RESUMEN
Nasal disorders and cardiovascular damage: flow-mediated dilation and intima-media thickness as risk parameters.
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Grosor Intima-Media Carotídeo , Enfermedades Nasales , Humanos , Dilatación , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
There is still controversy on the role of hyperinsulinemia and endogenous antisecretory factor (EAF) in Meniere's disease. In the literature, there is no mention on glucose uptake or specially processed cereals (SPC). Nevertheless, the role of EAF and its inhibition by SPC should be taken into account in future research. In case of patients not responding to medical treatment and dietary changes, intratympanic (IT) treatment has been suggested. In Italy, generalists consider IT steroids as the first-line treatment, while neurotologists suggest IT gentamicin. We agree with the authors that low-dose IT gentamicin has a high chance to treat vertigo with minimal risks for hearing; however, a recent randomized, double-blind, comparative trial has not proven the superiority of gentamicin to IT steroids suggesting the choice "should be made based on clinical knowledge and patient circumstances". IT steroids have the advantage to preserve both cochlear and vestibular function, while IT gentamicin has an ablative effect especially on the vestibular function.
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Enfermedad de Meniere , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Gentamicinas , Humanos , Italia , Enfermedad de Meniere/tratamiento farmacológico , Resultado del Tratamiento , Vértigo/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL) is a hearing impairment greater than 30 dB at three consecutive frequencies developing in less than 3 days. The aim of this study was to evaluate VEMPs and caloric testing in patients affected by ISSHL without vertigo. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 35 subjects affected by ISSHL. The audio-vestibular investigation consisted of pure-tone and speech audiometry, impedance, bithermal caloric testing, oVEMPs and cVEMPs. RESULTS: VEMPS were abnormal in 21 patients (60%): cVEMPs in 12 (34.2%) and oVEMPs in 19 (54.2%). 10 patients (28.5%) presented with both c-and oVEMPs altered. Subjects without vestibular involvement showed a significant lower PTA in the affected ear both at admission and at discharge. Recovery rate was significantly higher in group without vestibular involvement. CONCLUSION: The evaluation of the vestibular system can be useful for predicting the auditory recovery in patients without vertigo also.
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Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/fisiopatología , Pérdida Auditiva Súbita/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Vestibulares/fisiopatología , Potenciales Vestibulares Miogénicos Evocados , Adulto , Anciano , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Otológico , Femenino , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/diagnóstico , Pérdida Auditiva Súbita/diagnóstico , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Recuperación de la Función , Estudios Retrospectivos , Vértigo/diagnóstico , Vértigo/fisiopatología , Enfermedades Vestibulares/diagnóstico , Potenciales Vestibulares Miogénicos Evocados/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Snoring is a very common human habit, and for this reason it is considered more a social nuisance that a disease symptom. The nasal valve area has the minimal cross-sectional area of the upper airways. A problem at this level may easily induce impaired breathing and consequently snoring, therefore nasal dilation might significantly improve this complaint. Nas-Air® is a new internal nasal dilator which was tested on 41 outpatients who snore. Snoring duration, assessed by smartphone, visual analogue scale for the perception of sleep quality were measured before and during Nas-Air® use. A significant reduction of snoring time and an improvement of sleep quality were achieved during Nas-Air® wearing. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that Nas-Air® is an internal nasal dilator able to reduce snoring time and improve sleep quality.
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Equipos y Suministros , Cavidad Nasal/anatomía & histología , Ronquido/prevención & control , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , Sueño/fisiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the influence of cerebral venous drainage on the pathogenesis of idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSHL) and Ménière syndrome (MD). DESIGN: Observational, prospective, cohort study. SETTING: ENT and Cardiology Departments (University of Bari, Policlinico Hospital, Bari, Italy). PARTICIPANTS: We enrolled 59 consecutive patients (32 males, mean age 53.05 + 15.37 years): 40 ISSHL and 19 MD. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: All patients underwent physical examination, biochemical evaluation (glycemic and lipid profile, viral serology, C reactive protein, etc), audiometric (tonal, vocal, vestibular evoked myogenic potentials and auditory brainstem response test) and impedentiometric examination. The pure tone average (PTA) was calculated for the following frequencies: 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000, 8000. An echo-color Doppler evaluation of the venous cerebral veins, internal jugular (IJV) and vertebral veins (VV) at supine and 90° position was performed. RESULTS: No morphological alterations were found both in patients and controls. There were no signs of stenosis, blocked flow, membranes, etc. We found lower minimum, mean and maximum velocities in distal IJVs (P = .019; P = .013; P = .022; respectively) and left VVs (P = .027; P = .008; P = .001; respectively) in supine (0°) position in both MD and ISSHL patients as compared to controls. The same was for orthostatic position (90°). We found negative correlations between the velocities in extracranial veins and PTA values: therefore, the worst the audiometric performance of the subjects, the lower the velocities in the venous cerebral drainage. CONCLUSIONS: Idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss and Ménière syndrome patients showed altered venous flow in IJVs and VVs as compared to controls, independently from posture. This different behavior of venous tone control can influence the ear performance and may have a role in the pathogenesis of both diseases.
