Structural Transition in (C2H5NH3)3Bi2-xSbxI9:[(Bi/Sb)2I9]3- Dimers to [(Bi/Sb)3I12]3- Trimers to (∞1)[(Bi/Sb)2I93-] 1D Infinite Chains.

Antimony/bismuth-based lead-free hybrid halide defect 2D perovskites have been generating enormous research interest due to their inherent excellent optical properties. Exploration of new phases and understanding of their structural and optoelectronic properties are of paramount importance in the process of developing materials for practical solar cell applications. In this article, we have reported a structural transition from the 0D hexagonal phase containing isolated [M2I9]3- (M = Bi/Sb) units to the 1D orthorhombic phase via a new monoclinic phase with novel isolated trimeric [M3I12]3- units in (C2H5NH3)3Bi2-2xSb2xI9. The hexagonal phase is stable up to 2x = 0.6 in (C2H5NH3)3Bi2-2xSb2xI9. With gradual substitution of Sb, the cation-cation repulsion increases, which destabilizes the [M2I9]3- unit, and hence, the hexagonal phase becomes unstable. At intermediate composition, 2x = 0.8-1.6, a new monoclinic phase (S.G.: C2/m) with the composition (C2H5NH3)2Bi2-2xSb2xI8 is formed, containing isolated [M3I12]3- units. The symmetry reduction resulted in larger distortion, which relaxes the strain and stabilizes the trimeric unit in the intermediate compositions. Finally, at higher Sb compositions (2x = 1.9-2.0), the compounds crystallize in the orthorhombic 1D phase. In all three phases of (C2H5NH3)3Bi2-2xSb2xI9, the cationic ethylammonium units are completely disordered over the whole unit cell. Raman study clearly shows the phase transition in (C2H5NH3)3Bi2-2xSb2xI9 and also the structural distortion in (C2H5NH3)2Bi2-2xSb2xI8. Optical property study shows that all the compounds are of indirect band gap type. Furthermore, PL study shows better emission properties of the 1D orthorhombic Sb compounds as compared to the 0D hexagonal and monoclinic phases.

Perception, practices, and understanding related to teenage pregnancy among the adolescent girls in India: a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Teenage pregnancy is a concerning public health problem in India. Misperception and misunderstanding about pregnancy and its preventive methods lead to pregnancy when adolescents are involved in unsafe sexual intercourse. This scoping review aims to discuss the evidence on the perception, practices, and understanding related to teenage pregnancy among adolescent girls in the Indian context. METHOD: The Arksey and O'Malley scoping review framework and Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers' Manual were used for the scoping review. The Population, Concept, and Context strategy (PCC) ensured the review questions, eligibility criteria, and search strategy. The Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) was used. A literature search was done using electronic databases by specific keywords such as "teenage", "adolescences", "pregnancy", "perception", "knowledge", "awareness", etc. Relevant grey literature was identified through further searching. The review included studies that fulfil inclusion criteria having female adolescent groups aged from 10 to 19 years in the Indian context between the years 2000 and 2021. RESULT: We found 40 eligible studies; more than half of these were from southern (35%) and northern (27.5%) regions, and studies from the rest of India were very sporadically distributed. Most studies (72.5%) were published in the last 10 years. The relevant extracted data from individual studies were synthesized and presented in the two major sections, perception, practices, and the second one, understanding and experiences among teenage girls. The understanding of pregnancy and teenage pregnancy-related preventive methods was detailed analysis in about 72% of papers whereas other aspects, such as perception (22.5%), practices (25%), and experiences (7.5%) were discussed in the remaining papers related to pregnancy among adolescent girls. CONCLUSION: Evidence in the selected studies shows that understanding and practices are the major areas that were primarily explored, where perception, practices and experiences are the topics that are relatively less investigated. Literature synthesis derives misconception, lack of understanding, and practices without knowing the consequences are the key factors responsible for early pregnancies. Future interventions like increasing awareness, providing comprehensive reproductive knowledge, convenient health care aids, and proper counselling are adequate measures for minimalising the problem. The present analysis showed that studies are limited in their scope concerning various aspects of teenage pregnancy in India, so this scoping review gives essential perspectives on future research and implementation plans and policies in this field.

