RESUMEN
Intrinsically poor conductivity and sluggish ion-transfer kinetics limit the further development of electrochemical storage of mesoporous manganese dioxide. In order to overcome the challenge, defect engineering is an effective way to improve electrochemical capability by regulating electronic configuration at the atomic level of manganese dioxide. Herein, we demonstrate effective construction of defects on mesoporous α-MnO2 through simply controlling the degree of redox reaction process, which could obtain a balance between Mn3+/Mn4+ ratio and oxygen vacancy concentration for efficient supercapacitors. The different structures of α-MnO2 including the morphology, specific surface area, and composition are successfully constructed by tuning the mole ratio of KMnO4 to Na2SO3. The electrode materials of α-MnO2-0.25 with an appropriate Mn3+/Mn4+ ratio and abundant oxygen vacancy showed an outstanding specific capacitance of 324 F g-1 at 0.5 A g-1, beyond most reported MnO2-based materials. The asymmetric supercapacitors formed from α-MnO2-0.25 and activated carbon can present an energy density as high as of 36.33 W h kg-1 at 200 W kg-1 and also exhibited good cycle stability over a wide voltage range from 0 to 2.0 voltage (kept at approximately 98% after 10 000 cycles in galvanostatic cycling tests) and nearly 100% Coulombic efficiency. Our strategy lays a foundation for fine regulation of defects to improve charge-transfer kinetics.
RESUMEN
Manganese oxides composed of various valence states Mnx+ (x = 2, 3, and 4) have attracted wide attention as promising electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitor. However, the poor electrical conductivity limited their performance and application. Appropriate regulation content of Mnx+ in mixed-valent manganese oxide can tune the electronic structure and further improve their conductivity and performance. Herein, we prepared manganese oxides with different Mn2+/Mn3+ ratios through an over-reduction (OR) strategy for tuning the internal electron structure of mixed-valent manganese, which could make these material oxides a good platform for researching the structure-property relationships. The Mn2+/Mn3+ ratio of manganese oxide could be precisely tuned from 0.6 to 1.7 by controlling the amount of reducing agent for manipulating the redox processes, where the manganese oxide electrode with the most appropriate Mn2+/Mn3+ ratio, as 1.65 (OR4) exhibits large capacitance (274 F g-1) and the assembling asymmetric supercapacitors by combining OR4 (positive) and the commercial activated carbon (as negative) achieved large 2.0 V voltage window and high energy density of 27.7 Wh kg-1 (power density of 500 W kg-1). The cycle lifespan of the OR4//AC could keep about 92.9% after 10â¯000-cycle tests owing to the Jahn-Teller distortion of the Mn(III)O6 octahedron, which is more competitive compared to other work. Moreover, a red-light-emitting diode (LED) can easily be lit for 15 min by two all-solid supercapacitor devices in a series.
RESUMEN
Hybrid supercapacitors are considered the next-generation energy storage equipment due to their superior performance. In hybrid supercapacitors, battery electrodes need to have large absolute capacities while displaying high cycling stability. However, enhancing areal capacity via decreasing the size of electrode materials results in reductions in cycling stability. To balance the capacity-stability trade-off, rationally designed proper electrode structures are in urgent need and still of great challenge. Here we report a high-capacity and high cycling stability electrode material by developing a nickel phosphate lamination structure with ultrathin nanosheets as building blocks. The nickel phosphate lamination electrode material exhibits a large specific capacity of 473.9 C g-1 (131.6 mAh g-1, 1053 F g-1) at 2.0 A g-1 and only about 21% capacity loss at 15 A g-1 (375 C g-1, 104.2 mAh g-1, 833.3 F g-1) in 6.0 M KOH. Furthermore, hybrid supercapacitors are constructed with nickel phosphate lamination and activated carbon (AC), possessing high energy density (42.1 Wh kg-1 at 160 W kg-1) as well as long cycle life (almost 100% capacity retention after 1000 cycles and 94% retention after 8000 cycles). The electrochemical performance of the nickel phosphate lamination structure not only is commensurate with the nanostructure or ultrathin materials carefully designed in supercapacitors but also has a longer cycling lifespan than them. The encouraging results show the great potential of this material for energy storage device applications.
RESUMEN
It is reported frequently that the new carbon phases may be harder than diamond (Wang et al 2004 Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. 101 13699 and Mao et al 2003 Science 302 425). However, the mechanism is still unclear. In this paper we systematically investigate the structural, electronic, and mechanical properties of the diamond polytypes using first-principles density functional calculations. The results show that the bulk modulus and shear modulus for the hexagonal form of diamond approach those of diamond, suggesting they might be hard and low compressibility materials. According to the semiempirical method for hardness based on the Mulliken overlap population, the hardnesses for hexagonal forms have been evaluated and compared to diamond. The results indicate that these phases are superhard. More importantly, the bonds in some specific directions of the hexagonal phases are harder than those in diamond, which may lead to the noticeable indentation marks on the diamond anvils observed in experiments.
RESUMEN
Typographical errors are present in the Table 2 of the paper stated above. The correct table is give below. All numerical results and conclusions of the paper remains unchanged.
RESUMEN
In this work, we comparatively explored the electronic structure and the low-dimensional magnetic interactions of double-perovskite compounds Sr2CuTeO6 and Sr2CuWO6 through first-principles calculations. The electronic structure calculations indicate that the Cu2+ (3d 9) site is the only magnetic active one, whereas Te6+ and W6+ remain in nonmagnetic states with d 10 and d 0 electronic configurations, respectively. The magnetic exchange interactions have been evaluated on the basis of the classical Heisenberg model. Both Sr2CuTeO6 and Sr2CuWO6 should be strong frustrated 2D magnetism, in excellent agreement with the experimental observations. Nevertheless, the nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic interaction J 1 plays a determined role in constructing the Néel antiferromagnetic ordering within the square Cu2+ framework of Sr2CuTeO6. While, the next-nearest-neighbor antiferromagnetic interaction J 2 transcends the nearest-neighbor interaction J 1, establishes the collinear antiferromagnetic ordering in Sr2CuWO6. The discrimination has been explored and analyzed in detail using density of states, charge density as well as spin density analysis.