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Venas Cerebrales/fisiopatología , Circulación Cerebrovascular/fisiología , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/etiología , Pérdida Auditiva Súbita/etiología , Enfermedad de Meniere/complicaciones , Audiometría de Tonos Puros , Venas Cerebrales/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/epidemiología , Pérdida Auditiva Sensorineural/fisiopatología , Pérdida Auditiva Súbita/epidemiología , Pérdida Auditiva Súbita/fisiopatología , Humanos , Incidencia , Italia/epidemiología , Masculino , Enfermedad de Meniere/epidemiología , Enfermedad de Meniere/fisiopatología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pronóstico , Estudios Prospectivos , Ultrasonografía Doppler Transcraneal/métodosRESUMEN
Inflammatory non-allergic rhinitis (INAR) is characterized by the presence of an inflammatory infiltrate and a non-IgE-mediated pathogenesis. This retrospective, controlled, multicentre study investigated whether a symbiotic, containing Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, Bifidobacterium lactis, and fructo-oligosaccharides (Pollagen®, Allergy Therapeutics, Italy), prescribed as adjunctive therapy to a standard pharmacological treatment, was able to reduce symptom severity, endoscopic features, and nasal cytology in 93 patients (49 males and 44 females, mean age 36.3±7.1 years) with INAR. The patients were treated with nasal corticosteroid, oral antihistamine, and isotonic saline. At randomization, 52 patients were treated also with symbiotic as adjunctive therapy, whereas the remaining 41 patients served as controls. Treatment lasted for 4 weeks. Patients were visited at baseline, after treatment, and after 4-week follow-up. Adjunctive symbiotic treatment significantly reduced the percentages of patients with symptoms and endoscopic signs, and diminished inflammatory cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that a symbiotic was able, as adjuvant treatment, to significantly improve symptoms, endoscopic feature, and cytology in patients with INAR, and its effect may be long lasting.
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Adyuvantes Inmunológicos/administración & dosificación , Adyuvantes Farmacéuticos/administración & dosificación , Bifidobacterium animalis/inmunología , Lactobacillus acidophilus/inmunología , Probióticos/administración & dosificación , Rinitis/terapia , Administración Intranasal , Administración Oral , Corticoesteroides/uso terapéutico , Adulto , Terapia Combinada/métodos , Ciproheptadina/análogos & derivados , Ciproheptadina/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Antagonistas de los Receptores Histamínicos/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Masculino , Furoato de Mometasona/uso terapéutico , Prebióticos/administración & dosificación , Estudios Retrospectivos , Rinitis/inmunología , Rinitis/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
SUMMARY: Background. Chromium, Cobalt and Nickel are responsible for contact dermatitis, that is largely prevalent in the general population. They can act also as irritants in the upper and lower respiratory airways. Also rhinitis (allergic and nonallergic) is a high prevalence disorder. Both diseases could share some common inflammatory mechanisms, but the clinical association between skin sensitization to metals and rhinitis was never studied. Objective. We assessed the presence of skin sensitization to metals in subjects with rhinitis. Methods. Patients suffering from rhinitis underwent a standard diagnostic procedure, including skin testing, nasal endoscopy and nasal cytology. Control healthy subjects were also included. None of the patients had skin diseases. All subjects underwent patch test with Chromium, Cobalt and Nickel. Results. None of the 26 controls had positive skin prick test or nasal cytology. The 82 rhinitis patients were subdivided into allergic (group A = 27), nonallergic (group B = 31) and overlapping (group C = 24). The prevalence of positive patch test to metals was 26% in group A, 45% in group B, 42% in group C and 31% in controls. The percentage of patch-positive subjects was significantly different between Group A and B (p = 0.0045; OR: 0.43), Group A and C (p = 0.0186; OR: 0.49), and Group B and controls (p = 0.0360; OR: 1.85). There was a significant difference between groups A + controls and B + C. Conclusion. Even in the absence of skin diseases, the prevalence of sensitization to metals (patch test) is greater in nonallergic and overlapping rhinitis, as compared to allergic rhinitis and controls.
