssea.

A Teledermatologia na Prática Médica / Teledermatology in Medical Practice

RESUMO Fundamentos As doenças da pele são causas comuns da procura de atendimento na atenção primária em saúde, e a maioria desses atendimentos é realizada por médicos não dermatologistas. Em geral, o aprendizado insuficiente na graduação se reflete na atuação clínica e, consequentemente, em atendimentos referenciados, resultando em aumento de custo. Teledermatologia é a prática da dermatologia com uso de tecnologias de informação e sistemas de comunicação para a troca de informações médicas de um paciente entre médico não dermatologista e um dermatologista (teledermatologia secundária) - nos mesmos ou em diferentes momentos e em diferentes localizações geográficas. A teledermatologia secundária promete ser melhor, mais barata e mais rápida, embora as evidências não sejam suficientes em relação ao curso clínico da doença. Objetivo Revisar a literatura sobre as evidências científicas da teledermatologia secundária na prática médica. Método Revisão da literatura, entre 1999 e 2014, de ensaios clínicos, estudos observacionais, revisões e revisões sistemáticas identificados no PubMed sobre a teledermatologia secundária na prática médica. Além desses estudos, foram incluídos ensaios clínicos mais recentes realizados no Brasil sobre acurácia ou concordância de diagnóstico da teledermatologia secundária da base bibliográfica Lilacs durante o mesmo período e outros estudos relevantes de outras bases em relação à educação médica e dados demográficos. Resultados Foram incluídos 11 estudos mais recentes e/ou relevantes quanto à amostra e ao padrão clínico de diagnóstico. O resultado desta revisão foi dividido em quatro tópicos: eficiência da teledermatologia na atenção primária em saúde; acurácia concordância ou confiabilidade do diagnóstico da teledermatologia na atenção primária em saúde em relação à consulta presencial; satisfação e qualidade de vida do paciente; custo da teledermatologia na atenção primária em saúde. A maioria desses estudos relatou boa eficiência e acurácia de diagnóstico com diminuição dos custos e melhora da qualidade de vida dos pacientes, em especial os de área rural. Conclusão O acesso à dermatologia não pode ocorrer sem gestão. Devemos identificar situações em que a teledermatologia secundária funcione melhor, como em áreas remotas ou carentes, permitindo ao paciente acesso aos dermatologistas. A eficiência e acurácia de diagnóstico da teledermatologia secundária são inferiores às da consulta presencial, mas superior à da consulta dermatológica oferecida por médicos não dermatologistas.

ABSTRACT Background Skin diseases are a common cause of service demand on the primary health care system and the majority of these services are not performed by dermatologists. In general, insufficient undergraduate training is reflected in clinical performance and, consequently, in the referenced services, resulting in increased cost. Teledermatology is the practice of dermatology using information technology and communication systems. It consists of information exchanges between a dermatologist and general practitioners (secondary teledermatology) - either simultaneously or sequentially and in different geographical locations. Secondary Teledermatology promises a more efficient, reasonable and faster treatment in dermatological care, despite insufficient evidence regarding the clinical course of the disease. Objective To review the scientific literature which presents evidence of secondary teledermatology in medical practice. Method Review of the literature from 1999 to 2014 on clinical trials, observational studies, reviews and systematic reviews identified in PubMed on secondary. teledermatology in medical practice. In addition to these studies, we have included more recent clinical trials in Brazil on the accuracy or agreement of diagnoses made through secondary teledermatology found in the Lilacs bibliographic database, during the same period as well as other relevant studies from other databases regarding medical education and demographics. Results The 11 most recent and/or relevant studies in relation to the sample and clinical standard of diagnosis were included. The result of this review was divided into four topics: teledermatology efficiency in primary health care; accuracy, compliance or reliability of the teledermatology diagnosis in primary health care in relation to face-to-face dermatology consultation; patient satisfaction and quality of life; and cost of teledermatology in primary health care. Most of these studies reported good efficiency and diagnostic accuracy with lower costs and better quality of life for patients, in particular for those living in rural areas. Conclusion Dermatology is inaccessible without management. We must identify situations in which secondary teledermatology works best, as in remote or underserved areas, allowing patients to have access to dermatologists. The efficiency and accuracy of the diagnoses made through secondary teledermatology is inferior to face-to-face dermatological consultation, but more efficient than the dermatological visits provided by general practitioners.

Results of a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of a mobile SMS-based intervention on treatment adherence in HIV/AIDS-infected Brazilian women and impressions and satisfaction with respect to incoming messages.