Perception, practices and understanding of teenage pregnancy among the adolescent girls in India: A scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Teenage pregnancy is a subject of concern among adolescents. Inadequate knowledge and misperceptions about pregnancy are major contributing factors to teenage pregnancy. Without a proper understanding, adolescents are involved in unsafe sexual practices, which results in pregnancy. So, perception and understanding are important aspects to explore among adolescents. In this planned scope review, all eligible studies will be identified around the perception, practices, and understanding of teenage pregnancy among married and unmarried adolescent girls. Methods: The Arksey and O'Malley (2005) scoping review framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers' Manual (2015) will be used for the planned scoping review. The population, concept, and context strategy (PCC) will be used to develop the research question, search strategy, and eligibility criteria. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA ScR) will be used for the findings of the study. For the literature search, authors will use Google Scholar, PubMed, and ResearchGate electronic databases with specific words such as "teenage", "adolescence", "pregnancy", "perception", "knowledge", "awareness" and "abortion". Result: The planned scoping review will be helpful in addressing the lack of adolescent misperception, malpractices, and misunderstandings regarding teenage pregnancy. It can provide detailed information about teenage pregnancy in the Indian context. Conclusion: The evidence synthesis and gap analysis will be helpful in suggesting insights into the issue of teenage pregnancy, which will be helpful in future policies and programs.

Solvent-mediated crystallization of (TMS)2BiBr5·DMSO: a new 0D hybrid halide perovskite.

Lead-free hybrid halide perovskites have recently gained enormous research attention because of their excellent optical properties. Herein, we report a novel zero-dimensional (0D) hybrid halide perovskite, (TMS)2BiBr5·DMSO, stabilized by the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solvent. The structure contains isolated [BiBr5OS(CH3)2]2- anionic polyhedra and the cations [(CH3)3S]+ (trimethyl sulfonium ion, TMS) balance the charge, making it a 0D halide perovskite. Non-interaction of the trans Br atoms (with respect to the Bi-DMSO bond) with the cationic TMS resulted in shorter trans Bi-Br bonds as compared to other Bi-Br bonds in the isolated BiBr5·DMSO polyhedra. The optical properties study reveals that the compound is an indirect band gap type with a band gap of 2.79 eV. From the PL study it is observed that the compound shows emission in the blue region.

Knowledge, beliefs and practices towards HIV/AIDS among adolescents in India: A scoping review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a major health concern among Indian adolescents (10-19 years). Indian adolescents lack adequate knowledge about HIV/AIDS and adopt wrong practices. The present scoping review aims to understand the status of knowledge, beliefs and practices among Indian adolescents about HIV or HIV/AIDS. The present study will also focus on their understanding and the source of knowledge and awareness regarding HIV/AIDS. METHODOLOGY: The recommendations of Arksey and O'Malley in 2005, Levac et al. in 2010 and The Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers' manual in 2015 to conduct a systematic scoping review will be employed. The review questions, eligibility criteria and search strategy for this study will be ensured by the Population, Concept and Context (PCC) strategy. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) will be used for reporting of this scoping review. The methodological quality of all the relevant studies will be assessed by the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), Version- 2018. Literature search will be carried out by using electronic databases such as PubMed, APA PsycInfo, EMBASE, and Google Scholar. Cross-references will be used to extract additional studies. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: As the planned study is based on secondary data and doesn't involve human and animal subjects, there is no requirement for formal ethical approval. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: The planned scoping review is the first of such study on the topic of HIV/AIDS among adolescent population in India as per the electronically available literature.There will be quality assessment of all the included studies.A thorough search strategy will be conducted as per the recommendations of the experts in scoping review search.On limitation side, the planned study will only utilize electronically available resources/evidences that are written in English language.The planned evidence based study will be of much help for the healthcare professionals and policy makers.