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Dermatitis por Contacto/inmunología , Metales/efectos adversos , Rinitis Alérgica/inmunología , Rinitis/inmunología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas CutáneasRESUMEN
Nasal cytology is a simple and safe diagnostic procedure that allows to assess the normal and pathological aspects of the nasal mucosa, by identifying and counting the cell types and their morphology. It can be easily performed by a nasal scraping followed by May-Grunwald-Giemsa staining and optical microscopy reading. This procedure allows to identify the normal cells (ciliated and mucinous), the inflammatory cells (lymphocytes, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells), bacteria, or fungal hyphae/spores. Apart from the normal cell population, some specific cytological patterns can be of help in discriminating among various diseases. Viral infections, allergic rhinitis, vasomotor rhinitis and overlapping forms can be easily identified. According to the predominant cell type, various entities can be defined (named as NARES, NARESMA, NARMA). This implies a more detailed knowledge and assessment of the disease that can integrate the standard diagnostic procedures. Nasal cytology also represents a useful research tool for diagnosis and therapy.
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Citodiagnóstico , Mucosa Nasal/patología , Enfermedades Nasales/diagnóstico , Citodiagnóstico/métodos , Citodiagnóstico/tendencias , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Enfermedades Nasales/etiologíaRESUMEN
Allergic rhinitis (AR) and upper airway respiratory infections are frequent in children, and both have a relevant impact on some social aspects, including school attendance and performance, sleep, quality of life (also of the parents), and costs. Saline nasal irrigation is widely employed to reduce nasal congestion and mucopurulent secretion, to stimulate cleansing of the nasal and paranasal cavities, and to induce restoration of mucociliary clearance. The present study evaluated the effects of nasal irrigation on nasal cytology, using the new device Nasir® in 66 children (40 males, 26 females, mean age 7.31±1.7 years, age range 4-17 years) with allergic rhinitis. The patients were treated with nasal irrigation with warm (36°C) Nasir® (250 mL sacs of premixed solution): one sac twice daily for 12 days. Nasal irrigation significantly reduced the neutrophilic infiltrate (baseline median value 2.8±0.7; post treatment value 2±0.5; p less than 0.05). In addition, there was a reduction of eosinophil infiltrate (T0= 3.2±1.1; T1= 2.6±1.2; p= less than 0.05). There was no significant change with regard to bacteria (T0= 2.7±0.9; T1= 2.3±1.02; p= 0.17). In conclusion, this pilot study reports that nasal irrigation with Nasir® might be useful to attenuate upper airway inflammation.
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Lavado Nasal (Proceso)/instrumentación , Rinitis Alérgica/terapia , Cloruro de Sodio/uso terapéutico , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Soluciones Isotónicas/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Proyectos PilotoRESUMEN
Nitric oxide (NO) is a molecule that performs many functions in the human body. The entire respiratory tract can produce NO, but the highest production occurs in the upper respiratory tract, in the paranasal sinuses in particular. The aim of the present study was to assess a new nasal NO (nNO) measurement method using the Niox MINO Nasal® device (Aerocrine AB, Solna, Sweden) and a special procedure, in order to compare the nNO values obtained in 32 healthy subjects with the values found in the international literature. The measured normal nNO values were equal to 426.76±143.27 ppb, with a 95% confidence interval [160.22-733.30]. Males had an average nNO value equal to 446.76±133.63 [178.64 714.02], whereas in females the average value was 403.80±154.90 [94.00-713.60]. This study allows us to confirm that we have been able to establish the normal range of nitric oxide quantity produced in the nasal/sinus cavities of healthy individuals using the Niox MINO Nasal® device and tidal-breathing with velum-closure manoeuvre.