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether a warning system based on mobile SMS messages increases the adherence of HIV-infected Brazilian women to antiretroviral drug-based treatment regimens and their impressions and satisfaction with respect to incoming messages. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial was conducted from May 2009 to April 2010 with HIV-infected Brazilian women. All participants (n=21) had a monthly multidisciplinary attendance; each participant was followed over a 4-month period, when adherence measures were obtained. Participants in the intervention group (n=8) received SMS messages 30 min before their last scheduled time for a dose of medicine during the day. The messages were sent every Saturday and Sunday and on alternate days during the working week. Participants in the control group (n=13) did not receive messages. MEASUREMENTS: Self-reported adherence, pill counting, microelectronic monitors (MEMS) and an interview about the impressions and satisfaction with respect to incoming messages. RESULTS: The HIV Alert System (HIVAS) was developed over 7 months during 2008 and 2009. After the study period, self-reported adherence indicated that 11 participants (84.62%) remained compliant in the control group (adherence exceeding 95%), whereas all 8 participants in the intervention group (100.00%) remained compliant. In contrast, the counting pills method indicated that the number of compliant participants was 5 (38.46%) for the control group and 4 (50.00%) for the intervention group. Microelectronic monitoring indicated that 6 participants in the control group (46.15%) were adherent during the entire 4-month period compared to 6 participants in the intervention group (75.00%). According to the feedback of the 8 participants who completed the research in the intervention group, along with the feedback of 3 patients who received SMS for less than 4 months, that is, did not complete the study, 9 (81.81%) believed that the SMS messages aided them in treatment adherence, and 10 (90.90%) responded that they would like to continue receiving SMS messages. CONCLUSION: SMS messaging can help Brazilian women living with HIV/AIDS to adhere to antiretroviral therapy for a period of at least 4 months. In general, the results are encouraging because the SMS messages stimulated more participants in the intervention group to be adherent to their treatment, and the patients were satisfied with the messages received, which were seen as reminders, incentives and signs of affection by the health clinic for a marginalized population.

Computerized analysis of snoring in sleep apnea syndrome.

UNLABELLED: The International Classification of Sleep Disorders lists 90 disorders. Manifestations, such as snoring, are important signs in the diagnosis of the Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome; they are also socially undesirable. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this paper was to present and evaluate a computerized tool that automatically identifies snoring and highlights the importance of establishing the duration of each snoring event in OSA patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The low-sampling (200 Hz) electrical signal that indicates snoring was measured during polysomnography. The snoring sound of 31 patients was automatically classified by the software. The Kappa approach was applied to measure agreement between the automatic detection software and a trained observer. Student's T test was applied to evaluate differences in the duration of snoring episodes among simple snorers and OSA snorers. RESULTS: Of a total 43,976 snoring episodes, the software sensitivity was 99. 26%, the specificity was 97. 35%, and Kappa was 0. 96. We found a statistically significant difference (p <0. 0001) in the duration of snoring episodes (simple snoring x OSA snorers). CONCLUSIONS: This computer software makes it easier to generate quantitative reports of snoring, thereby reducing manual labor.

Health Information System (HIS) security standards and guidelines history and content analysis / Estudo cronológico e de conteúdo de normas de segurança da informação para Sistemas de Informação em Saúde (SIS) / Estudio cronológico y del contenido de normas de seguridad de información para los Sistemas de Información Sanitaria (SIS)

Objective: This article provides for identification and content study of main standards and guidelines used to support Health Information System (HIS) development. Method: Standards deemed used as reference by SIS developers were list. The different cited standardization organizations' production was assess for history and content analysis. Cited documents were acquire and its contents automatically extracted for study. We manually listed all references to outer content declared within assessed documents. Then, we apply different text analysis methods to decompose, link and correlate the content to disclose inner relationships. Results: Document similarity analysis on standards resulted between 5% to 89%. A total of 440 outer-connections were found. The most influential documents according to Betweeness-Centrality and average-path from these connections were casted. The density found on this graph is 0,6%. Conclusion: This study provided for a better understanding of existing HIS standards.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar os principais documentos utilizados como referência para construção de Sistemas de Informação em Saúde (SIS) e estudar seu conteúdo. Método: Identificamos referências utilizadas por desenvolvedores de SIS. Listamos e identificamos cronologicamente a produção das entidades normativas citadas. Adquirimos os documentos citados e em seguida extraímos automaticamente seu conteúdo para estudo. De forma manual, listamos todas as referências internas desses documentos a outras normas. Aplicamos então diferentes métodos de análise de texto para resumir, decompor e correlacionar o teor do conjunto. Resultados: As análises identificaram similaridades entre os documentos, variando de 5% à 89%. Por meio da análise de referências externas, localizamos 440 ligações. As normas mais influenciadoras no conjunto foram elencadas segundo índice Betweeness-Centrality. A densidade dessas ligações entre os documentos é de 0,6%. Conclusão: Por meio de estudo histórico e de conteúdo, promovemos um melhor entendimento de normas existentes.

