[Analysis of independent components for event-related potentials from patients with an established diagnosis of schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive and depressive disorders].

We investigated the possibility to classify data from patients with different psychiatric disorders on the base of physiological measures of the brain activity. Event-related potentials during the execution of GO/NOGO task were recorded from age matched groups of patients with schizophrenia, major depression and obsessive-compulsive disorder. Separation of independent components for event-related potentials was performed by applying Independent Component Analysis method. Picked out components were used in the method of discriminant analysis to classify the data according to clinical diagnosis. Discriminant analysis of components for event-related potentials allows classifying the data of patients with a suitable amount of matches with an established diagnosis.

[Functional biomarkers in the diagnostics of mental disorders: cognitive event-related potentials].

The article is devoted to recent researches in the field of fundamental knowledge about the mechanisms of information processing in human brain for the diagnosis of mental disorders performed in the laboratory of neurobiology for action programming of the Bechtereva Institute of Human Brain, RAS. These researches were connected with analysis of functional components for cognitive ERPs obtained in diverse behavioral conditions. The main goal of this fundamental approach is the decomposition of multi-channel ERPs into functionally different components. These components are generated in various cortical areas have different temporal dynamics and reflect a variety of mental operations. The main methodology we used is the independent component analysis, applied to a large set of ERPs (from hundreds of people) obtained by varying of functional conditions in one psychological test. In particular, components related to psychological processes such as the comparison of sensory signals with the trace in working memory, inhibition of current activity, monitoring of the conflict were identified in the GO/NOGO test. In the framework of European project normative database was constructed for the components described above and this allowed comparing the data obtained from large groups of patients (including patients with attention deficit disorder, schizophrenia, obsessive disorders, depression, autism, dyslexia, brain trauma and dementia) with the healthy subjects. This article presents data from patients with a diagnosis of attention deficit disorder and schizophrenia.

[Pathology of the anterior cingulate cortex in obsessive compulsive disorder].

In the present article the features of the functional activity of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), a key element of neuroanatomical brain system of an error detection, in drug-resistant forms of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are discussed on a basis of both original and literature data. Available data indicate the presence of functional deficit in the ACC during OCD. This allows to suggest that functions of the ACC in OCD patient are partially redistributed between other brain areas. Thus in contrast to the previously accepted notion, the ACC as the target ofstereotactic surgery for OCD is pathologically altered brain region. Probably this is the reason why stereotactic destruction of ACC does not lead to significant changes in the patient's psyche. The essence of the pathological reorganisation of the functional activity of the brain in OCD remains unclear and requires further investigation.

[Experience with the clinical study of the dynamics of severe forms of epilepsy in patients treated by the stereotaxic method]. / Opyt klinicheskogo izucheniia dinamiki tiazhelykh form épilepsii u bol'nykh, lechennykh stereotaksicheskim metodom.

Clinical course of severe long-lasting (8 to 31 years) forms of epilepsy were observed in 12 patients. Stereotaxic techniques applied, all the patients exhibited improvement in their clinical state. Seizures were abolished in 2 patients, epileptic psychosis in some others. Reduced were the personality changes characteristic of epilepsy. A large-scale clinical introduction of the technique (when indicated) is suggested as well as its earlier use after onset of the disease.

[The brain mechanism of error detection: the P.E.T. study].

In present research, the brain maintenance of the error detection mechanism was studied in resting condition and while subjects consciously implemented incorrect actions (i.e. deception). Assessment of the regional cerebral blood flow revealed involvement of anterior cingulated cortex in deception. The obtained data indicate that it is impossible to consciously control the activity of the error detection mechanism. PET study of patients with obsessive compulsive disorder in resting condition revealed a decrease of brain glucose metabolism in the anterior cingulated cortex in comparison with healthy subjects. These data pointed to malfunctioning of the error detection mechanism. The findings support the formerly proposed hypothesis about the impact of the error detection mechanism in formation and support of obsessive compulsive disorder.

[Clinico-biochemical study in epilepsy]. / Kliniko-biokhimicheskoe issledovanie pri épilepsii.

Diagnostic opportunities of the test of paroxysmal activity (TPA) were examined in 253 epileptic patients of different age and duration of disease. It was established that the changes of autoantibodies (aAB) titers in the control group were about 64-110% (mean value 85%). Meanwhile in epileptic patients there was elevation of the same indices 2.1 times (182%). The correlation was observed between the levels of aAB titers and duration of the disease, frequency and character of paroxysmal disorders. The conclusion was made that TPA may be used quite successfully in diagnosis of epilepsy, especially in difficult cases. The level of accumulation of aABs in blood of patients with the fits may be used as new immunological index which may facilitate essentially objective of diagnosis of epilepsy.

[Neuroimmunopathological mechanisms of preclinical epileptogenesis and their correction by cycloferon]. / Neiroimmunopatologicheskie mekhanizmy doklinicheskogo épileptogeneza i ikh korrektsiia tsikloferonom.

The peculiarities of immunologic processes and immunocorrecting potential of Cyclopheron were studied in 62 patients with preclinical epileptogenesis. Using clinical, EEG and biochemical examination, expression of epileptogenesis was estimated as regressed, compensated, increasing, decompensated. Preclinical stage of epilepsy was accompanied by disturbance of immunological brain reactivity the expression of which was correlated with a level of compensative epileptogenesis manifestation. The decrease of the latter is followed by intensive disintegration of neuroimmune interactions characterized by immunodeficiency of mixed type with significant presentation of neuroimmune disturbances. Therefore, a use of Cyclopheron, as a medication with multilevel immuno-correcting action, is expedient at initial stage of epilepsy.

[Determination of antibodies to opiate receptors by latex agglutination and immunoenzyme analysis]. / Opredelenie antitel k opiatnym retseptoram metodami latex-aggliutinatsii i immunofermentnogo analiza.

Adsorption ability of few kinds of latex covered by synthetic peptide fragments of mu- and delta-opiate receptors (OR) is investigated. The levels of autoantibodies to opiate receptors fragments in the blood serum of patients with drug abuse are detected by latex agglutination and ELISA. The patients with drug abuse demonstrated positive latex agglutination reaction for level specific antibodies from 10.4 mg/ml and higher in the 71.4% of cases. The levels of autoantibodies to OR in the blood of patients with drug abuse was in 2.8 times higher of control data. The correlation between levels of autoantibodies to opiate receptors obtained by methods of latex agglutination and ELISA is revealed. The obtained data confirms our hypothesis concerning existence of specific changes in immune system linked with some CNS disorders like drug abuse. Thus, the level of autoantibodies to opiate receptors could be used as new criterion for diagnostics of opiate abuse.