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Pruebas Respiratorias/métodos , Óxido Nítrico/análisis , Paladar Blando/fisiología , Adulto , Pruebas Respiratorias/instrumentación , Técnicas Electroquímicas/instrumentación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Respiración por la Boca , Cavidad Nasal , Estándares de Referencia , Valores de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is caused by an IgE-mediated inflammatory reaction. Non-allergic rhinitis (NAR) is characterized by a non-IgE-mediated pathogenesis. Frequently, patients have the two disorders associated: such as mixed rhinitis (MR). Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a fundamental component of the human connective tissue. HA may exert anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating activities. Recently, an intranasal HA formulation was proposed: a supramolecular system containing lysine hyaluronate, thymine and sodium chloride (T-LysYal®). This randomized study investigated whether intranasal T-LysYal® (rinoLysYal®, Farmigea, Italy) was able to reduce symptom severity, endoscopic features, and nasal cytology in 89 patients (48 males and 41 females, mean age 36.3±7.1 years) with AR, NAR, and MR. Patients were treated with intranasal T-LysYal® or isotonic saline solution as adjunctive therapy to nasal corticosteroid and oral antihistamine for 4 weeks. Patients were visited at baseline, after treatment and after 4-week follow-up. Intranasal T-LysYal® treatment significantly reduced the quote of patients with symptoms, endoscopic features, and inflammatory cells. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that intranasal T-LysYal® is able, as ancillary therapy, to significantly improve patients with AR, NAR, and MR, and its effect is long lasting.
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Lisina/administración & dosificación , Lisina/uso terapéutico , Rinitis Alérgica/tratamiento farmacológico , Rinitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Cloruro de Sodio/administración & dosificación , Cloruro de Sodio/uso terapéutico , Timina/administración & dosificación , Timina/uso terapéutico , Administración Intranasal , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertrofia , Masculino , Neutrófilos/patología , Cornetes Nasales/patologíaRESUMEN
Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery (FESS) is a common day surgery technique for upper airway disorders. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a fundamental component of the human connective tissue. HA may exert reparative, anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating activities. Recently, a new intranasal HA formulation has been proposed: a supramolecular system containing lysine hyaluronate, thymine and sodium chloride (T-LysYal®). This randomized study investigated whether intranasal T-LysYal® (RinoLysYal®, Farmigea, Italy) was able to reduce symptom severity, endoscopic features, and nasal cytology in 83 patients (49 males and 34 females mean age 45.4±6.2 years) treated with FESS. All patients were treated with isotonic saline solution for 4 weeks, and a sub-group (active group) was also treated with intranasal T-LysYal®. Patients were visited at baseline, after treatment, and after 4-week follow-up. Intranasal T-LysYal® treatment significantly reduced the quote of patients with symptoms, endoscopic features, and inflammatory cells in comparison to isotonic solution. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that intranasal T-LysYal® is able to significantly improve patients after FESS and its effect is long lasting.
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Adyuvantes Farmacéuticos/administración & dosificación , Adyuvantes Farmacéuticos/farmacología , Endoscopía , Lisina/administración & dosificación , Lisina/farmacología , Senos Paranasales/cirugía , Cloruro de Sodio/administración & dosificación , Cloruro de Sodio/farmacología , Timina/administración & dosificación , Timina/farmacología , Administración Intranasal , Recuento de Células , Eosinófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Eosinófilos/patología , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertrofia , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mucosa Nasal/efectos de los fármacos , Mucosa Nasal/patología , Neutrófilos/efectos de los fármacos , Neutrófilos/patología , Senos Paranasales/patología , Cornetes Nasales/efectos de los fármacos , Cornetes Nasales/patologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Rhinitis comprises several diseases with varying causes and different clinical manifestations and pathological features, but treated as a single clinical disorder. As heterogeneous disease, proper differential diagnosis is useful to delineate appropriate therapeutic intervention. Comparative proteomic investigation was aimed to provide information for specific differentially expressed proteins in rhino pathologic state, that could be used for diagnostic purpose and therapeutic monitoring. METHODS: Proteins extracted from nasal mucosa cells of patients with different features of rhinitis and from control subjects, were separated by 2-DE. Proteins differentially expressed were identified by mass spectrometry (MS). RESULTS: Comparative proteomic analyses led to the identification of eighteen proteins differentially expressed in patients with rhinitis, mainly related to cell defense and innate and acquired immunity. From that, at least one protein can be a possible candidate as biomarker of disease.