Objetivo: Este artículo describe el estudio de identificación y contenido de las principales normas y directrices utilizadas para apoyar a lo desarrollo de Sistemas de Información de Salud (SIS). Método: Identificamos las normas utilizadas como referencia por desarrolladores de SIS. Enumerados y identificamos por orden cronológico la producción de los organismos reguladores mencionados. Adquirimos los documentos citados y extraemos automáticamente su contenido para estudiar. Manualmente, listamos todas las referencias internas de estos documentos mencionando otras publicaciones. Em seguida, aplicamos diferentes métodos de análisis de texto para resumir, descomponer y correlacionar todo el contenido. Resultes: Análisis de similitud documento de estándares resultó entre 5 % a 89 %. Se encontró un total de 440 conexiones externas a ellos. Se descubrió los documentos más influyentes según métrica Betweenes-Centrality. La densidad medida en esta red es del 0,6%. Conclusión: Através del estudio histórico y de contenido de normas existentes, logramos a promover su mejor comprensión.

Artificial intelligence techniques applied to the development of a decision-support system for diagnosing celiac disease.

BACKGROUND: Celiac disease (CD) is a difficult-to-diagnose condition because of its multiple clinical presentations and symptoms shared with other diseases. Gold-standard diagnostic confirmation of suspected CD is achieved by biopsying the small intestine. OBJECTIVE: To develop a clinical decision-support system (CDSS) integrated with an automated classifier to recognize CD cases, by selecting from experimental models developed using intelligence artificial techniques. METHODS: A web-based system was designed for constructing a retrospective database that included 178 clinical cases for training. Tests were run on 270 automated classifiers available in Weka 3.6.1 using five artificial intelligence techniques, namely decision trees, Bayesian inference, k-nearest neighbor algorithm, support vector machines and artificial neural networks. The parameters evaluated were accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and area under the ROC curve (AUC). AUC was used as a criterion for selecting the CDSS algorithm. A testing database was constructed including 38 clinical CD cases for CDSS evaluation. The diagnoses suggested by CDSS were compared with those made by physicians during patient consultations. RESULTS: The most accurate method during the training phase was the averaged one-dependence estimator (AODE) algorithm (a Bayesian classifier), which showed accuracy 80.0%, sensitivity 0.78, specificity 0.80 and AUC 0.84. This classifier was integrated into the web-based decision-support system. The gold-standard validation of CDSS achieved accuracy of 84.2% and k=0.68 (p<0.0001) with good agreement. The same accuracy was achieved in the comparison between the physician's diagnostic impression and the gold standard k=0. 64 (p<0.0001). There was moderate agreement between the physician's diagnostic impression and CDSS k=0.46 (p=0.0008). CONCLUSIONS: The study results suggest that CDSS could be used to help in diagnosing CD, since the algorithm tested achieved excellent accuracy in differentiating possible positive from negative CD diagnoses. This study may contribute towards developing of a computer-assisted environment to support CD diagnosis.

[International outcomes from attempts to implement a clinical decision support system in gastroenterology]. / Experiências internacionais da aplicação de sistemas de apoio à decisão clínica em gastroenterologia.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed at describing the recent experience acquired with the implementation and use of clinical decision support system in gastroenterology in order to determine the level of development, tests used and advantages that such a system can offer to the medical practice. METHODS: A search in the PubMed, LILACS and ISI Web of Knowledge databases for studies in decision-making support systems in gastroenterology including original papers produced from 2005 to 2010 was performed. A total of 104 scientific papers were retrieved initially. These were analyzed using inclusion and exclusion criteria, thus yielding nine studies for further analysis. RESULTS: The clinical decision support system analyzed in the present study showed a great variety of clinical problems regarding the investigation of a disease and the determination of a diagnosis. Eighty-nine per cent of the studies showed experimental models for clinical decision support system development. Seventy-eight per cent of the studies described the outcomes obtained with artificial intelligence technique. Two studies compared the clinical decision support system performance with that of a doctor, and only one research work described a controlled study evidencing improvements in the medical practice. CONCLUSION: The studies analyzed showed evidence of potential benefits that clinical decision support system can bring to the clinical practice. However, further controlled studies performed in medical day-to-day conditions and environment should be performed in order to provide more clear evidence of the usefulness of clinical decision support system in the medical practice.

