RESUMEN
Despite greater than 99% of influenza A viruses circulating in the Asia-Pacific region being resistant to the adamantane antiviral drugs in 2011, the large majority of influenza A (>97%) and B strains (â¼99%) remained susceptible to the neuraminidase inhibitors oseltamivir and zanamivir. However, compared to the first year of the 2009 pandemic, cases of oseltamivir-resistant A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses with the H275Y neuraminidase mutation increased in 2011, primarily due to an outbreak of oseltamivir-resistant viruses that occurred in Newcastle, as reported in Hurt et al. (2011c, 2012a), where the majority of the resistant viruses were from community patients not being treated with oseltamivir. A small number of influenza B viruses with reduced oseltamivir or zanamivir susceptibility were also detected. The increased detection of neuraminidase inhibitor resistant strains circulating in the community and the detection of novel variants with reduced susceptibility are reminders that monitoring of influenza viruses is important to ensure that antiviral treatment guidelines remain appropriate.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/farmacología , Virus de la Influenza A/efectos de los fármacos , Virus de la Influenza B/efectos de los fármacos , Gripe Humana/virología , Asia , Humanos , Virus de la Influenza A/aislamiento & purificación , Virus de la Influenza B/aislamiento & purificación , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Islas del PacíficoRESUMEN
AIMS: To characterise the epidemiology of anogenital herpes in Melbourne by detailing the age-specific prevalence of herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and HSV 2. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of 2055 anogenital specimens assayed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HSV 1 and 2 at Melbourne Pathology from 1 August 2004 to 11 May 2005 was conducted. Results were analysed by age and sex. RESULTS: PCR demonstrated HSV 1 in 44.1% of all anogenital herpes cases. The relative prevalence of HSV 1 decreased as a function of increasing age. In patients under the age of 20, 18.2% of cases of anogenital herpes were due to HSV 2, as compared with 84.6% in patients over the age of 50. CONCLUSIONS: In this study population a clear relationship is seen between age and relative frequency of HSV 1 and 2 as a cause of anogenital herpes. HSV 2 accounts for only a small proportion of infections in younger patients.