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Mucosa Nasal/inmunología , Mucosa Nasal/patología , Rinitis/genética , Rinitis/inmunología , Adulto , Aldehído Deshidrogenasa/inmunología , Familia de Aldehído Deshidrogenasa 1 , Aldehído Deshidrogenasa Mitocondrial/inmunología , Antígenos de Neoplasias/inmunología , Biomarcadores , Electroforesis en Gel Bidimensional , Eosinófilos/patología , Femenino , Gutatión-S-Transferasa pi/inmunología , Glutatión Transferasa/inmunología , Glicoproteínas/inmunología , Subunidades de Hemoglobina/inmunología , Humanos , Isoenzimas/inmunología , Masculino , Espectrometría de Masas , Mastocitos/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pólipos Nasales/inmunología , Pólipos Nasales/patología , Neutrófilos/patología , Peroxirredoxinas/inmunología , Fosfoproteínas/inmunología , Proteómica , Retinal-Deshidrogenasa , Proteínas S100/inmunología , Proteínas de Unión al Selenio/inmunología , Serpinas/inmunología , Albúmina Sérica/inmunología , Tiorredoxinas/inmunologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Recently, it has been reported that nasal cytology in light microscopy can identify biofilms, which appear as cyan-stained "Infectious Spots". We assessed by the same method and in the same population, the presence of biofilms in different nasal disorders, and estimated if a correlation with the functional grade of obstruction existed. METHODS: Subjects suffering from different nasal disorders, after a detailed clinical history and ENT examination, underwent nasal fibroendoscopy, skin prick test, rhinomanometry and nasal cytology. The presence of biofilm was linked to the type ofdisease and to the grade of obstruction. RESULTS: Among 1,410 subjects previously studied, the infectious spot was found in 107 patients (7.6%), and this percentage reached 55.4% in subjects with cytologic signs of infectious rhinitis (presence of bacteria/fungi). Biofilms were largely more frequent in patients with adenoid hypertrophy (57.4%), followed by nasal polyposis (24%), chronic rhinosinusitis (9.5%) and non-allergic rhinitis (7.6%). Nasal cytology was normal in the remaining patients, where no infectious spot was detectable. Statistical analysis showed that nasal resistances were significantly higher in presence of biofilms in patients with adenoid hypertrophy (p = 0.003), nasal polyposis (p < 0.001), chronic rhinosinusitis (p = 0.018) and septal deviation (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that biofilm is present not only in infectious rhinitis, but also in inflammatory and/or immune-mediated diseases. The presence of biofilms significantly correlates with the degree of nasal obstruction as assessed by rhinomanometry.
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Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Biopelículas , Citodiagnóstico , Cavidad Nasal/microbiología , Rinitis/microbiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Bacterias/crecimiento & desarrollo , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Preescolar , Endoscopía , Femenino , Tecnología de Fibra Óptica , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cavidad Nasal/patología , Obstrucción Nasal/diagnóstico , Obstrucción Nasal/microbiología , Obstrucción Nasal/patología , Pólipos Nasales/diagnóstico , Pólipos Nasales/microbiología , Pólipos Nasales/patología , Rinitis/diagnóstico , Rinitis/patología , Rinitis Alérgica Perenne/diagnóstico , Rinitis Alérgica Perenne/microbiología , Rinitis Alérgica Perenne/patología , Rinitis Alérgica Estacional/diagnóstico , Rinitis Alérgica Estacional/microbiología , Rinitis Alérgica Estacional/patología , Rinomanometría , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Sinusitis/diagnóstico , Sinusitis/microbiología , Sinusitis/patología , Pruebas Cutáneas , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: To determine the effect of intranasal sodium hyaluronate on mucociliary clearance time following functional endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with nasal polyposis. STUDY DESIGN: Randomized, controlled, blinded study. METHODS: Thirty-six patients with grade II nasal polyposis undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery received intranasal sodium hyaluronate 9 mg twice daily or saline for 30 days commencing on the second day after surgery. Ciliary mucous transport time was assessed using charcoal powder and saccharin administered during rhinoscopy. Other outcomes included changes in symptoms, endoscopic appearance of the nasal mucosa, and tolerability. RESULTS: Patients receiving sodium hyaluronate had a significantly faster mucociliary clearance time at 1 month compared with controls (14.3 +/- 2.5 vs. 23.6 +/- 3.3 minutes; p = 0.000). Furthermore, sodium hyaluronate recipients experienced a lower incidence of rhinorrhea, less nasal obstruction and a lower incidence of exudate on endoscopy than control subjects at 1 month (all p < 0.05). Sodium hyaluronate was well tolerated in patients following functional endoscopic sinus surgery. CONCLUSION: The use of intranasal sodium hyaluronate in patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery for nasal polyposis augmented the improvement in mucociliary clearance observed following this procedure and improved several clinical and endoscopic parameters. These data provide encouraging evidence of the beneficial effects of sodium hyaluronate in the care of patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery with which to continue the development of the product for this indication.