Análise da Colaboração nos Grupos de Interesse Especial da Rede Universitária de Telemedicina (RUTE) / Collaboration Analysis on Special Interest Groups of the Brazilian Telemedicine University Network (RUTE) / Análisis de Colaboración en Grupos de Interés Especial de Red Universitaria de Telemedicina (RUTE), Brasil

Objetivo: No Brasil a Rede Universitária de Telemedicina (RUTE) é uma iniciativa que visa promover a integração em telemedicina e telessaúde de hospitais universitários, hospitais certificados de ensino, faculdades de medicina e demais cursos da área da saúde, através de infraestrutura de tecnologia da informação e comunicação e dos grupos de interesse especial (SIGs). Este artigo apresenta resultados da análise da colaboração e do crescimento existente nos SIGs RUTE. Métodos: O estudo se baseia em estatística descritiva de dados previamente coletados pela coordenação nacional RUTE relativos aos anos 2008-2013. Resultados: Resultados indicam uma colaboração e um crescimento de SIGs ativos, passando de 8 em 2008 para 55 em 2013, e de inscrições de unidades e instituições RUTE, passando de 96 para 1269 respectivamente. Foi possível notar que este salto quantitativo foi elevado nos dois anos iniciais do estudo, enquanto que, a partir do terceiro ano o crescimento continuou, porém sem fortes aumentos. Conclusão: O crescimento da colaboração verificado neste estudo foi significativo, apontando uma evolução positiva para os SIGs RUTE quanto ao interesse, participação e divulgação de ações em telessaúde no país.

Objective: In Brazil the Telemedicine University Network (Rede Universitária de Telemedicina RUTE) is an initiative to promote telemedicine integration of teaching hospital and health faculties through information and communication technology infrastructure and specials interest groups (SIGs) support. This paper presents results of the analysis of growth and collaboration in this SIGs RUTE. Methods: The study is based on descriptive statistics previously collected data for the national coordination RUTE for years 2008-2013. Results: Results indicate a quantitative improvement and a SIGs growth, from 8 in 2008 to 55 in 2013, and registered collaborating institutions, from 96 to 1269 respectively. We observed that this quantum leap was high in the first two years of the study, whereas, from the third year growth continued, but without strong increases. Conclusion: Therefore, the growth of collaboration found in this study was significant, indicating a positive trend for SIGs RUTE regarding interest, participation and reporting actions in telehealth in the country.

Objetivo: En Brasil, la Red Universitaria de Telemedicina (RUTE) es una iniciativa que tiene como objetivo promover la integración de la telemedicina y la telesalud entre hospitales universitarios, de enseñanza, facultades de medicina y otros cursos en el área de la salud a través de la infraestructura de tecnologia de la información y comunicación y los grupos de interes especial (SIGs). Este artículo presenta resultados del análisis del crecimiento y colaboración existente en SIGs RUTE. Métodos: El estudio se basa en la estadística descriptiva de datos recogidos previamente para la coordinación RUTE entre los años 2008-2013. Resultados: Los resultados indican un crescimento de los SIGs, de 8 en 2008 a 55 en 2013, y de registro de instituciones participantes, de 96 a 1.269, respectivamente. Observamos que este salto cuantitativo fue alto en los primeros dos años, mientras que, a partir del tercer año continuó el crecimiento, pero sin aumentos fuertes. Conclusión: Por lo tanto, el crecimiento de la colaboración encontrada en este estudio fue significativa, lo que indica una tendencia positiva para SIGs de RUTE en interés, participación y presentación de informes en las acciones de telesalud en el país.

