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INTRODUCTION: Egg allergy usually manifests during the initial 2 years of life, a period in which most vaccinations are administered. This often leads to delays in the application of some vaccines in patients with egg allergies, exposing them to a risk of contracting preventable infections. The aim of the study was to describe the frequency of reactions after applying the yellow fever vaccine (YFV) within a population with egg allergy. METHODS: This was a cohort study with retrospective, multicenter data (2014-2023). Patient records diagnosed with egg allergy were gathered from their initial egg-related reactions until their YFV administration. Information was also collected about hypersensitivity tests conducted for egg and YFV such as the skin prick test (SPT) and intradermal test (IDT). RESULTS: Among the 171 records analyzed, 23.9% of patients had a history of egg anaphylaxis. Out of these, 5 patients had a positive SPT and 21 IDT with the YFV. All patients tolerated the application of YFV without developing hypersensitivity reactions, regardless of the results of the YFV tests, the severity of egg reactions, the number of egg reactions, or the time since the last egg reaction. Out of the total patient cohort, 46.1% (79 individuals) encountered delays in receiving the YFV, and in this subset, 14% faced delays lasting longer than 12 months. CONCLUSION: The risk of allergic reactions with the YFV remains low. YFV tests generate delays in the vaccine application without providing high diagnostic accuracy. YFV should not be deferred even in patients with a history of severe egg reactions.
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OBJECTIVE: To characterize demographically and clinically the patients with anaphylaxis treated in a third level health institution in Medellin, Colombia. METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out, which includedpatients were diagnosed with anaphylaxis between 2009 and 2019. Information was retrieved from medical records through a collection instrument. Subsequently, a descriptive statistical analysis of proportions and measures of central tendency of the variables of interest was performed. RESULTS: A total of 1820 records were reviewed and data from 253 patients were included. Among the reported comorbidities, drug allergy was the most prevalent (28%). The most frequent manifestations of anaphylaxis were cutaneous and respiratory. Most of the cases presented basal tryptase values ≤ 11.4 ng/mL (94.7%). Different etiological agents (food, drugs, insects and latex) were reported, and their frequency varied according to age. Adrenaline, steroids, and antihistamines were the treatments of choice in 39.9, 34.3, and 39.9% of cases, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The characteristics of anaphylaxis in a medical center in Colombia coincide with those reported in Latin American. The treatment of anaphylaxis is not standardized, which makes it necessary to educate the health personnel and develop national guidelines.
OBJECTIVO: Identificar las características clínicas y demográficas de pacientes con anafilaxia, atendidos en un hospital de tercer nivel de Medellín, Colombia. MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, descriptivo, de corte transversal, al que se incluyeron pacientes con diagnóstico con anafilaxia entre 2009 y 2019. La información de los pacientes se obtuvo a partir de los expedientes clínicos, mediante un instrumento de recolección. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo, de proporciones y medidas de tendencia central de las variables de interés. RESULTADOS: Se revisaron 1820 expedientes y se incluyeron los datos de 253 pacientes. Los agentes etiológicos más frecuentes fueron: medicamentos (52.1%), alimentos (34.7%), picadura de insectos (13.8%) y agentes no especificados (17.7%). Las manifestaciones cutáneas y respiratorias fueron las más frecuentes asociadas con anafilaxia. El 94.7% de los casos tuvo concentraciones normales de triptasa. La adrenalina, los corticosteroides y antihistamínicos fueron los fármacos de elección en el 39.9, 34.3 y 39.9% de los casos, respectivamente. CONCLUSIONES: Las características de anafilaxia coinciden con las reportadas en la mayor parte de los estudios en Latinoamérica. Aunque existen guías mundiales de tratamiento de la anafilaxia, no suelen aplicarse de forma uniforme, lo que hace necesario adiestrar al personal de salud y desarrollar guías nacionales al respecto.
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Anafilaxia , Humanos , Anafilaxia/diagnóstico , Centros de Atención Terciaria , Colombia/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Epinefrina/uso terapéutico , Alérgenos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Frey's syndrome is a group of symptoms that include unilateral sweating with malar region and external ear reddening after eating or drinking some food. It is a lesion of the auriculotemporal nerve that is secondary to surgery, parotid gland infection or facial trauma. CLINICAL CASES: Three children between 4 and two and a half years of age: two girls and one boy. They had self-limiting unilateral erythematous facial macules that reached the external ear, without rash, itching, angioedema and gastrointestinal or respiratory symptoms; its onset was associated with the consumption of acid and some sweet foods. Symptom reproduction of was observed in the path of the auriculotemporal nerve. Their histories included cesarean section delivery owing to cephalopelvic disproportion (case 1), birth by operative vaginal delivery with forceps (case 2) and cesarean delivery owing to preeclampsia (case 3). CONCLUSIONS: Frey's syndrome is often mistaken with food allergy, leading to unnecessary dietary restrictions. Sweating is often absent in children owing to possible eccrine glands immaturity.