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Ácido Hialurónico/administración & dosificación , Depuración Mucociliar/efectos de los fármacos , Pólipos Nasales/cirugía , Administración Intranasal , Adulto , Anciano , Endoscopía , Femenino , Humanos , Ácido Hialurónico/efectos adversos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The paper involves exposure to noise of the State Police officers connected with the use of firearms. The noise generated by these weapons is of short duration and high intensity. METHODS: The research was carried out during the sessions of firearm training of State Police officers to assess exposure to noise. RESULTS: The values of the various investigations, both audiometric and phonometric, carried out made it possible to demonstrate a significant exposure and a temporary increase in the threshold, above the frequency of 6000 Hz. CONCLUSION: Even taking account of the abatement from use of headphones, an exposure was demonstrated that was above the statutory limits, as was confirmed by the temporary hearing threshold shift.
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Audiometría de Tonos Puros , Umbral Auditivo , Armas de Fuego , Pérdida Auditiva Provocada por Ruido/fisiopatología , Policia , Adulto , Audiometría de Tonos Puros/métodos , Dispositivos de Protección de los Oídos/estadística & datos numéricos , Potenciales Evocados Auditivos , Pérdida Auditiva Provocada por Ruido/etiología , Pérdida Auditiva Provocada por Ruido/prevención & control , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Subjective tinnitus is a common symptom, and there is often an underlying otological cause. This study investigated the degree of tinnitus-related annoyance in patients with chronic otitis media and analysed whether associations with tinnitus severity exist. METHOD: The multinational collaborative Chronic Otitis Media Questionnaire-12 study collected prospective data on 478 adult patients suffering from chronic otitis media across 9 otology referral centres in 8 countries. Based on this dataset, we investigated tinnitus severity using participant responses to item 7 of a native version of the Chronic Otitis Media Questionnaire-12. RESULTS: With respect to tinnitus severity, 23.8 per cent, 17.4 per cent, 15.5 per cent, and 43.4 per cent of participants reported no, minor, moderate, and major inconvenience or greater, respectively. The absence of ear discharge, absence of cholesteatoma, and poorer disease-specific health-related quality-of-life were associated with increased tinnitus severity in patients with chronic otitis media, whereas age, hearing disability and geographical region showed no association. CONCLUSION: This analysis provided novel insight into potential risk factors for tinnitus in patients with chronic otitis media.
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Otitis Media , Acúfeno , Humanos , Adulto , Acúfeno/epidemiología , Acúfeno/etiología , Estudios Prospectivos , Otitis Media/complicaciones , Otitis Media/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Enfermedad Crónica , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
The purpose of this study was to describe some "morphological-chromatic" patterns (i.e. spots of cyan colour) identified during the study of nasal cytology in patients with both bacterial and fungal infectious rhinological disorders. These peculiar aspects strongly suggest the presence of a microscopic biofilm. We retrospectively examined 1,410 nasal cytology specimens from subjects who underwent clinical-instrumental investigations (history, ENT visit, nasal endoscopy and nasal cytology) from January to August 2010. The control samples were represented by 30 subjects not suffering from infectious rhinological diseases. The presence of particular spots of "cyan" was found in colour in 107/1,410 rhinocytograms (7.6%), within which bacterial colonies and/or fungal spores were found. We called these coloured spot formations "infectious spots" (IS). The positivity to periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining confirmed the polysaccharide nature of the coloured spots and allowed us to relate them to biofilms. This study demonstrates, for the first time, that nasal cytology performed by optical microscope can play an important role in detecting biofilms.