Extração de terminologia de diagnósticos em laudos de biópsia renal / Terminology extraction of diagnostics in renal biopsy reports / Extracción de terminología de diagnósticos en informes de biopsia renal

Objetivo: Investigar o uso de técnicas para extração de conhecimento de diagnósticos provenientes de laudos de biópsia renal. Métodos: Foram aplicadas técnicas de extração de conhecimento em um conjunto de laudos de biópsia renal do Serviço de Patologia do Hospital do Rim e Hipertensão, São Paulo. Resultados: Foram extraídos 694 diagnósticos completos diferentes do conjunto de 3.018 laudos. Foi obtida uma árvore de três níveis diagnósticos e uma nuvem de palavras com os termos extraídos dos diagnósticos. A extração de terminologia resultou em 206 termos candidatos únicos que ocorreram 20.599 vezes no corpus avaliado. Conclusão: O resultado da extração de terminologia apresentou-se como satisfatório para criar uma taxonomia sobre biópsia renal. A árvore com ligação entre diagnósticos pode auxiliar novos profissionais em treinamento na área de patologia para confecção dos laudos.

Objective: To present techniques for extracting knowledge of diagnosis from renal biopsy reports. Methods: Knowledge extraction techniques were applied in a set of reports of the Pathology service of the Kidney and Hypertension Hospital. Results: From 3,018 reports 694 different complete diagnoses were extracted. A tree with three diagnostic levels and a word cloud with terms extracted from diagnoses were obtained. The terminology extraction resulted in 206 unique candidate terms that occurred 20,599 times in the evaluated corpus. Conclusion: The results of terminology extraction is suitable to create a taxonomy about renal biopsy. Trees with link between diagnoses can help new professionals in the area of pathology for writing the reports.

Objetivo: Investigar el uso de técnicas de extracción de conocimiento a partir de los informes de diagnóstico de la biopsia renal. Métodos: técnicas de extracción de conocimientos se aplicaron a un conjunto de informes de biopsia renal del Servicio de Patología del Hospital do Rim e Hipertensão, Sao Paulo. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 694 diagnósticos completos diferentes de un conjunto de 3.018 informes. Se obtuvo un árbol de tres niveles de diagnóstico y una nube de palabras con los términos extraídos de diagnóstico. La extracción de terminología resultó en 206 términos candidatos únicos que se produjeron 20.599 veces el corpus nominal. Conclusión: El resultado de la extracción de terminología se presentó como satisfactoria para crear una taxonomía acerca de biopsia renal. El árbol con la conexión entre el diagnóstico puede ayudar a los profesionales jóvenes en formación en el área de la patología para la preparación de informes.

Inquérito sobre nível de conhecimento e participação em Normas Brasileiras de Informática em Saúde / Survey about knowledge level and participation in Brazilian Health Standards / Encuesta de nivel de conocimiento y la participación en las Normas Brasileñas de Informática de la Salud

A padronização por meio de normas técnicas ABNT/CEE-78 representa uma forma de incrementar a adoção de tecnologias da informação e comunicação na área da saúde. Entretanto, parte dos profissionais e estudantes de áreas relacionadas à informática em saúde ainda desconhecem esse tema. Objetivo: identificar o nível de conhecimento das normas técnicas ABNT/CEE-78 por profissionais e estudantes de Informática em saúde. Método: foi elaborado um inquérito seguindo as etapas de pesquisa bibliográfica e construção de um questionário online. Resultados: 110 participantes responderam ao questionário, sendo 64% com idade entre 20 e 40 anos e 47% da área de exatas. Apesar de 77% apontarem conhecer a ABNT, somente 2% participam das atividades da ABNT/CEE-78, mas 58% demonstraram interesse em participar e promovê-las. Conclusão: Foi possível identificar que embora a grande maioria dos participantes conheça a ABNT, poucos possuem conhecimento sobre normas da área da Informática em Saúde.

The standardization of technical standards by ABNT/CEE-78 is a way to increase the adoption of information and communication technologies in health area. However, the professionals and students related to health informatics areas are still unaware of this issue. Objective: Identify the level of knowledge of technical standards ABNT / CEE-78 for professionals and students in health informatics. Method:  a survey was prepared following the steps of bibliographic research and building an online questionnaire. Results: 110 participants completed the survey, with 64% between 20 and 40 years old and 47% in the exact sciences area. Although 77% know about ABNT, only 2% participate in ABNT/CEE-78 activities, but 58% expressed interest in participating and promoting them. Conclusion: It was possible to identify that despite a mojority of participants knows about ABNT, only few have knoldgement about health informatics standards.