Knowledge, practices and influencing factors defining unhealthy food behavior among adolescents in India: a scoping review.

Unhealthy food behaviors are the major contributing factors to the rising burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among adolescents in India. Knowledge and practices related to unhealthy eating are significant factors influencing adolescents' food behavior. In this scoping review, we aim to map evidence and identify gaps on knowledge, practices, and the influencing factors associated with unhealthy food behavior among Indian adolescents by examining the existing literature. Arksey and O'Malley's scoping review framework and the Joanna Briggs Institute Reviewers' manual were used for this review. After the screening, 33 articles were identified according to the inclusion criteria. Data extraction was performed according to the study objectives, followed by narrative summarization. The studies included a total of 20,566 adolescents. Most studies reported insufficient knowledge about healthy food choices among adolescents. Diet intake patterns among the adolescents showed a lower amount of fruits and vegetables and an increase in fried items, sugar-sweetened beverages, packaged food, and fast food in both sexes, with a broader association with peer influence (21.2%), parental unhealthy food behavior (15.1%), place of residence (6.06%), emotional status (6.06%), and mass media exposure (18.1%). The scoping review highlights the need for targeted interventions aimed at improving the knowledge and practices of Indian adolescents by promoting healthy food choices and sensitizing them about the risk of non-communicable diseases. The analysis of evidence around adolescent dietary behavior in India shows a monotonous, limited, and narrow range in scope, indicating the extended need for research.

The patterns, trends and major risk factors of suicide among Indian adolescents-A scoping review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Suicide is one of the serious health problems among Indian adolescents. Adolescence helps with the transition of an individual into an adult, so it is important to understand the suicidal behavior of adolescents. Several studies have been carried out in different states in India on the suicidal behavior of adolescents, but there is no review that studied the national patterns, trends, and major risk factors. Therefore, this review aims to study the patterns, trends, and major risk factors of suicidal behavior among Indian adolescents. METHODS: The study will be conducted as per the Arksey and O'Malley scoping review framework and the Joanna Briggs institute Reviewers' manual. The Population, Concept and Context strategy (PCC) will ensure the review questions, eligibility criteria and search strategy. The Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) will be used for the findings of the study of Scoping Review. The literature search will be done using electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, EMBASE, Psycinfo, Web of Science, Google, and Cochrane library by specific keywords such as "patterns"; "suicide"; "trends"; "risk factors"; "depression"; "anxiety"; "mental health"; "adolescent"; "teenager"; and "youth";" India" etc. Additional studies will be considered using cross-references. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study does not involve the collection of primary data; there is no requirement of any ethical approval. STRENGTHS AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: The proposed scoping review is the first study on patterns, trends, and major risk factors of adolescent suicide in India as per the information available on the online platforms.This proposed scoping review will bring together all the previously available data into one place for better study.This evidence-based study will be highly helpful for healthcare professionals and policymakers. This study will be limited to English language and electronically available evidence.

The incidence, prevalence, and contributing factors of overweight and obesity among adolescent population of India: A scoping review protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Overweight and obesity among the adolescent population are emerging as worldwide epidemics. Its increasing occurrence in India is highly concerning. Amidst the burden of malnutrition, where undernutrition is a long-standing health problem, the rising concerns around childhood overweight/obesity has several repercussions for this population. The aim of this scoping review is to map the evidence of the prevalence and contributing factors of overweight and obesity among adolescents (10 to 19 years) in the Indian population. METHODS: The study will be conducted according to the Arksey and O'Malley scoping review framework and the Joanna Briggs institute Reviewers' manual. The Population, Concept and Context strategy (PCC) will ensure the review questions, eligibility criteria, and search strategy. The Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: Extension for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) will be used for the findings of the study of Scoping Review. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT), Version- 2018 will be used to assess the methodological quality of all relevant studies. Literature search will be done using electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Cochrane library by specific keywords such as "prevalence"; "overweight"; "obesity"; "obese"; "malnutrition"; "BMI"; "adolescent"; "teenager"; and "youth" etc. Additional studies will be considered using cross-references.