Antecedentes: El síndrome Frey es un conjunto de síntomas que incluyen la sudoración unilateral con enrojecimiento de la región malar y pabellón auricular después de comer o beber algún alimento. Se trata de una lesión del nervio auriculotemporal secundaria a cirugía o infección de las glándulas parotídeas o traumatismo facial. Casos clínicos: Tres niños entre cuatro y dos y medio años de edad: dos niñas y un niño. Presentaban máculas eritematosas unilaterales en la cara que llegaban el pabellón auricular de resolución espontánea, sin erupciones, prurito, angioedema, síntomas gastrointestinales ni respiratorios; su aparición estaba asociada con el consumo de alimentos ácidos y algunos dulces. Se observó la reproducción de los síntomas en el recorrido del nervio aurículo-temporal. Entre sus antecedentes se encontraban nacimiento por cesárea debido a desproporción cefalopélvica (caso 1), nacimiento por parto instrumentado con fórceps (caso 2) y nacimiento por cesárea debido a preeclampsia (caso 3). Conclusiones: A menudo el síndrome de Frey suele ser confundido con alergia alimentaria, ocasionando restricciones innecesarias de la dieta. En los niños suele estar ausente la sudoración debido a la posible inmadurez de las glándulas ecrinas.
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Sudoración Gustativa/diagnóstico , Alergia e Inmunología , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , FenotipoRESUMEN
Resumen Con el advenimiento de la pandemia por COVID-19 se generó la necesidad de diseñar estrategias que ayudaran a mitigar la morbimortalidad causada por el virus y una de las más prometedoras es la vacunación masiva. Sin embargo, la vacunación puede asociarse a reacciones adversas, entre ellas, reacciones de hipersensibilidad a los componentes de las diferentes vacunas, por lo que es fundamental conocer dichos componentes y la población que requiere una valoración previa por Alergología. Todo paciente que lo requiera se debe remitir oportunamente con el fin de reconocer el componente implicado en la reacción por medio de pruebas adecuadas y ofrecer una conducta que permita continuar un esquema de vacunación que sea seguro. Este artículo busca recopilar los datos de reacciones adversas, con énfasis en reacciones de hipersensibilidad, que se han presentado en ensayos clínicos con la aplicación de las vacunas contra el SARS-CoV-2 para ser aplicadas en Colombia. Adicionalmente, se realiza una propuesta de abordaje de los pacientes con antecedentes de reacciones de hipersensibilidad con respecto a la conducta que se debe tomar para su vacunación.
Abstract With the occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic, the need to design strategies to help mitigate the morbimortality caused by the virus arose and one of the most promising is mass vaccination. However, vaccination may be associated with adverse reactions, including hypersensitivity reactions to the components of the different vaccines, so it is essential to know these components and the population that requires prior assessment by Allergology. Any patient who requires it should be referred in a timely manner, in order to recognize the component involved in the reaction by means of appropriate tests and to offer a course of action that allows continuing a safe vaccination schedule. This article seeks to compile data on adverse reactions, with emphasis on hypersensitivity reactions, which have occurred in clinical trials with the application of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 to be applied in Colombia. Additionally, a proposal is made to approach patients with a history of hypersensitivity reactions with respect to the conduct that should be taken for their vaccination.
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Resumen En América Latina existen varios mitos sobre las vacunas convencionales, principalmente en pacientes con alergia alimentaria. Este artículo pretende revisar algunos de los mitos existentes, sus orígenes y proponer un abordaje clínico más adecuado. Así mismo, se propone unas directri ces acerca del manejo de los pacientes alérgicos que requieren ser vacunados. Finalmente, no se debería dejar de suministrar las vacunas a los pacientes con antecedentes de alergia alimentaria, donde la mayoría de veces se requiere el concepto del médico especialista en alergología. (Acta Med Colomb 2019; 44: 96-102).
Abstract In Latin America there are several myths about conventional vaccines, mainly in patients with food allergy. This article aims to review some of the existing myths, their origins and propose a more adequate clinical approach. Likewise, some guidelines about the management of allergic patients that require vaccination are proposed. Finally, in patients with a history of food allergy, where the concept of an allergy specialist is most of the time required, the supply of vaccines should not be interrupted. (Acta Med Colomb 2019; 44: 96-102).