La estandarización de las normas técnicas a través de la ABNT / CEE-78 es una forma de aumentar la adopción de tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación en la asistencia sanitaria. Sin embargo, los profesionales y estudiantes de las áreas de informática relacionados con la salud todavía no son conscientes de este problema. Objetivo: Identificar el nivel de conocimiento de las normas técnicas ABNT / CEE-78 para profesionales y estudiantes de informática de la salud. Método: una encuesta se desarrolló siguiendo los pasos de la investigación bibliográfica y la construcción de un cuestionario en línea. Resultados: 110 participantes completaron el cuestionario, 64% tenían edad entre 20 y 40 años y 47% son de las ciencias exactas. A pesar de que 77% indicaron conocer la ABNT, sólo 2% participa en actividades de ABNT / CEE-78, pero 58% expresó su interés en participacion y promoción de las mismas. Conclusión: El estudio identificó que aunque la gran mayoría de los participantes sabe ABNT, pocos tienen conocimiento de las normas en el campo de la Informática de la Salud.

Tecnologia da informação e comunicação na auditoria em enfermagem / Information and communication technology in nursing audi / Tecnologías de la información y comunicación en auditoría de enfermería

Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura com o objetivo de identificar a produção científica nacional em auditoria em enfermagem com o uso das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC). O levantamento bibliográfico abrangeu as publicações nacionais com a seguintes palavras chaves: informática em enfermagem, auditoria de enfermagem, auditoria em enfermagem e Prontuário Eletrônico do Paciente (PEP). Foram identificados 7 artigos que descreveram o uso das TIC na prática da Auditoria em Enfermagem em sistema informatizado para auxiliar em processos de preenchimento de impressos contidos no prontuário, como recurso para realizar a pré-análise de contas hospitalares por prestadores de saúde, sistema de auditoria de qualidade dos prontuários de internação e o uso do PEP na prática da Auditoria em Enfermagem. Os achados permitiram inferir que embora enfermeiros auditores façam uso de alguns recursos de TIC na prática, não tornam isso público visto a escassa quantidade de publicações disponíveis...

The article presents an integrative literature review with the aim of identifying the national scientific production in nursing audit with the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). The initial literature review covered national publications with the following keywords: nursing informatics, audit nursing audit nursing and Electronic Patient Record. It was selected seven articles that described the use of ICT in the practice of auditing in nursing computerized system to assist in the process of filling out forms. It was also found the use of ICT to perform the pre-analysis of hospital bills for health care providers, system audit quality of the records of hospitalization and use of EHR in the practice of Nursing Audit. The findings allowed to infer that although nurses perform audit tasks using ICT resources, there is no study or research evaluation considering the scarce amount of available publications...

Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura con el objetivo de identificar la producción científica nacional en la auditoría de enfermería con el uso de Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC). La revisión inicial de la literatura cubierto publicaciones nacionales con las siguientes palabras: informática de enfermería, auditoría de enfermería y Registro Electrónico del Paciente. Se identificaron 7 artículos que describen el uso de las TIC en la práctica de la auditoría en el sistema informatizado de enfermería para ayudar en el proceso de completar los formularios. También se ha utilizado para las facturas del hospital para los proveedores de atención médica, auditoría de calidad de los registros médicos de sistema de hospitales y el uso en la práctica de Auditoría de la enfermería. Los resultados permitieron inferir que las enfermeras de auditoría utilizam las TIC en la práctica sin embargo no conducen estudios científicos debido la escasez de la cantidad de publicaciones disponibles...

The impact of short message service text messages sent as appointment reminders to patients' cell phones at outpatient clinics in São Paulo, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: Nonattendance for appointments remains a challenge to health care managers and providers. The objective of this article is to present the results of a study on the impact of appointment reminders sent as short message service text messages to patients' cell phones on nonattendance rates at outpatient clinics in São Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN: Data were collected on scheduled appointments in four medical clinics using Clinic Manager or Clinic Web systems that can send automated messages to patients. Data on appointment attendance were collected from these systems. MEASUREMENTS: More than 29,000 appointments were scheduled between July 1, 2007, and May 31, 2008, and for 7890 of them a text message reminder was sent to the patient's cell phone. The rates of nonattendance were compared between those who were sent and those who were not sent a text message as an appointment reminder. RESULTS: The nonattendance reduction rates for appointments at the four outpatient clinics studied were 0.82% (p= .590), 3.55% (p= .009), 5.75% (p= .022), and 14.49% (p= < .001). CONCLUSION: The study results indicate that sending appointment reminders as text messages to patients' cell phones is an effective strategy to reduce nonattendance rates. When patients attend their appointments, the facility providing care and the patients receiving uninterrupted care benefit.